The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Claudio Carlesso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Psychological Response to an emergency in virtual reality
    Computers in Human Behavior, 2015
    Co-Authors: Luciano Gamberini, Luca Chittaro, Anna Spagnolli, Claudio Carlesso
    Abstract:

    A Black or White virtual human asks participants for help.Two types of simulated emergency are manipulated.Navigation behavior and anxiety change during the simulated emergency.Racial discrimination is observed.Situational aspects of the emergency affect racial discrimination. Virtual environments are increasingly used for emergency training, but tend to focus mainly on teaching prescribed emergency procedures. However, social psychology literature highlights several factors that can bias individual Response to an emergency in the real world, and would be worth considering in virtual training systems. In this paper, we focus on withdrawal of help due to racial discrimination and explore the potential of virtual environments to trigger this bias in emergency situations. We also test if a virtual emergency is actually reacted to as an emergency. We use an immersive virtual environment (IVE) where a victim issues help requests during two different emergency situations (time pressure or fire). While experiencing the emergency, white participants (N=96) receive a request for help from a black or white virtual human. The results show a Psychological Response to the virtual experience consistent with an emergency situation (increased state anxiety and increased frequency of collisions with objects in the environment) and biased by racial discrimination in help provision. In addition, racial discrimination increases under time pressure, but not in a fire. The implications for virtual training are discussed.

A.g. Awad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Subjective Response to neuroleptics and outcome in schizophrenia: a re-examination comparing two measures.
    Psychological Medicine, 1992
    Co-Authors: T. P. Hogan, A.g. Awad
    Abstract:

    The schizophrenic patient's early Psychological Response to neuroleptic treatment has been demonstrated to be a significant predictor of treatment Response. The validity of the construct of subjective Response is evaluated by comparison of two measures. Fifty-five recently admitted and unmedicated schizophrenic patients were randomly allocated to chlorpromazine or haloperidol. Subjective Responses at 24 and 48 hours as assessed by two different scales, the Van Putten & May scale and the self-administered Drug Attitude Inventory, were strongly correlated with outcome at three weeks. Early emergence of extrapyramidal symptoms was not related to subjective Response, but dysphoric patients had a greater incidence of EPS by the end of treatment than did non-dysphoric patients. The two measures showed high concordance in identification of early drug dysphoria.

J M Bliss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • influence of Psychological Response on breast cancer survival 10 year follow up of a population based cohort
    European Journal of Cancer, 2005
    Co-Authors: M Watson, J Homewood, Jo Haviland, J M Bliss
    Abstract:

    The possibility that Psychological Response within a few weeks of a breast cancer diagnosis can influence the outcome of the disease is a contentious issue. Psychological Response, including helplessness/hopelessness, fighting spirit and depression was assessed in early-stage breast cancer patients between 1 and 3 months post-diagnosis, in order to ascertain effect on cancer prognosis. Patients were followed up for a period of 10 years in order to clarify the effect of Psychological Response on disease outcome. After 10 years, there is a continuing effect of helplessness/hopelessness on disease-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-2.11) but not of depression (adjusted HR for overall survival for 'cases' 2.43, 95% CI 0.97-6.10). Longer follow-up also indicates that a high fighting spirit confers no survival advantage. The results showed that, in patients who were disease-free at 5 years, their baseline helpless/hopeless Response still exerted a significant effect on disease-free survival beyond 5 (and up to 10) years. The effect is therefore maintained for up to 10 years of follow-up. Clinicians may wish to screen for helplessness around the time of diagnosis in order to target Psychological care resources. Further large studies, with similarly prolonged follow-up, are needed to replicate this effect and clarify its mechanism of action.

  • influence of Psychological Response on survival in breast cancer a population based cohort study
    The Lancet, 1999
    Co-Authors: M Watson, J S Haviland, Steven Greer, Janis Davidson, J M Bliss
    Abstract:

    Summary Background The Psychological Response to breast cancer, such as a fighting spirit or an attitude of helplessness and hopelessness toward the disease, has been suggested as a prognostic factor with an influence on survival. We have investigated the effect of Psychological Response on disease outcome in a large cohort of women with early-stage breast cancer. Methods 578 women with early-stage breast cancer were enrolled in a prospective survival study. Psychological Response was measured by the mental adjustment to cancer (MAC) scale, the Courtauld emotional control (CEC) scale, and the hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale 4–12 weeks and 12 months after diagnosis. The women were followed up for at least 5 years. Cox's proportional-hazards regression was used to obtain the hazard ratios for the measures of Psychological Response, with adjustment for known clinical factors associated with survival. Finding At 5 years, 395 women were alive and without relapse, 50 were alive with relapse, and 133 had died. There was a significantly increased risk of death from all causes by 5 years in women with a high score on the HAD scale category of depression (hazard ratio 3·59 [95% CI 1·39–9·24]). There was a significantly increased risk of relapse or death at 5 years in women with high scores on the helplessness and hopelessness category of the MAC scale compared with those with a low score in this category (1·55 [1·07–2·25]). There were no significant results found for the category of "fighting spirit". Interpretation For 5-year event-free survival a high helplessness/hopelessness score has a moderate but detrimental effect. A high score for depression is linked to a significantly reduced chance of survival; however, this result is based on a small number of patients and should be interpreted with caution.

Margot Putukian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the Psychological Response to injury in student athletes a narrative review with a focus on mental health
    British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016
    Co-Authors: Margot Putukian
    Abstract:

    Background Injury is a major stressor for athletes and one that can pose significant challenges. Student athletes must handle rigorous academic as well as athletic demands that require time as well as significant physical requirements. Trying to perform and succeed in the classroom and on the playing field has become more difficult as the demands and expectations have increased. If an athlete is injured, these stressors increase. Main thesis Stress is an important antecedent to injuries and can play a role in the Response to, rehabilitation and return to play after injury. The Psychological Response to injury can trigger and/or unmask mental health issues including depression and suicidal ideation, anxiety, disordered eating, and substance use/abuse. There are barriers to mental health treatment in athletes. They often consider seeking help as a sign of weakness, feeling that they should be able to ‘push through’ Psychological obstacles as they do physical ones. Athletes may not have developed healthy coping behaviours making Response to injury especially challenging. Purpose I discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the Psychological Response to injury and delineate resources necessary to direct the injured athlete to a mental health care provider if appropriate.

Mingjie Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • relations of covid 19 related stressors and social support with chinese college students Psychological Response during the covid 19 pandemic
    Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2020
    Co-Authors: Feifei Meng, Yitong Wang, Mingjie Zhou
    Abstract:

    This study examines the main and interactive relations of stressors and social support with Chinese college students' Psychological symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression) during the COVID-19 pandemic. All the constructs are assessed by self-report in an anonymous survey during the pandemic outbreak. The results show that the number of stressors has a positive relation with Psychological symptoms, and social support has a negative relation with Psychological symptoms. In addition, social support serves as a buffer against the negative impact of stressors. These findings hold implications for university counseling services during times of acute, large-scale stressors. Specifically, effective screening procedures should be developed to identify students who experience large number of stressors and provide suitable Psychological intervention for them.