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Thomas E. Joiner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceived burdensomeness thwarted belongingness and suicide ideation re examination of the interpersonal Psychological Theory in two samples
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2015Co-Authors: Ian Cero, Jessica D Ribeiro, Tracy K Witte, Kelly L Zuromski, Thomas E. JoinerAbstract:The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) proposes that suicide ideation is caused by the interaction of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, in which each predictor amplifies the harm of the other. Though several studies support this synergy hypothesis, research has not considered potential quadratic effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, which can distort the sign, size, and significance of interactions, if mistakenly neglected in a model. This investigation examined the synergy hypothesis in samples of university undergraduates and psychiatric inpatients, this time controlling for quadratic effects. Despite adequate power, results showed no interaction between perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in either sample, regardless of the presence of quadratic effects. Additionally, no quadratic effects were observed. The lower-order, linear perceived burdensomeness term was positively associated with suicide ideation in both samples, but the thwarted belongingness term was not associated with suicide ideation in either sample. The discussion considers implications of current findings for the IPTS, highlighting a need to formally test the impact of sample characteristics on the estimation of Theory parameters. Recommendations for systematic evaluation of such sample and Theory parameters are offered and their clinical implications are discussed.
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clarifying the role of emotion dysregulation in the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior in an undergraduate sample
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2011Co-Authors: Michael D Anestis, Matthew T Tull, Courtney L Bagge, Thomas E. JoinerAbstract:The interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior (IPTS; Joiner, 2005) has been subjected to a number of rigorous investigations and has shown to be a promising lens through which to understand suicide. One area thus far left unstudied with respect to the IPTS is emotion dysregulation. The bulk of the work examining the role of emotion dysregulation in suicidality has focused on suicidal ideation rather than behavior, with a number of studies reporting that emotion dysregulation is predictive of suicidal ideation (e.g., Lynch et al., 2004; Orbach et al., 2007). Studies examining suicide attempts have produced more ambiguous results. One way to clarify the nature of this relationship is to consider the construct of emotion dysregulation through an examination of specific subcomponents. In this study, we examined two specific components of emotion dysregulation - negative urgency and distress tolerance - and their relationships to all three components of the IPTS, thereby providing clarity for an otherwise poorly understood relationship. Results indicated that emotionally dysregulated individuals - those with low distress tolerance and high negative urgency - exhibited higher levels of suicidal desire, as indexed by perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. In contrast, emotionally dysregulated individuals exhibited lower levels of the acquired capability for suicide and physiological pain tolerance. As such, a complicated but theoretically cogent picture emerged indicating that, although emotion dysregulation may drastically increase the likelihood of suicidal desire, it simultaneously serves as a form protection against lethal self-harm.
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examining the role of emotion in suicidality negative urgency as an amplifier of the relationship between components of the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior and lifetime number of suicide attempts
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2011Co-Authors: Michael D Anestis, Thomas E. JoinerAbstract:Abstract Joiner's (2005) interpersonal–Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior posits that an individual must exhibit elevations on three variables – perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and the acquired capability for suicide – in order to enact lethal self-harm. Thus far, however, no research has examined the role of emotion in this process or whether the interaction of these three variables is more problematic for certain populations than for others. We sought to address these voids by examining the role of negative urgency as an amplifier of the relationship between the components of the Theory and lifetime number of suicide attempts. Results indicated that the four-way interaction of negative urgency and the three components of the Theory predicted lifetime number of suicide attempts, controlling for depression symptoms and sex. Additionally, the three-way interaction of the Theory components significantly predicted lifetime number of suicide attempts in the full sample. Furthermore, for individuals with negative urgency scores at or above the median, the three-way interaction of the Theory components significantly predicted lifetime number of suicide attempts whereas, for individuals with negative urgency scores below the median, the interaction was non-significant. These findings indicate that, although elevations on the three components of the Theory may be dangerous for anyone, this is particularly true for individuals exhibiting high levels of negative urgency, as they might be more likely to quickly develop suicidal ideation and resort to painful self-harming behaviors while experiencing negative affective states.
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a preliminary test of the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior in a military sample
Personality and Individual Differences, 2010Co-Authors: Craig J Bryan, Michael D Anestis, Chad E Morrow, Thomas E. JoinerAbstract:Abstract Suicide in the military is a growing concern. The interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior proposes that an individual will not die by suicide unless he or she experiences a combined disconnection from others, feelings that one is a burden on others, and the ability to do so, but this Theory has not yet been rigorously tested with military samples. The current study tested the Theory’s hypotheses in predicting history of suicide in a sample of 88 active duty US Air Force personnel, which was compared to a non-military undergraduate sample (n = 309) and a non-military clinical sample (n = 228). Active duty personnel demonstrated higher acquired capability when compared to a clinical non-military sample. As compared to non-military undergraduates, active duty personnel demonstrated less perceived burdensomeness, but did not differ in terms of thwarted belongingness. The interaction of burdensomeness and acquired capability significantly predicted suicidal history, but the three-way interaction between burdensomeness, belongingness, and acquired capability did not, providing partial support for the Theory in a military sample.
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the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior current status and future directions
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Jessica D Ribeiro, Thomas E. JoinerAbstract:The interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior (Joiner, 2005) holds that an individual will die by suicide if he or she has both the desire for suicide and capability to act on that desire. According to the Theory, suicidal desire results from the convergence of two interpersonal states: perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. However, desire alone is not sufficient to result in death by suicide--a third component must be present: the acquired capability for suicide, which develops from repeated exposure and habituation to painful and provocative events. The purpose of this article is to discuss four viable and timely directions for future research, given the current status of the Theory.
Michael D Anestis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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testing the main hypotheses of the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior in a large diverse sample of united states military personnel
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: Michael D Anestis, Lauren R Khazem, Richard S Mohn, Bradley A GreenAbstract:Background: Preliminary data indicate the suicide rate in the United States military decreased in 2013, but the National Guard saw a continued increase. Method: We examined the utility of the interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior (IPTS) in a sample of US military personnel drawn largely from the National Guard (n = 934; 77.7% male; 59.5% white). Results: Results indicated the interaction of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness predicted suicidal ideation and resolved plans and preparations for suicide. In each case, risk was greatest at higher levels of both predictors. Furthermore, results indicated the interaction of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability for suicide predicted prior suicide attempts. In this interaction term, the relationship between suicidal desire (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness) and suicide attempts was significant and positive only at high levels of acquired capability. All analyses were cross-sectional. Conclusions: Results indicate the IPTS may be useful for conceptualizing suicide risk in the National Guard. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Suicide in the military has been a growing concern that has garnered much attention from both the media and those involved in suicide prevention efforts. Recent research indicates that members of the military are significantly more likely to die by suicide during an attempt than are members of the general population, even when only considering methods other than self-inflicted gunshot wounds [1]. Since 2009, when the suicide rate in the military first eclipsed that of the general population [2,3], a trend of increasing military suicides has been observed, as suicides increased from 18.5 to 22.7 out of 100,000 active duty
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hope and the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior replication and extension of prior findings
Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 2014Co-Authors: Michael D Anestis, Fallon B Moberg, Randolph C ArnauAbstract:The interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior (IPTS; Joiner, 2005) posits that suicidal behavior occurs when an individual has a desire for death (due to the combination of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) in addition to an acquired capacity for suicide, which is present when the individual has a low fear of death and high pain tolerance. Previous research has demonstrated an expected negative relation between trait hope and perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, as well as a more perplexing finding that hope is positively associated with the acquired capability. In a sample of 230 college students, measures of the three components of the IPTS were administered, along with measures of hope, depression, and painful and/or provocative events. Hierarchical regression analyses replicated the previously found associations between hope and burdensomeness and belongingness while controlling for depression and demographic variables. The positive association between hope and acquired capacity was also replicated, but a mediation analysis demonstrated that the effect was statistically accounted for by distress tolerance. The results further support the incremental validity of hope as a consideration in suicide risk assessments and suggest that hope may serve as a protective factor with respect to suicidal desire.
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sleep disorders and the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicide independent pathways to suicidality
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Michael D Anestis, Michael R Nadorff, Sarra Nazem, Claire H Harris, Samuel E WinerAbstract:Background: Although sleep disorders are a risk factor for suicidal behavior little research has examined why sleep disorders confer suicide risk. The present study examined the relation between two sleep disorders, insomnia symptoms and nightmares, and suicide risk in the context of Joiner's interpersonal– Psychological Theory of suicide (IPTS). Methods: The present study utilized two large samples (N¼747 and 604) recruited from two large public universities in the Southeast. Both studies included measures of insomnia symptoms, nightmares, depressive symptoms, and prior suicide attempts. In addition, study one contained a measure of suicide risk. Results: In study 1, the relations between insomnia symptoms and both suicide risk and prior attempts were not significant after controlling for the IPTS. However, nightmares were related to both suicide risk and suicide attempts independent of the IPTS. Furthermore, nightmares nearly missed significance in the prediction of suicide risk (p¼0.054) and significantly predicted suicide attempts even after controlling for depressive symptoms. In study 2, both insomnia and nightmares were found to be significantly associated with prior suicide attempts after controlling for the IPTS and depressive symptoms. Limitations: The study is limited by its use of a college sample and cross-sectional design. Conclusions: These studies suggest that the IPTS may not explain the relation between sleep problems and suicidality. More research is needed to understand the mechanism by which sleep disorders confer suicide risk, which is clinically relevant as it may inform specific interventions to reduce the adverse effects of sleep disorders.
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reexperiencing symptoms and the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior among deployed service members evaluated for traumatic brain injury
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2011Co-Authors: Craig J Bryan, Michael D AnestisAbstract:Recent evidence suggests that military suicide rates now exceed those of the general public. Numerous recent efforts to address this growing concern have focused on the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior (IPTS). In the current study, we explored the relationships among reexperiencing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and the three components of the IPTS in a sample of deployed military personnel examined for traumatic brain injury. Results indicated that reexperiencing symptoms were directly related to the acquired capability for suicide, but their relationships to perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness were statistically explained by general mental health distress. Results indicate that mental rehearsal of painful and provocative experiences may have an impact on suicide risk. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1-10, 2011. Language: en
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clarifying the role of emotion dysregulation in the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior in an undergraduate sample
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2011Co-Authors: Michael D Anestis, Matthew T Tull, Courtney L Bagge, Thomas E. JoinerAbstract:The interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior (IPTS; Joiner, 2005) has been subjected to a number of rigorous investigations and has shown to be a promising lens through which to understand suicide. One area thus far left unstudied with respect to the IPTS is emotion dysregulation. The bulk of the work examining the role of emotion dysregulation in suicidality has focused on suicidal ideation rather than behavior, with a number of studies reporting that emotion dysregulation is predictive of suicidal ideation (e.g., Lynch et al., 2004; Orbach et al., 2007). Studies examining suicide attempts have produced more ambiguous results. One way to clarify the nature of this relationship is to consider the construct of emotion dysregulation through an examination of specific subcomponents. In this study, we examined two specific components of emotion dysregulation - negative urgency and distress tolerance - and their relationships to all three components of the IPTS, thereby providing clarity for an otherwise poorly understood relationship. Results indicated that emotionally dysregulated individuals - those with low distress tolerance and high negative urgency - exhibited higher levels of suicidal desire, as indexed by perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. In contrast, emotionally dysregulated individuals exhibited lower levels of the acquired capability for suicide and physiological pain tolerance. As such, a complicated but theoretically cogent picture emerged indicating that, although emotion dysregulation may drastically increase the likelihood of suicidal desire, it simultaneously serves as a form protection against lethal self-harm.
Craig J Bryan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mechanisms of action contributing to reductions in suicide attempts following brief cognitive behavioral therapy for military personnel a test of the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicide
Archives of Suicide Research, 2018Co-Authors: Craig J Bryan, David S Wood, Alan L Peterson, Evelyn Wertenberger, Alexis M May, David M RuddAbstract:Brief cognitive behavioral therapy (BCBT) is associated with significant reductions in suicide attempts among military personnel. However, the underlying mechanisms of action contributing to reductions in suicide attempts in effective Psychological treatments remain largely unknown. The present study conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of BCBT versus treatment as usual (TAU) to examine the mechanisms of action hypothesized by the interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicide (IPT): perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and fearlessness about death. In a sample of 152 active duty U.S. Army personnel with recent suicide ideation or attempts, there were significantly fewer suicide attempts in BCBT, but there were no differences between treatment groups from baseline to 6 months postbaseline on any of the 3 IPT constructs or their interactions. Tests of the moderated mediation failed to support an indirect effect for the IPT model, regardless of which IPT variables were specified as mediators or moderators. Results suggest that the IPT's hypothesized mechanisms of action do not account for reductions in suicide attempts in BCBT. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed.
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mechanisms of action contributing to reductions in suicide attempts following brief cognitive behavioral therapy for military personnel a test of the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicide
Archives of Suicide Research, 2018Co-Authors: Craig J Bryan, David S Wood, Alan L Peterson, Evelyn Wertenberger, David M RuddAbstract:Brief cognitive behavioral therapy (BCBT) is associated with significant reductions in suicide attempts among military personnel. However, the underlying mechanisms of action contributing to reductions in suicide attempts in effective Psychological treatments remain largely unknown. The present study conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of BCBT versus treatment as usual (TAU) to examine the mechanisms of action hypothesized by the interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicide (IPT): perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and fearlessness about death. In a sample of 152 active duty U.S. Army personnel with recent suicide ideation or attempts, there were significantly fewer suicide attempts in BCBT, but there were no differences between treatment groups from baseline to 6 months postbaseline on any of the 3 IPT constructs or their interactions. Tests of the moderated mediation failed to support an indirect effect for the IPT model, regardless of which IPT variables were...
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do military personnel acquire the capability for suicide from combat a test of the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicide
Clinical psychological science, 2016Co-Authors: Craig J Bryan, Sungchoon Sinclair, Elizabeth A HeronAbstract:The interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicide has been the focus of considerable empirical investigation over the past decade. However, little research has focused on the Theory’s proposition that the capability for suicide is “acquired” as a consequence of exposure to painful and provocative experiences such as violence, aggression, and trauma. To determine if capability for suicide is “acquired” over time, we conducted a prospective study of 168 military personnel deployed to Iraq. Capability scores remained stable over the course of 2 years from pre- to postdeployment, even among military personnel reporting high combat exposure. Significant positive correlations among capability and combat exposure were comparable both before and after deployment. These findings suggest that capability for suicide was not “acquired” following combat exposure in this sample of military personnel. Capability was, instead, a stable construct.
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reexperiencing symptoms and the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior among deployed service members evaluated for traumatic brain injury
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2011Co-Authors: Craig J Bryan, Michael D AnestisAbstract:Recent evidence suggests that military suicide rates now exceed those of the general public. Numerous recent efforts to address this growing concern have focused on the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior (IPTS). In the current study, we explored the relationships among reexperiencing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and the three components of the IPTS in a sample of deployed military personnel examined for traumatic brain injury. Results indicated that reexperiencing symptoms were directly related to the acquired capability for suicide, but their relationships to perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness were statistically explained by general mental health distress. Results indicate that mental rehearsal of painful and provocative experiences may have an impact on suicide risk. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1-10, 2011. Language: en
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overcoming the fear of lethal injury evaluating suicidal behavior in the military through the lens of the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicide
Clinical Psychology Review, 2010Co-Authors: Edward A Selby, Michael D Anestis, Theodore W Bender, Craig J Bryan, Jessica D Ribeiro, David M Rudd, Matthew K Nock, Ingrid C Lim, Monty T Baker, Peter M GutierrezAbstract:Suicide rates have been increasing in military personnel since the start of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, and it is vital that efforts be made to advance suicide risk assessment techniques and treatment for members of the military who may be experiencing suicidal symptoms. One potential way to advance the understanding of suicide in the military is through the use of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide. This Theory proposes that three necessary factors are needed to complete suicide: feelings that one does not belong with other people, feelings that one is a burden on others or society, and an acquired capability to overcome the fear and pain associated with suicide. This review analyzes the various ways that military service may influence suicidal behavior and integrates these findings into an overall framework with relevant practical implications. Findings suggest that although there are many important factors in military suicide, the acquired capability may be the most impacted by military experience because combat exposure and training may cause habituation to fear of painful experiences, including suicide. Future research directions, ways to enhance risk assessment, and treatment implications are also discussed.
David M Rudd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mechanisms of action contributing to reductions in suicide attempts following brief cognitive behavioral therapy for military personnel a test of the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicide
Archives of Suicide Research, 2018Co-Authors: Craig J Bryan, David S Wood, Alan L Peterson, Evelyn Wertenberger, David M RuddAbstract:Brief cognitive behavioral therapy (BCBT) is associated with significant reductions in suicide attempts among military personnel. However, the underlying mechanisms of action contributing to reductions in suicide attempts in effective Psychological treatments remain largely unknown. The present study conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of BCBT versus treatment as usual (TAU) to examine the mechanisms of action hypothesized by the interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicide (IPT): perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and fearlessness about death. In a sample of 152 active duty U.S. Army personnel with recent suicide ideation or attempts, there were significantly fewer suicide attempts in BCBT, but there were no differences between treatment groups from baseline to 6 months postbaseline on any of the 3 IPT constructs or their interactions. Tests of the moderated mediation failed to support an indirect effect for the IPT model, regardless of which IPT variables were...
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mechanisms of action contributing to reductions in suicide attempts following brief cognitive behavioral therapy for military personnel a test of the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicide
Archives of Suicide Research, 2018Co-Authors: Craig J Bryan, David S Wood, Alan L Peterson, Evelyn Wertenberger, Alexis M May, David M RuddAbstract:Brief cognitive behavioral therapy (BCBT) is associated with significant reductions in suicide attempts among military personnel. However, the underlying mechanisms of action contributing to reductions in suicide attempts in effective Psychological treatments remain largely unknown. The present study conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of BCBT versus treatment as usual (TAU) to examine the mechanisms of action hypothesized by the interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicide (IPT): perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and fearlessness about death. In a sample of 152 active duty U.S. Army personnel with recent suicide ideation or attempts, there were significantly fewer suicide attempts in BCBT, but there were no differences between treatment groups from baseline to 6 months postbaseline on any of the 3 IPT constructs or their interactions. Tests of the moderated mediation failed to support an indirect effect for the IPT model, regardless of which IPT variables were specified as mediators or moderators. Results suggest that the IPT's hypothesized mechanisms of action do not account for reductions in suicide attempts in BCBT. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed.
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overcoming the fear of lethal injury evaluating suicidal behavior in the military through the lens of the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicide
Clinical Psychology Review, 2010Co-Authors: Edward A Selby, Michael D Anestis, Theodore W Bender, Craig J Bryan, Jessica D Ribeiro, David M Rudd, Matthew K Nock, Ingrid C Lim, Monty T Baker, Peter M GutierrezAbstract:Suicide rates have been increasing in military personnel since the start of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, and it is vital that efforts be made to advance suicide risk assessment techniques and treatment for members of the military who may be experiencing suicidal symptoms. One potential way to advance the understanding of suicide in the military is through the use of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide. This Theory proposes that three necessary factors are needed to complete suicide: feelings that one does not belong with other people, feelings that one is a burden on others or society, and an acquired capability to overcome the fear and pain associated with suicide. This review analyzes the various ways that military service may influence suicidal behavior and integrates these findings into an overall framework with relevant practical implications. Findings suggest that although there are many important factors in military suicide, the acquired capability may be the most impacted by military experience because combat exposure and training may cause habituation to fear of painful experiences, including suicide. Future research directions, ways to enhance risk assessment, and treatment implications are also discussed.
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main predictions of the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior empirical tests in two samples of young adults
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Thomas E. Joiner, Kimberly A Van Orden, Tracy K Witte, Edward A Selby, Jessica D Ribeiro, Robyn Lewis, David M RuddAbstract:The interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior (Joiner, 2005) makes two overarching predictions: 1) that perceptions of burdening others and of social alienation combine to instill the desire for death; and 2) that individuals will not act on the desire for death unless they have developed the capability to do so – a capability that develops through exposure and thus habituation to painful and/or fearsome experiences, and which is posited by the Theory to be necessary to overcome powerful self-preservation pressures. Two studies test these predictions. In Study 1, the interaction of (low) family social support (cf. social alienation or low belonging) and feeling like one does not matter (cf. perceived burdensomeness) predicted current suicidal ideation, beyond depression indices. In Study 2, the three-way interaction between a measure of low belonging, a measure of perceived burdensomeness, and lifetime number of suicide attempts (viewed as a strong predictor of the level of acquired capability for suicide) predicted current suicide attempt (vs. ideation) among a clinical sample of suicidal young adults, again beyond depression indices and other key covariates. Implications for the understanding, treatment, and prevention of suicidal behavior are discussed.
Jessica D Ribeiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceived burdensomeness thwarted belongingness and suicide ideation re examination of the interpersonal Psychological Theory in two samples
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2015Co-Authors: Ian Cero, Jessica D Ribeiro, Tracy K Witte, Kelly L Zuromski, Thomas E. JoinerAbstract:The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) proposes that suicide ideation is caused by the interaction of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, in which each predictor amplifies the harm of the other. Though several studies support this synergy hypothesis, research has not considered potential quadratic effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, which can distort the sign, size, and significance of interactions, if mistakenly neglected in a model. This investigation examined the synergy hypothesis in samples of university undergraduates and psychiatric inpatients, this time controlling for quadratic effects. Despite adequate power, results showed no interaction between perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in either sample, regardless of the presence of quadratic effects. Additionally, no quadratic effects were observed. The lower-order, linear perceived burdensomeness term was positively associated with suicide ideation in both samples, but the thwarted belongingness term was not associated with suicide ideation in either sample. The discussion considers implications of current findings for the IPTS, highlighting a need to formally test the impact of sample characteristics on the estimation of Theory parameters. Recommendations for systematic evaluation of such sample and Theory parameters are offered and their clinical implications are discussed.
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overcoming the fear of lethal injury evaluating suicidal behavior in the military through the lens of the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicide
Clinical Psychology Review, 2010Co-Authors: Edward A Selby, Michael D Anestis, Theodore W Bender, Craig J Bryan, Jessica D Ribeiro, David M Rudd, Matthew K Nock, Ingrid C Lim, Monty T Baker, Peter M GutierrezAbstract:Suicide rates have been increasing in military personnel since the start of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, and it is vital that efforts be made to advance suicide risk assessment techniques and treatment for members of the military who may be experiencing suicidal symptoms. One potential way to advance the understanding of suicide in the military is through the use of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide. This Theory proposes that three necessary factors are needed to complete suicide: feelings that one does not belong with other people, feelings that one is a burden on others or society, and an acquired capability to overcome the fear and pain associated with suicide. This review analyzes the various ways that military service may influence suicidal behavior and integrates these findings into an overall framework with relevant practical implications. Findings suggest that although there are many important factors in military suicide, the acquired capability may be the most impacted by military experience because combat exposure and training may cause habituation to fear of painful experiences, including suicide. Future research directions, ways to enhance risk assessment, and treatment implications are also discussed.
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the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior current status and future directions
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Jessica D Ribeiro, Thomas E. JoinerAbstract:The interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior (Joiner, 2005) holds that an individual will die by suicide if he or she has both the desire for suicide and capability to act on that desire. According to the Theory, suicidal desire results from the convergence of two interpersonal states: perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. However, desire alone is not sufficient to result in death by suicide--a third component must be present: the acquired capability for suicide, which develops from repeated exposure and habituation to painful and provocative events. The purpose of this article is to discuss four viable and timely directions for future research, given the current status of the Theory.
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main predictions of the interpersonal Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior empirical tests in two samples of young adults
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Thomas E. Joiner, Kimberly A Van Orden, Tracy K Witte, Edward A Selby, Jessica D Ribeiro, Robyn Lewis, David M RuddAbstract:The interpersonal-Psychological Theory of suicidal behavior (Joiner, 2005) makes two overarching predictions: 1) that perceptions of burdening others and of social alienation combine to instill the desire for death; and 2) that individuals will not act on the desire for death unless they have developed the capability to do so – a capability that develops through exposure and thus habituation to painful and/or fearsome experiences, and which is posited by the Theory to be necessary to overcome powerful self-preservation pressures. Two studies test these predictions. In Study 1, the interaction of (low) family social support (cf. social alienation or low belonging) and feeling like one does not matter (cf. perceived burdensomeness) predicted current suicidal ideation, beyond depression indices. In Study 2, the three-way interaction between a measure of low belonging, a measure of perceived burdensomeness, and lifetime number of suicide attempts (viewed as a strong predictor of the level of acquired capability for suicide) predicted current suicide attempt (vs. ideation) among a clinical sample of suicidal young adults, again beyond depression indices and other key covariates. Implications for the understanding, treatment, and prevention of suicidal behavior are discussed.