Pteromalidae

14,000,000 Leading Edge Experts on the ideXlab platform

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

P. M. Sureshan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

K. Nikhil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Lars Vilhelmsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Phylogenetic implications of the mesosomal skeleton in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera, Apocrita) – tree searches in a jungle of homoplasy
    Invertebrate Systematics, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lars Krogmann, Lars Vilhelmsen
    Abstract:

    Results from a comparative anatomical study of the mesosomal skeleton of Chalcidoidea are presented. External and internal features are described and illustrated for 39 chalcidoid taxa, representing 16 families and 29 subfamilies. This is the most comprehensive morphological study ever conducted for the superfamily. The mesosoma was dissected, macerated and investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The mesothorax and metathorax contributed most of the phylogenetically relevant information. The metafurca is highly variable within Chalcidoidea but seems to be relatively constant at the subfamily level. One hundred and fifty-four morphological characters were scored and analysed cladistically. Outgroup species were chosen from six apocritan superfamilies: Stephanoidea, Ceraphronoidea, Cynipoidea, Platygastroidea, Proctotrupoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Some previously suggested chalcidoid relationships were retrieved: (1) Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae + Miscogasterinae + Panstenoninae; (2) Perilampidae + Eucharitidae; (3) Chalcididae + Leucospidae + Eurytomidae; (4) Eulophidae: Eulophinae + Tetrastichinae + Entedoninae; and (5) Eupelmidae + Encyrtidae. Mymarommatoidea renders Chalcidoidea paraphyletic in our analyses; however, the taxon sample is too restricted to provide a robust hypothesis. Three previously unreported putative autapomorphies of Chalcidoidea were revealed: (1) presence of an exposed, triangular or diamond-shaped prosternum; (2) presence of a percurrent mesopleural sulcus anteriorly terminating in the acropleuron; and (3) presence of paired metapectal plates lateral to the metafurca.

  • phylogenetic implications of the mesosomal skeleton in chalcidoidea hymenoptera apocrita tree searches in a jungle of homoplasy
    Invertebrate Systematics, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lars Krogmann, Lars Vilhelmsen
    Abstract:

    Results from a comparative anatomical study of the mesosomal skeleton of Chalcidoidea are presented. External and internal features are described and illustrated for 39 chalcidoid taxa, representing 16 families and 29 subfamilies. This is the most comprehensive morphological study ever conducted for the superfamily. The mesosoma was dissected, macerated and investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The mesothorax and metathorax contributed most of the phylogenetically relevant information. The metafurca is highly variable within Chalcidoidea but seems to be relatively constant at the subfamily level. One hundred and fifty-four morphological characters were scored and analysed cladistically. Outgroup species were chosen from six apocritan superfamilies: Stephanoidea, Ceraphronoidea, Cynipoidea, Platygastroidea, Proctotrupoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Some previously suggested chalcidoid relationships were retrieved: (1) Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae + Miscogasterinae + Panstenoninae; (2) Perilampidae + Eucharitidae; (3) Chalcididae + Leucospidae + Eurytomidae; (4) Eulophidae: Eulophinae + Tetrastichinae + Entedoninae; and (5) Eupelmidae + Encyrtidae. Mymarommatoidea renders Chalcidoidea paraphyletic in our analyses; however, the taxon sample is too restricted to provide a robust hypothesis. Three previously unreported putative autapomorphies of Chalcidoidea were revealed: (1) presence of an exposed, triangular or diamond-shaped prosternum; (2) presence of a percurrent mesopleural sulcus anteriorly terminating in the acropleuron; and (3) presence of paired metapectal plates lateral to the metafurca.

  • phylogenetic implications of the mesosomal skeleton in chalcidoidea hymenoptera apocrita tree searches in a jungle of homoplasy
    Invertebrate Systematics, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lars Krogmann, Lars Vilhelmsen
    Abstract:

    Results from a comparative anatomical study of the mesosomal skeleton of Chalcidoidea are presented. External and internal features are described and illustrated for 39 chalcidoid taxa, representing 16 families and 29 subfamilies. This is the most comprehensive morphological study ever conducted for the superfamily. The mesosoma was dissected, macerated and investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The mesothorax and metathorax contributed most of the phylogenetically relevant information. The metafurca is highly variable within Chalcidoidea but seems to be relatively constant at the subfamily level. One hundred and fifty-four morphological characters were scored and analysed cladistically. Outgroup species were chosen from six apocritan superfamilies: Stephanoidea, Ceraphronoidea, Cynipoidea, Platygastroidea, Proctotrupoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Some previously suggested chalcidoid relationships were retrieved: (1) Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae + Miscogasterinae + Panstenoninae; (2) Perilampidae + Eucharitidae; (3) Chalcididae + Leucospidae + Eurytomidae; (4) Eulophidae: Eulophinae + Tetrastichinae + Entedoninae; and (5) Eupelmidae + Encyrtidae. Mymarommatoidea renders Chalcidoidea paraphyletic in our analyses; however, the taxon sample is too restricted to provide a robust hypothesis. Three previously unreported putative autapomorphies of Chalcidoidea were revealed: (1) presence of an exposed, triangular or diamond-shaped prosternum; (2) presence of a percurrent mesopleural sulcus anteriorly terminating in the acropleuron; and (3) presence of paired metapectal plates lateral to the metafurca.

T. C. Narendran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Lars Krogmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Doddifoenus wallacei , a new giant parasitoid wasp of the subfamily Leptofoeninae (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), with a description of its mesosomal skeletal anatomy and a molecular characterization
    Zootaxa, 2009
    Co-Authors: Lars Krogmann, Roger A. Burks
    Abstract:

    A third species of Doddifoenus Boucek (Pteromalidae: Leptofoeninae), is described from Laos and Thailand. Doddifoenus wallacei sp. n. is the first species of the genus occurring west of Wallace’s Line, and with a body length of up to 4.2 cm it is among the longest known of any chalcidoid wasp. A differential key and distribution map for the world species of Doddifoenus are given. A detailed description of the mesosoma, including external and internal features, and molecular data (D2-D5 fragments of the 28S gene) are provided to facilitate future phylogenetic analyses. The phylogenetic placement of Leptofoeninae is briefly discussed, especially with respect to the pteromalid subfamilies Pteromalinae and Cleonyminae.

  • Phylogenetic implications of the mesosomal skeleton in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera, Apocrita) – tree searches in a jungle of homoplasy
    Invertebrate Systematics, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lars Krogmann, Lars Vilhelmsen
    Abstract:

    Results from a comparative anatomical study of the mesosomal skeleton of Chalcidoidea are presented. External and internal features are described and illustrated for 39 chalcidoid taxa, representing 16 families and 29 subfamilies. This is the most comprehensive morphological study ever conducted for the superfamily. The mesosoma was dissected, macerated and investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The mesothorax and metathorax contributed most of the phylogenetically relevant information. The metafurca is highly variable within Chalcidoidea but seems to be relatively constant at the subfamily level. One hundred and fifty-four morphological characters were scored and analysed cladistically. Outgroup species were chosen from six apocritan superfamilies: Stephanoidea, Ceraphronoidea, Cynipoidea, Platygastroidea, Proctotrupoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Some previously suggested chalcidoid relationships were retrieved: (1) Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae + Miscogasterinae + Panstenoninae; (2) Perilampidae + Eucharitidae; (3) Chalcididae + Leucospidae + Eurytomidae; (4) Eulophidae: Eulophinae + Tetrastichinae + Entedoninae; and (5) Eupelmidae + Encyrtidae. Mymarommatoidea renders Chalcidoidea paraphyletic in our analyses; however, the taxon sample is too restricted to provide a robust hypothesis. Three previously unreported putative autapomorphies of Chalcidoidea were revealed: (1) presence of an exposed, triangular or diamond-shaped prosternum; (2) presence of a percurrent mesopleural sulcus anteriorly terminating in the acropleuron; and (3) presence of paired metapectal plates lateral to the metafurca.

  • phylogenetic implications of the mesosomal skeleton in chalcidoidea hymenoptera apocrita tree searches in a jungle of homoplasy
    Invertebrate Systematics, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lars Krogmann, Lars Vilhelmsen
    Abstract:

    Results from a comparative anatomical study of the mesosomal skeleton of Chalcidoidea are presented. External and internal features are described and illustrated for 39 chalcidoid taxa, representing 16 families and 29 subfamilies. This is the most comprehensive morphological study ever conducted for the superfamily. The mesosoma was dissected, macerated and investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The mesothorax and metathorax contributed most of the phylogenetically relevant information. The metafurca is highly variable within Chalcidoidea but seems to be relatively constant at the subfamily level. One hundred and fifty-four morphological characters were scored and analysed cladistically. Outgroup species were chosen from six apocritan superfamilies: Stephanoidea, Ceraphronoidea, Cynipoidea, Platygastroidea, Proctotrupoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Some previously suggested chalcidoid relationships were retrieved: (1) Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae + Miscogasterinae + Panstenoninae; (2) Perilampidae + Eucharitidae; (3) Chalcididae + Leucospidae + Eurytomidae; (4) Eulophidae: Eulophinae + Tetrastichinae + Entedoninae; and (5) Eupelmidae + Encyrtidae. Mymarommatoidea renders Chalcidoidea paraphyletic in our analyses; however, the taxon sample is too restricted to provide a robust hypothesis. Three previously unreported putative autapomorphies of Chalcidoidea were revealed: (1) presence of an exposed, triangular or diamond-shaped prosternum; (2) presence of a percurrent mesopleural sulcus anteriorly terminating in the acropleuron; and (3) presence of paired metapectal plates lateral to the metafurca.

  • phylogenetic implications of the mesosomal skeleton in chalcidoidea hymenoptera apocrita tree searches in a jungle of homoplasy
    Invertebrate Systematics, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lars Krogmann, Lars Vilhelmsen
    Abstract:

    Results from a comparative anatomical study of the mesosomal skeleton of Chalcidoidea are presented. External and internal features are described and illustrated for 39 chalcidoid taxa, representing 16 families and 29 subfamilies. This is the most comprehensive morphological study ever conducted for the superfamily. The mesosoma was dissected, macerated and investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The mesothorax and metathorax contributed most of the phylogenetically relevant information. The metafurca is highly variable within Chalcidoidea but seems to be relatively constant at the subfamily level. One hundred and fifty-four morphological characters were scored and analysed cladistically. Outgroup species were chosen from six apocritan superfamilies: Stephanoidea, Ceraphronoidea, Cynipoidea, Platygastroidea, Proctotrupoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Some previously suggested chalcidoid relationships were retrieved: (1) Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae + Miscogasterinae + Panstenoninae; (2) Perilampidae + Eucharitidae; (3) Chalcididae + Leucospidae + Eurytomidae; (4) Eulophidae: Eulophinae + Tetrastichinae + Entedoninae; and (5) Eupelmidae + Encyrtidae. Mymarommatoidea renders Chalcidoidea paraphyletic in our analyses; however, the taxon sample is too restricted to provide a robust hypothesis. Three previously unreported putative autapomorphies of Chalcidoidea were revealed: (1) presence of an exposed, triangular or diamond-shaped prosternum; (2) presence of a percurrent mesopleural sulcus anteriorly terminating in the acropleuron; and (3) presence of paired metapectal plates lateral to the metafurca.

  • molekulargenetische und morphologische untersuchungen zur systematischen stellung der Pteromalidae innerhalb der chalcidoidea hymenoptera apocrita
    2005
    Co-Authors: Lars Krogmann
    Abstract:

    Erzwespen (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) bilden mit uber 22.000 beschriebenen Arten ein unuberschaubar groses Taxon mit unklarer Phylogenie. Die Chalcidoidea beinhalten winzige Arten (durchschnittliche Korperlange: 1-2 mm), die uberwiegend als Parasitoide von anderen Insekten leben. Die zunehmende okonomische Bedeutung dieser Gruppen im biologischen Pflanzen- und Vorratsschutz macht ihre systematische Bearbeitung notwendig. Die Pteromalidae gelten als undefinierte Restgruppe, die ubrig geblieben ist, nachdem die distinkten Gruppen der Chalcidoidea als Familien klassifiziert worden waren. Demnach ware die Frage nach der Phylogenie der Chalcidoidea untrennbar mit der Aufklarung der phylogenetischen Beziehungen innerhalb der Pteromalidae verbunden. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Hypothese, nach der es sich bei den Pteromalidae um eine kunstliche Gruppe handeln soll, mit molekulargenetischen und morphologischen Methoden uberpruft. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wurden molekulare Analysen zur Rekonstruktion der phylogenetischen Beziehungen von 14 Arten der Pteromalidae (Pteromalinae, Miscogasterinae, Panstenoninae, Asaphinae, Ormocerinae und Spalangiinae) sowie neun Arten aus Mymaridae, Torymidae, Eurytomidae und Ormyridae durchgefuhrt basierend auf 28S D2 rDNA Sequenzdaten. Die Genfragmente wurden nach PCR Amplifikationen erhalten und mit ClustalW aligniert. Der Datensatz beinhaltet fur die Chalcidoidea und die Ausengruppen aus Ceraphronoidea und Proctotrupoidea insgesamt 458 Positionen, von denen 312 variabel (68,1 %) und 146 konstant (31,9 %) sind. 219 Charaktere sind parsimony-informativ (47,8 %). Nach Neighbor-Joining und Maximum-Parsimony Analysen erscheinen die untersuchten Pteromalidae als polyphyletische Gruppe. Die untersuchten Pteromalidae aus den Unterfamilien Pteromalinae, Miscogasterinae, Panstenoninae, Asaphinae und Ormocerinae zeigen ein engeres Verwandtschaftsverhaltnis zu den Vertretern aus Eurytomidae, Torymidae und Ormyridae als zu Spalangia nigripes (Pteromalidae: Spalangiinae), was mit hohen Bootstrap-Werten gestutzt wird (>93). Die Arten aus Pteromalinae, Miscogasterinae und Panstenoninae bilden zusammen ein Monophylum. Asaphes vulgaris (Asaphinae) bildet zusammen mit Ormyrus sp. (Ormyridae) eine Gruppe. Die Position von Trichilogaster sp. (Ormocerinae) bleibt offen. Da die Phylogenie der Pteromalidae nicht unabhangig von den anderen Familien der Chalcidoidea untersucht werden kann, wird in einem zweiten Teil der Arbeit mit morphologischen Daten ein Beitrag zur Systematik der gesamten Uberfamilie geleistet. In einer umfassenden, vergleichend-anatomischen Untersuchung werden die exo- und endoskelettalen Bestandteile des Mesosomas (Thorax + 1. Abdominalsegment) beschrieben. Das Mesosoma von insgesamt 35 Arten aus sieben Unterfamilien der Pteromalidae und 14 weiteren Familien der Chalcidoidea wurde dafur seziert, anschliesend mazeriert und mit dem Rasterelektronenmikroskop untersucht. Eine Art der Mymarommatoidea, der moglichen Schwestergruppe der Chalcidoidea, wurde in die Untersuchungen miteinbezogen. Die Merkmalsverteilung der mesosomalen Strukturen wird fur die Chalcidoidea phylogenetisch ausgewertet und zur Uberprufung der bestehenden Konzepte zur Klassifizierung der einzelnen Gruppen verwendet. Der stark reduzierte Metathorax weist dabei eine uberraschend hohe Anzahl phylogenetisch relevanter Merkmale auf. Die bisher weitgehend unbeschriebene Metafurca zeigt von den drei Furcastrukturen (Pro-, Meso- und Metafurca) die groste Variation innerhalb der Chalcidoidea. Ausgehend von den vermutlich plesiomorphen metafurcalen Strukturen der Torymidae werden mogliche Transformationsserien zu einigen Unterfamilien der Pteromalidae (Cleonyminae, Asaphinae, Pteromalinae und Miscogasterinae) sowie Eurytomidae und Chalcididae aufgezeigt. Auf der Grundlage der morphologischen Ergebnisse werden fur die untersuchten Gruppen der Chalcidoidea zahlreiche potentielle Synapomorphien vorgeschlagen und diskutiert. Innerhalb der Pteromalidae konnen fur die zentrale Unterfamilie Pteromalinae keine autapomorphen Merkmale beschrieben werden, so dass diese Gruppe weiter undefiniert bleibt. Dagegen ist das Mesosoma von Spalangia nigripes (Spalangiinae) einerseits durch eine Vielzahl von vermutlich plesiomorphen Merkmalen gekennzeichnet, weist aber auch eine sehr hohe Anzahl abgeleiteter Strukturen auf, in denen es sich von den anderen untersuchten Unterfamilien der Pteromalidae unterscheidet. Damit lasst sich die lange stammesgeschichtliche Trennung zwischen S. nigripes und den ubrigen Pteromalidae, die in den molekularen Analysen deutlich geworden ist, auch an morphologischen Strukturen nachvollziehen. Auf der Grundlage der molekularen und morphologischen Ergebnisse dieser Studie werden Vorschlage zur kunftigen Klassifizierung von Spalangiinae und Pteromalidae gemacht und Ansatze fur weitere phylogenetische Studien innerhalb der Chalcidoidea aufgezeigt. Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) represent a huge insect taxon with more than 22.000 described species and an uncertain internal phylogeny. The superfamily includes tiny wasps (average body size: 1-2 mm), most of them parasitoids of other insects. Detailed systematic studies are urgently required as the significance of chalcidoid wasps as biological control agents of insect pests is increasing worldwide. Pteromalidae are considered an undefined sampling ground within Chalcidoidea that remained after the distinct groups of Chalcidoidea had been classified as families. Accordingly the internal phylogeny of Chalcidoidea would be inseparable from the phylogenetic relationships within Pteromalidae. The present work comprises molecular and morphological approaches to the phylogeny of Pteromalidae. In a molecular approach the phylogenetic relationships between 14 species of Pteromalidae (Pteromalinae, Miscogasterinae, Panstenoninae, Asaphinae, Ormocerinae und Spalangiinae) and 9 representatives of Mymaridae, Torymidae, Eurytomidae and Ormyridae are reconstructed based on 28S D2 rDNA sequence data. The gene fragments were obtained by PCR amplification and aligned with ClustalW. The dataset for Chalcidoidea and outgroups (Ceraphronoidea and Proctotrupoidea) comprises 458 positions in total, of which 312 are variable (68,1 %) and 146 constant (31,9 %). 219 characters are parsimony-informative (47,8 %). In neighbor-joining und maximum-parsimony analyses Pteromalidae are shown to be polyphyletic. The species of the pteromalid subfamilies Pteromalinae, Miscogasterinae, Panstenoninae, Asaphinae and Ormocerinae show a closer relationship to the representatives of Eurytomidae, Torymidae and Ormyridae than to Spalangia nigripes (Pteromalidae: Spalangiinae) which is supported by high bootstrap-values (> 93). The representatives of Pteromalinae, Miscogasterinae and Panstenoninae form a monophyletic group. In the molecular analyses Asaphes vulgaris (Pteromalidae: Asaphinae) and Ormyrus sp. (Ormyridae) form a common cluster. The position of Trichilogaster sp. (Pteromalidae: Ormocerinae) remains uncertain. The molecular results strongly indicate that the phylogeny of Pteromalidae cannot be investigated without including further groups of Chalcidoidea. The second, morphology-based approach of this work therefore addresses the systematics of the whole superfamily. In a comparative anatomical study the external and internal structures of the mesosomal skeleton are described. The mesosoma was macerated and investigated by SEM for 35 species of Chalcidoidea from seven subfamilies of Pteromalidae and 14 further chalcidoid families. A species of Mymarommatoidea, the possible sister group of Chalcidoidea, was also investigated. The character distributions of the mesosomal structures is evaluated phylogenetically and used to test the current classification of the various chalcidoid groups. The reduced metathorax constitutes a surprisingly rich source of phylogenetically relevant information. From all furcal structures (pro-, meso- and metafurca) the hitherto largely undescribed metafurca shows the highest degree of variation within Chalcidoidea. Based on the possible plesiomorphic condition of the metafurca in Torymidae a transformation series is proposed leading to Eurytomidae, Chalcididae and several subfamilies of Pteromalidae (Cleonyminae, Asaphinae, Pteromalinae and Miscogasterinae). Based on the morphological results several putative synapomorphies are proposed for the chalcidoid groups included in this study. Within Pteromalidae the central subfamily Pteromalinae lacks autapomorphic characters and remains undefined. The mesosoma of Spalangia nigripes (Spalangiinae) is characterized by a huge number of possible plesiomorphies, but also exhibits a plurality of derived structures, which distinguishes it from the remaining pteromalid subfamilies that were investigated. The phylogenetic isolation between S. nigripes (Spalangiinae) and the remaining pteromalids, which has become obvious in the molecular analyses is therefore also expressed in the mesosomal morphology. Based on the molecular and morphological results of the present study strategies for a future classification of Spalangiinae and Pteromalidae are discussed with the aim to initiate further phylogenetic studies within Chalcidoidea.

Related terms

Pteromalidae - 15 days free trial to Access Experts & Abstracts