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Falk Leichsenring - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in complex mental disorders update of a meta analysis
FOCUS, 2014Co-Authors: Falk Leichsenring, Sven RabungAbstract:BackgroundDose–effect relationship data suggest that short-term Psychotherapy is insufficient for many patients with chronic distress or personality disorders (complex mental disorders).AimsTo examine the comparative efficacy of long-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (LTPP) in complex mental disorders.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of controlled trials of LTPP fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: therapy lasting for at least a year or 50 sessions; active comparison conditions; prospective design; reliable and valid outcome measures; treatments terminated. Ten studies with 971 patients were included.ResultsBetween-group effect sizes in favour of LTPP compared with less intensive (lower dose) forms of Psychotherapy ranged between 0.44 and 0.68.ConclusionsResults suggest that LTPP is superior to less intensive forms of Psychotherapy in complex mental disorders. Further research on long-term Psychotherapy is needed, not only for Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, but also for other therapies.(Reprinted w...
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evidence for Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in specific mental disorders a systematic review
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 2014Co-Authors: Falk Leichsenring, Susanne KleinAbstract:This article reviews the empirical evidence for Psychodynamic therapy for specific mental disorders in adults. According to the results presented here, there is evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that Psychodynamic therapy is efficacious in common mental disorders, including depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, personality disorders, eating disorders, complicated grief, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance-related disorders. These results clearly contradict assertions repeatedly made by representatives of other psychotherapeutic approaches claiming that Psychodynamic Psychotherapy is not empirically supported. However, further research is required, both on outcome and processes of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. There is a need, for example, for RCTs of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy of PTSD. Furthermore, research on long-term Psychotherapy for specific mental disorders is required.
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Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for children and adolescents a meta analysis of short term Psychodynamic models
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Allan Abbass, Sven Rabung, Falk Leichsenring, Johanne S Refseth, Nick MidgleyAbstract:Objective: Psychodynamically based brief Psychotherapy is frequently used in clinical practice for a range of common mental disorders in children and adolescents. To our knowledge, there have been no meta-analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of these therapies. Method: After a broad search, we meta-analyzed controlled outcome studies of short-term Psychodynamic psychotherapies (STPP, 40 or fewer sessions). We also performed sensitivity analyses and evaluated the risk of bias in this body of studies. Results: We found 11 studies with a total of 655 patients covering a broad range of conditions including depression, anxiety disorders, anorexia nervosa, and borderline personality disorder. STPP did not separate from what were mostly robust treatment comparators, but there were some subgroup differences. Robust (g ¼ 1.07, 95% CI ¼ 0.80–1.34) within group effect sizes were observed suggesting the treatment may be effective. These effects increased in follow up compared to post treatment (overall, g ¼ 0.24, 95% CI ¼ 0.00–0.48), suggesting a tendency toward increased gains. Heterogeneity was high across most analyses, suggesting that these data need be interpreted with caution. Conclusion: This review suggests that STPP may be effective in children and adolescents across a range of common mental disorders. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2013;52(8):863–875. Key Words: anxiety, child, depression, Psychodynamic, Psychotherapy
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a meta analysis of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy outcomes evaluating the effects of research specific procedures
Psychotherapy, 2012Co-Authors: Joel M Town, Falk Leichsenring, Marc J Diener, Allan Abbass, Ellen Driessen, Sven RabungAbstract:The aim of this research was to examine the extent to which the use of research-specific procedures in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy impacts upon treatment effectiveness and which variables moderate this potential relationship. Effects of audio/video recording of sessions, use of treatment manuals, and checks of treatment fidelity were examined. A meta-analysis was conducted on randomized controlled trials of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. Forty-six independent treatment samples totaling 1615 patients were included. The magnitude of change between pretreatment and posttreatment aggregated across all studies (45 treatment samples) for overall outcome was large (d 1.01), and further improvement was observed between posttreatment and an average 12.8-month follow-up (d 0.18). Subgroup analyses comparing studies that used research-specific procedures and those that did not revealed that for posttreatment data no differences in treatment effects were found. However, the use of treatment manuals and fidelity checks were significantly associated with improvement between the end of treatment and follow-up assessment. Within the limitations of analyses, this data offered preliminary evidence that use of research-specific procedures does not contribute in a negative manner to posttreatment outcomes in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, and their use contributes to positive differences that emerge with time. These findings, although observational in nature, make a case for reconsidering how dimensions of clinical utility and experimental control may be integrated in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy to enable further elucidation of principles that evidently work.
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long term effects of short term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy in generalized anxiety disorder 12 month follow up
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2011Co-Authors: Simone Salzer, Eric Leibing, Frank Leweke, Christel Winkelbach, Falk LeichsenringAbstract:Objective:In a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT), short-term efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (STPP) in generalized anxiety disord...
Barbara Milrod - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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focus is key panic focused interpretations are associated with symptomatic improvement in panic focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy Research, 2019Co-Authors: John R Keefe, Jacques P Barber, Fredric N Busch, Nili Solomonov, Robert J Derubeis, Alexander C Phillips, Dianne L Chambless, Barbara MilrodAbstract:ABSTRACTObjective: This study examines whether, in panic-focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP), interpretations of conflicts that underlie anxiety (panic-focused or PF-interpretations) are specifically associated with subsequent panic disorder (PD) symptom improvement, over and above the provision of non-symptom-focused interpretations. Method: Technique use in Sessions 2 and 10 of a 24-session PFPP protocol was assessed for the 65 patients with complete outcome data randomized to PFPP in a two-site trial of psychotherapies for PD. Sessions were rated in 15-min segments for therapists’ use of PF-interpretations, non-PF-interpretations, and PF-clarifications. Robust regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between these interventions and symptom change subsequent to the sampled session. Interpersonal problems were examined as a moderator of the relationship of PF-interpretations to symptom change. Results: At Session 10, but not at Session 2, patients who received a higher degree of PF-i...
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trauma focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy of a patient with ptsd in a veterans affairs setting
American Journal of Psychotherapy, 2019Co-Authors: Fredric N Busch, Nicole Nehrig, Barbara MilrodAbstract:Objective:This article aims to articulate the use of trauma-focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (TFPP) for a 33-year-old U.S. Army veteran with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a Veterans Af...
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trauma focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 2018Co-Authors: Fredric N Busch, Barbara MilrodAbstract:The authors describe a Psychodynamic psychotherapeutic approach to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma-focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. This Psychotherapy addresses disruptions in narrative coherence and affective dysregulation by exploring the psychological meanings of symptoms and their relation to traumatic events. The therapist works to identify intrapsychic conflicts, intense negative affects, and defense mechanisms related to the PTSD syndrome using a Psychodynamic formulation that provides a framework for intervention. The transference provides a forum for patients to address feelings of mistrust, difficulties with authority, fears of abuse, angry and guilty feelings, and fantasies.
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implementing panic focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy into clinical practice
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Manfred E. Beutel, Barbara Milrod, Vera Scheurich, Achim Knebel, Matthias Michal, Jorg Wiltink, Mechthild Grafmorgenstern, Regine Tschan, Stefan Wellek, Claudia SubicwranaAbstract:Objective:To determine the effectiveness of manualized panic-focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP) in routine care in Germany.Method:German psychoanalysts were trained according to the PFPP ma...
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manual of panic focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy extended range
2012Co-Authors: Fredric N Busch, Barbara Milrod, Meriamne B Singer, Andrew C AronsonAbstract:This manual presents a carefully researched, detailed Psychodynamic treatment program for the alleviation of a transdiagnostic range of primary Axis I anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and related psychological problems. First exploring the principles of Psychodynamic theory and formulation, the authors then present a three-phased process of Panic Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy-Extended Range (PFPP-XR): initial evaluation, interpretation of central conflicts and defense mechanisms, and termination. Each phase is discussed in depth and relies on central case illustrations to demonstrate techniques and results. A subsequent chapter explores how to address complex issues that may arise during the course of treatment. Altogether, this manual not only provides a demonstrated, adaptable approach for anxiety disorders, but also clearly embodies a spirit of research and empiricism heretofore rare in Psychodynamic psychotherapies, with an eye toward future development.
Sven Rabung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in complex mental disorders update of a meta analysis
FOCUS, 2014Co-Authors: Falk Leichsenring, Sven RabungAbstract:BackgroundDose–effect relationship data suggest that short-term Psychotherapy is insufficient for many patients with chronic distress or personality disorders (complex mental disorders).AimsTo examine the comparative efficacy of long-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (LTPP) in complex mental disorders.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of controlled trials of LTPP fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: therapy lasting for at least a year or 50 sessions; active comparison conditions; prospective design; reliable and valid outcome measures; treatments terminated. Ten studies with 971 patients were included.ResultsBetween-group effect sizes in favour of LTPP compared with less intensive (lower dose) forms of Psychotherapy ranged between 0.44 and 0.68.ConclusionsResults suggest that LTPP is superior to less intensive forms of Psychotherapy in complex mental disorders. Further research on long-term Psychotherapy is needed, not only for Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, but also for other therapies.(Reprinted w...
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Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for children and adolescents a meta analysis of short term Psychodynamic models
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Allan Abbass, Sven Rabung, Falk Leichsenring, Johanne S Refseth, Nick MidgleyAbstract:Objective: Psychodynamically based brief Psychotherapy is frequently used in clinical practice for a range of common mental disorders in children and adolescents. To our knowledge, there have been no meta-analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of these therapies. Method: After a broad search, we meta-analyzed controlled outcome studies of short-term Psychodynamic psychotherapies (STPP, 40 or fewer sessions). We also performed sensitivity analyses and evaluated the risk of bias in this body of studies. Results: We found 11 studies with a total of 655 patients covering a broad range of conditions including depression, anxiety disorders, anorexia nervosa, and borderline personality disorder. STPP did not separate from what were mostly robust treatment comparators, but there were some subgroup differences. Robust (g ¼ 1.07, 95% CI ¼ 0.80–1.34) within group effect sizes were observed suggesting the treatment may be effective. These effects increased in follow up compared to post treatment (overall, g ¼ 0.24, 95% CI ¼ 0.00–0.48), suggesting a tendency toward increased gains. Heterogeneity was high across most analyses, suggesting that these data need be interpreted with caution. Conclusion: This review suggests that STPP may be effective in children and adolescents across a range of common mental disorders. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2013;52(8):863–875. Key Words: anxiety, child, depression, Psychodynamic, Psychotherapy
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a meta analysis of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy outcomes evaluating the effects of research specific procedures
Psychotherapy, 2012Co-Authors: Joel M Town, Falk Leichsenring, Marc J Diener, Allan Abbass, Ellen Driessen, Sven RabungAbstract:The aim of this research was to examine the extent to which the use of research-specific procedures in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy impacts upon treatment effectiveness and which variables moderate this potential relationship. Effects of audio/video recording of sessions, use of treatment manuals, and checks of treatment fidelity were examined. A meta-analysis was conducted on randomized controlled trials of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. Forty-six independent treatment samples totaling 1615 patients were included. The magnitude of change between pretreatment and posttreatment aggregated across all studies (45 treatment samples) for overall outcome was large (d 1.01), and further improvement was observed between posttreatment and an average 12.8-month follow-up (d 0.18). Subgroup analyses comparing studies that used research-specific procedures and those that did not revealed that for posttreatment data no differences in treatment effects were found. However, the use of treatment manuals and fidelity checks were significantly associated with improvement between the end of treatment and follow-up assessment. Within the limitations of analyses, this data offered preliminary evidence that use of research-specific procedures does not contribute in a negative manner to posttreatment outcomes in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, and their use contributes to positive differences that emerge with time. These findings, although observational in nature, make a case for reconsidering how dimensions of clinical utility and experimental control may be integrated in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy to enable further elucidation of principles that evidently work.
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long term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in complex mental disorders update of a meta analysis
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2011Co-Authors: Falk Leichsenring, Sven RabungAbstract:Background Dose–effect relationship data suggest that short-term Psychotherapy is insufficient for many patients with chronic distress or personality disorders (complex mental disorders). Aims To examine the comparative efficacy of long-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (LTPP) in complex mental disorders. Method We conducted a meta-analysis of controlled trials of LTPP fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: therapy lasting for at least a year or 50 sessions; active comparison conditions; prospective design; reliable and valid outcome measures; treatments terminated. Ten studies with 971 patients were included. Results Between-group effect sizes in favour of LTPP compared with less intensive (lower dose) forms of Psychotherapy ranged between 0.44 and 0.68. Conclusions Results suggest that LTPP is superior to less intensive forms of Psychotherapy in complex mental disorders. Further research on long-term Psychotherapy is needed, not only for Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, but also for other therapies.
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Effectiveness of long-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: A meta-analysis
JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 2008Co-Authors: Falk Leichsenring, Sven RabungAbstract:CONTEXT: The place of long-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (LTPP) within psychiatry is controversial. Convincing outcome research for LTPP has been lacking. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of LTPP, especially in complex mental disorders, ie, patients with personality disorders, chronic mental disorders, multiple mental disorders, and complex depressive and anxiety disorders (ie, associated with chronic course and/or multiple mental disorders), by performing a meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Studies of LTPP published between January 1, 1960, and May 31, 2008, were identified by a computerized search using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Current Contents, supplemented by contact with experts in the field. STUDY SELECTION: Only studies that used individual Psychodynamic Psychotherapy lasting for at least a year, or 50 sessions; had a prospective design; and reported reliable outcome measures were included. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were considered. Twenty-three studies involving a total of 1053 patients were included (11 RCTs and 12 observational studies). DATA EXTRACTION: Information on study characteristics and treatment outcome was extracted by 2 independent raters. Effect sizes were calculated for overall effectiveness, target problems, general psychiatric symptoms, personality functioning, and social functioning. To examine the stability of outcome, effect sizes were calculated separately for end-of-therapy and follow-up assessment. RESULTS: According to comparative analyses of controlled trials, LTPP showed significantly higher outcomes in overall effectiveness, target problems, and personality functioning than shorter forms of Psychotherapy. With regard to overall effectiveness, a between-group effect size of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-3.4) indicated that after treatment with LTPP patients with complex mental disorders on average were better off than 96% of the patients in the comparison groups (P = .002). According to subgroup analyses, LTPP yielded significant, large, and stable within-group effect sizes across various and particularly complex mental disorders (range, 0.78-1.98). CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that LTPP is an effective treatment for complex mental disorders. Further research should address the outcome of LTPP in specific mental disorders and should include cost-effectiveness analyses.
Fredric N Busch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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focus is key panic focused interpretations are associated with symptomatic improvement in panic focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy Research, 2019Co-Authors: John R Keefe, Jacques P Barber, Fredric N Busch, Nili Solomonov, Robert J Derubeis, Alexander C Phillips, Dianne L Chambless, Barbara MilrodAbstract:ABSTRACTObjective: This study examines whether, in panic-focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP), interpretations of conflicts that underlie anxiety (panic-focused or PF-interpretations) are specifically associated with subsequent panic disorder (PD) symptom improvement, over and above the provision of non-symptom-focused interpretations. Method: Technique use in Sessions 2 and 10 of a 24-session PFPP protocol was assessed for the 65 patients with complete outcome data randomized to PFPP in a two-site trial of psychotherapies for PD. Sessions were rated in 15-min segments for therapists’ use of PF-interpretations, non-PF-interpretations, and PF-clarifications. Robust regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between these interventions and symptom change subsequent to the sampled session. Interpersonal problems were examined as a moderator of the relationship of PF-interpretations to symptom change. Results: At Session 10, but not at Session 2, patients who received a higher degree of PF-i...
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trauma focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy of a patient with ptsd in a veterans affairs setting
American Journal of Psychotherapy, 2019Co-Authors: Fredric N Busch, Nicole Nehrig, Barbara MilrodAbstract:Objective:This article aims to articulate the use of trauma-focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (TFPP) for a 33-year-old U.S. Army veteran with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a Veterans Af...
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trauma focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 2018Co-Authors: Fredric N Busch, Barbara MilrodAbstract:The authors describe a Psychodynamic psychotherapeutic approach to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma-focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. This Psychotherapy addresses disruptions in narrative coherence and affective dysregulation by exploring the psychological meanings of symptoms and their relation to traumatic events. The therapist works to identify intrapsychic conflicts, intense negative affects, and defense mechanisms related to the PTSD syndrome using a Psychodynamic formulation that provides a framework for intervention. The transference provides a forum for patients to address feelings of mistrust, difficulties with authority, fears of abuse, angry and guilty feelings, and fantasies.
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panic focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy extended range
Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 2013Co-Authors: Fredric N Busch, L Barbara M D MilrodAbstract:Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP) is a 24-session, twice-weekly treatment that has been manualized and has demonstrated efficacy in a randomized controlled trial in the treatment of panic disorder. The treatment has recently been extended to address additional DSM-IV anxiety disorders and Cluster C personality traits and disorders. The manualized approach identifies a set of dynamisms that contribute to panic onset and persistence involving intrapsychic conflicts about separation, autonomy, anger, and guilt. The treatment aims at increasing patients' recognition and understanding of these dynamics through exploration of the meaning and circumstances of their panic attacks, related intrapsychic dynamics, developmental factors, and the transference. The termination of treatment is particularly important in working through conflicts surrounding separation and autonomy. This article describes the formulation and psychotherapeutic approach in greater depth, and a case example is provided. We the...
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manual of panic focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy extended range
2012Co-Authors: Fredric N Busch, Barbara Milrod, Meriamne B Singer, Andrew C AronsonAbstract:This manual presents a carefully researched, detailed Psychodynamic treatment program for the alleviation of a transdiagnostic range of primary Axis I anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and related psychological problems. First exploring the principles of Psychodynamic theory and formulation, the authors then present a three-phased process of Panic Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy-Extended Range (PFPP-XR): initial evaluation, interpretation of central conflicts and defense mechanisms, and termination. Each phase is discussed in depth and relies on central case illustrations to demonstrate techniques and results. A subsequent chapter explores how to address complex issues that may arise during the course of treatment. Altogether, this manual not only provides a demonstrated, adaptable approach for anxiety disorders, but also clearly embodies a spirit of research and empiricism heretofore rare in Psychodynamic psychotherapies, with an eye toward future development.
Eric Leibing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term effects of short term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy in generalized anxiety disorder 12 month follow up
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2011Co-Authors: Simone Salzer, Eric Leibing, Frank Leweke, Christel Winkelbach, Falk LeichsenringAbstract:Objective:In a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT), short-term efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (STPP) in generalized anxiety disord...
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short term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder a randomized controlled trial
FOCUS, 2010Co-Authors: Falk Leichsenring, Simone Salzer, Ulrich Jaeger, Horst Kachele, Reinhard Kreische, Frank Leweke, Ulrich Ruger, Christel Winkelbach, Eric LeibingAbstract:Objective:While several studies have shown that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for generalized anxiety disorder, few studies have addressed the outcome of short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, even though this treatment is widely used. The aim of this study was to compare short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and CBT with regard to treatment outcome in generalized anxiety disorder. Method:Patients with generalized anxiety disorder according to DSM-IV were randomly assigned to receive either CBT (N=29) or short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (N=28). Treatments were carried out according to treatment manuals and included up to 30 weekly sessions. The primary outcome measure was the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, which was applied by trained raters blind to the treatment conditions. Assessments were carried out at the completion of treatment and 6 months afterward. Results:Both CBT and short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy yielded significant, large, and stable improveme...
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short term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder a randomized controlled trial
FOCUS, 2010Co-Authors: Falk Leichsenring, Simone Salzer, Ulrich Jaeger, Horst Kachele, Reinhard Kreische, Frank Leweke, Ulrich Ruger, Christel Winkelbach, Eric LeibingAbstract:Objective: While several studies have shown that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for generalized anxiety disorder, few studies have addressed the outcome of shortterm Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, even though this treatment is widely used. The aim of this study was to compare short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and CBT with regard to treatment outcome in generalized anxiety disorder. Method: Patients with generalized anxiety disorder according to DSM-IV were randomly assigned to receive either CBT (N=29) or short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (N=28). Treatments were carried out according to treatment manuals and included up to 30 weekly sessions. The primary outcome measure was the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, which was applied by trained raters blind to the treatment conditions. Assessments were carried out at the completion of treatment and 6 months afterward. Results: Both CBT and short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy yielded significant, large, and stable improvements with regard to symptoms of anxiety and depression. No significant differences in outcome were found between treatments in regard to the primary outcome measure. These results were corroborated by two self-report measures of anxiety. In measures of trait anxiety, worry, and depression, however, CBT was found to be superior. Conclusions: The results suggest that CBT and short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy are beneficial for patients with generalized anxiety disorder. In future research, large-scale multicenter studies should examine more subtle differences between treatments, including differences in the patients who benefit most from each form of therapy.
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short term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder a randomized controlled trial
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2009Co-Authors: Falk Leichsenring, Simone Salzer, Ulrich Jaeger, Horst Kachele, Reinhard Kreische, Frank Leweke, Ulrich Ruger, Christel Winkelbach, Eric LeibingAbstract:Objective: While several studies have shown that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for generalized anxiety disorder, few studies have addressed the outcome of short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, even though this treatment is widely used. The aim of this study was to compare short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and CBT with regard to treatment outcome in generalized anxiety disorder. Method: Patients with generalized anxiety disorder according to DSM-IV were randomly assigned to receive either CBT (N=29) or short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (N=28). Treatments were carried out according to treatment manuals and included up to 30 weekly sessions. The primary outcome measure was the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, which was applied by trained raters blind to the treatment conditions. Assessments were carried out at the completion of treatment and 6 months afterward. Results: Both CBT and short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy yielded significant, large, and stable improv...
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Psychodynamic Psychotherapy a systematic review of techniques indications and empirical evidence
Psychology and Psychotherapy-theory Research and Practice, 2007Co-Authors: Falk Leichsenring, Eric LeibingAbstract:Purpose. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy is one of the most frequently applied methods of Psychotherapy in clinical practice. However, it is the subject of controversial discussion, especially with regard to empirical evidence. In this article we aim to give an up-to-date description of the treatment and to review the available empirical evidence. Evidence is reviewed for both efficacy and mechanisms of change of short- and moderate-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. Furthermore, results of effectiveness studies of long-term psychoanalytic therapy are reviewed. Methods. With regard to efficacy, a protocol for a Cochrane review for (short-term) Psychodynamic Psychotherapy is available specifying inclusion criteria for efficacy studies. Results. Twenty-three randomized controlled trials of manual-guided Psychodynamic Psychotherapy applied in specific psychiatric disorders provided evidence that Psychodynamic Psychotherapy is superior to control conditions (treatment-as-usual or wait list) and, on the whole, as effective as already established treatments (e.g. cognitive-behavioural therapy) in specific psychiatric disorders. With regard to process research, central assumptions of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy were confirmed by empirical studies. Conclusions. Further research should include both efficacy studies (on specific forms of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in specific mental disorders) and effectiveness studies complementing the results from experimental research settings. Future process research should address the complex interactions among interventions, patient's level of functioning, helping alliance and outcome.