The Experts below are selected from a list of 46731 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael A Stoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of a Public Health Emergency preparedness competency model for european union countries
Eurosurveillance, 2018Co-Authors: Elena Savoia, Michael A Stoto, Christopher Nelson, Stefano Guicciardi, Rachael Piltchloeb, Judit Takacs, Carmen Varela Santos, Massimo CiottiAbstract:In 2017, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) developed a competency model for individuals who work in Public Health Emergency preparedness (PHEP) in European Union (EU) countries. The model serves as the basis for developing competency-based training programmes to support professionals in PHEP efforts at the country level. The competency model describes the knowledge and skills professionals need when working in national-level PHEP, such as preparedness committee members or their equivalents. In order to develop the model, existing competency statements were reviewed, as well as case studies and reports. Fifty-three professionals from the EU and other countries provided feedback to the model by participating in a three-stage consultation process. The model includes 102 competency, 100 knowledge and 158 skill statements. In addition to specifying the appropriate content for training programmes, the proposed common competency model can help to standardise terminology and approaches to PHEP training.
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root cause analysis for enhancing Public Health Emergency preparedness a brief report of a salmonella outbreak in the alamosa colorado water supply
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 2018Co-Authors: Rachael Piltchloeb, Elena Savoia, Christopher Nelson, John D. Kraemer, David R Osborn, Michael A StotoAbstract:To demonstrate how Public Health systems can use root-cause analysis (RCA) to improve learning from critical incidents, the research team utilized a facilitated look-back meeting to examine the Public Health systems' response to a Salmonella outbreak in the water supply in Alamosa, Colorado. We worked with Public Health, Emergency management agencies, and other stakeholders to identify response challenges related to Public Health Emergency preparedness capabilities, root causes, and lessons learned. The results demonstrate that RCA can help identify systems issues that, if addressed, can improve future responses. Furthermore, RCA can identify more basic issues that go beyond a specific incident or setting, such as the need for effective communication and coordination throughout the Public Health system, and the social capital needed to support it.
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A Public Health Emergency Preparedness Critical Incident Registry
Biosecurity and bioterrorism : biodefense strategy practice and science, 2014Co-Authors: Rachael Piltch-loeb, Christopher Nelson, John D. Kraemer, Michael A StotoAbstract:Health departments use after-action reports to collect data on their experience in responding to actual Public Health emergencies. To address deficiencies in the use of such reports revealed in the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic and to develop an effective approach to learning from actual Public Health emergencies, we sought to understand how the concept and operations of a "critical incident registry," commonly used in other industries, could be adapted for Public Health Emergency preparedness. We conducted a workshop with Public Health researchers and practitioners, reviewed the literature on learning from rare events, and sought to identify the optimal characteristics of a critical incident registry (CIR) for Public Health Emergency preparedness. Several key critical characteristics are needed for a CIR to be feasible and useful. A registry should: (1) include incidents in the response in which Public Health agencies played a substantial role, are "meaningful," test one or more Emergency preparedness capabilities, and are sufficiently limited in scope to isolate specific response issues; (2) be supported by a framework and standard protocols for including reports based on rigorous analysis of individual incidents and methods for cross-case analysis; and (3) include explicit incentives for reporting, to overcome intrinsic disincentives. With proper incentives in place, a critical incident registry can be a useful tool for improving Public Health Emergency preparedness. Standard protocols for reporting critical events and probing analysis are needed to enable identification of patterns of successes and failures.
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measuring and assessing Public Health Emergency preparedness
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 2013Co-Authors: Michael A StotoAbstract:The National Health Security Strategy calls for a systematic quality improvement efforts to improving Health security. In addition, since 2001, billions of dollars have been spent on Public Health Emergency preparedness at the federal, state, and local levels. Policy makers must now ask has this investment been effective, and in what way to measure this investment. Whether the goal is to ensure accountability to policy makers or to facilitate quality improvement, valid and reliable measures of preparedness are needed. Measuring and assessing the state of the nation's preparedness, however, are challenging. This article explores the current measurement climate and potential for improvement.
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measuring and assessing Public Health Emergency preparedness a methodological primer
Social Science Research Network, 2012Co-Authors: Michael A Stoto, Christopher NelsonAbstract:Given the magnitude of the investments made in Public Health Emergency preparedness (PHEP) in recent years, elected officials and policymakers need to know whether these efforts have actually substantially improved the nation’s ability to respond to large-scale Public Health emergencies. In addition, if the nation’s Public Health system remains underprepared (which is likely for some preparedness functions), policymakers and Public Health practitioners need guidance on how best to further improve the PHEP system’s capabilities. Valid, reliable, and practical PHEP measures are needed to ensure accountability for a decade’s worth of PHEP investments, to improve Public Health systems’ capabilities to respond effectively to future Public Health emergencies, and to support related research efforts. To this end, this paper will summarize insights on PHEP measure development that are emerging from this effort, drawing on the experience of the authors and their Public Health practice partners as well as on discussions in workshops, exercises, and other venues, only some of which has been published in scientific and professional journals. The goal is not to describe a universal set of preparedness measures, but rather an approach that others can use to develop measures as needed for a variety of purposes. Adopting a Public Health systems research perspective, we begin by describing an approach to the development of performance measures and assessment tools that has proven to be effective in Health services research and Healthcare quality improvement efforts. We then apply this approach to PHEP, illustrating each of the four major steps in the measurement development cycle with preparedness examples, many of which are drawn from the work of the LAMPS team. A companion paper will use this framework to assess the current state of PHEP measurement, identifying areas in which more measurement development work is needed.
Christopher Nelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of a Public Health Emergency preparedness competency model for european union countries
Eurosurveillance, 2018Co-Authors: Elena Savoia, Michael A Stoto, Christopher Nelson, Stefano Guicciardi, Rachael Piltchloeb, Judit Takacs, Carmen Varela Santos, Massimo CiottiAbstract:In 2017, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) developed a competency model for individuals who work in Public Health Emergency preparedness (PHEP) in European Union (EU) countries. The model serves as the basis for developing competency-based training programmes to support professionals in PHEP efforts at the country level. The competency model describes the knowledge and skills professionals need when working in national-level PHEP, such as preparedness committee members or their equivalents. In order to develop the model, existing competency statements were reviewed, as well as case studies and reports. Fifty-three professionals from the EU and other countries provided feedback to the model by participating in a three-stage consultation process. The model includes 102 competency, 100 knowledge and 158 skill statements. In addition to specifying the appropriate content for training programmes, the proposed common competency model can help to standardise terminology and approaches to PHEP training.
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root cause analysis for enhancing Public Health Emergency preparedness a brief report of a salmonella outbreak in the alamosa colorado water supply
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 2018Co-Authors: Rachael Piltchloeb, Elena Savoia, Christopher Nelson, John D. Kraemer, David R Osborn, Michael A StotoAbstract:To demonstrate how Public Health systems can use root-cause analysis (RCA) to improve learning from critical incidents, the research team utilized a facilitated look-back meeting to examine the Public Health systems' response to a Salmonella outbreak in the water supply in Alamosa, Colorado. We worked with Public Health, Emergency management agencies, and other stakeholders to identify response challenges related to Public Health Emergency preparedness capabilities, root causes, and lessons learned. The results demonstrate that RCA can help identify systems issues that, if addressed, can improve future responses. Furthermore, RCA can identify more basic issues that go beyond a specific incident or setting, such as the need for effective communication and coordination throughout the Public Health system, and the social capital needed to support it.
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A Public Health Emergency Preparedness Critical Incident Registry
Biosecurity and bioterrorism : biodefense strategy practice and science, 2014Co-Authors: Rachael Piltch-loeb, Christopher Nelson, John D. Kraemer, Michael A StotoAbstract:Health departments use after-action reports to collect data on their experience in responding to actual Public Health emergencies. To address deficiencies in the use of such reports revealed in the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic and to develop an effective approach to learning from actual Public Health emergencies, we sought to understand how the concept and operations of a "critical incident registry," commonly used in other industries, could be adapted for Public Health Emergency preparedness. We conducted a workshop with Public Health researchers and practitioners, reviewed the literature on learning from rare events, and sought to identify the optimal characteristics of a critical incident registry (CIR) for Public Health Emergency preparedness. Several key critical characteristics are needed for a CIR to be feasible and useful. A registry should: (1) include incidents in the response in which Public Health agencies played a substantial role, are "meaningful," test one or more Emergency preparedness capabilities, and are sufficiently limited in scope to isolate specific response issues; (2) be supported by a framework and standard protocols for including reports based on rigorous analysis of individual incidents and methods for cross-case analysis; and (3) include explicit incentives for reporting, to overcome intrinsic disincentives. With proper incentives in place, a critical incident registry can be a useful tool for improving Public Health Emergency preparedness. Standard protocols for reporting critical events and probing analysis are needed to enable identification of patterns of successes and failures.
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measuring and assessing Public Health Emergency preparedness a methodological primer
Social Science Research Network, 2012Co-Authors: Michael A Stoto, Christopher NelsonAbstract:Given the magnitude of the investments made in Public Health Emergency preparedness (PHEP) in recent years, elected officials and policymakers need to know whether these efforts have actually substantially improved the nation’s ability to respond to large-scale Public Health emergencies. In addition, if the nation’s Public Health system remains underprepared (which is likely for some preparedness functions), policymakers and Public Health practitioners need guidance on how best to further improve the PHEP system’s capabilities. Valid, reliable, and practical PHEP measures are needed to ensure accountability for a decade’s worth of PHEP investments, to improve Public Health systems’ capabilities to respond effectively to future Public Health emergencies, and to support related research efforts. To this end, this paper will summarize insights on PHEP measure development that are emerging from this effort, drawing on the experience of the authors and their Public Health practice partners as well as on discussions in workshops, exercises, and other venues, only some of which has been published in scientific and professional journals. The goal is not to describe a universal set of preparedness measures, but rather an approach that others can use to develop measures as needed for a variety of purposes. Adopting a Public Health systems research perspective, we begin by describing an approach to the development of performance measures and assessment tools that has proven to be effective in Health services research and Healthcare quality improvement efforts. We then apply this approach to PHEP, illustrating each of the four major steps in the measurement development cycle with preparedness examples, many of which are drawn from the work of the LAMPS team. A companion paper will use this framework to assess the current state of PHEP measurement, identifying areas in which more measurement development work is needed.
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quality improvement in Public Health Emergency preparedness
Annual Review of Public Health, 2007Co-Authors: Michael Seid, Christopher Nelson, Jeffrey Wasserman, Debra Lotstein, Valerie L Williams, Kristin J Leuschner, Allison L Diamant, Stefanie A Stern, Nicole LurieAbstract:Quality improvement (QI) methods have been used in many industries to improve performance and outcomes. This chapter reviews key QI concepts and their application to Public Health Emergency preparedness (PHEP). We conclude that for QI to flourish and become standard practice, changes to the status quo are necessary. In particular, Public Health should build its capabilities in QI, enhance implementation, and align incentives to facilitate use of QI.
Elena Savoia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of a Public Health Emergency preparedness competency model for european union countries
Eurosurveillance, 2018Co-Authors: Elena Savoia, Michael A Stoto, Christopher Nelson, Stefano Guicciardi, Rachael Piltchloeb, Judit Takacs, Carmen Varela Santos, Massimo CiottiAbstract:In 2017, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) developed a competency model for individuals who work in Public Health Emergency preparedness (PHEP) in European Union (EU) countries. The model serves as the basis for developing competency-based training programmes to support professionals in PHEP efforts at the country level. The competency model describes the knowledge and skills professionals need when working in national-level PHEP, such as preparedness committee members or their equivalents. In order to develop the model, existing competency statements were reviewed, as well as case studies and reports. Fifty-three professionals from the EU and other countries provided feedback to the model by participating in a three-stage consultation process. The model includes 102 competency, 100 knowledge and 158 skill statements. In addition to specifying the appropriate content for training programmes, the proposed common competency model can help to standardise terminology and approaches to PHEP training.
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root cause analysis for enhancing Public Health Emergency preparedness a brief report of a salmonella outbreak in the alamosa colorado water supply
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 2018Co-Authors: Rachael Piltchloeb, Elena Savoia, Christopher Nelson, John D. Kraemer, David R Osborn, Michael A StotoAbstract:To demonstrate how Public Health systems can use root-cause analysis (RCA) to improve learning from critical incidents, the research team utilized a facilitated look-back meeting to examine the Public Health systems' response to a Salmonella outbreak in the water supply in Alamosa, Colorado. We worked with Public Health, Emergency management agencies, and other stakeholders to identify response challenges related to Public Health Emergency preparedness capabilities, root causes, and lessons learned. The results demonstrate that RCA can help identify systems issues that, if addressed, can improve future responses. Furthermore, RCA can identify more basic issues that go beyond a specific incident or setting, such as the need for effective communication and coordination throughout the Public Health system, and the social capital needed to support it.
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Public Health system research in Public Health Emergency preparedness in the united states 2009 2015 actionable knowledge base
American Journal of Public Health, 2017Co-Authors: Elena Savoia, Leesa Lin, Dottie Bernard, Noah Klein, Lyndon P James, Stefano GuicciardiAbstract:Background. In 2008, the Institute of Medicine released a letter report identifying 4 research priority areas for Public Health Emergency preparedness in Public Health system research: (1) enhancing the usefulness of training, (2) improving timely Emergency communications, (3) creating and maintaining sustainable response systems, and (4) generating effectiveness criteria and metrics.Objectives. To (1) identify and characterize Public Health system research in Public Health Emergency preparedness produced in the United States from 2009 to 2015, (2) synthesize research findings and assess the level of confidence in these findings, and (3) describe the evolution of knowledge production in Public Health Emergency preparedness system research.Search Methods and Selection Criteria. We reviewed and included the titles and abstracts of 1584 articles derived from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and gray literature databases that focused on the organizational or financial aspects of Public Health Emergency preparedness activitie...
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communications in Public Health Emergency preparedness a systematic review of the literature
Biosecurity and Bioterrorism-biodefense Strategy Practice and Science, 2013Co-Authors: Elena Savoia, Leesa Lin, Kasisomayajula ViswanathAbstract:During a Public Health crisis, Public Health agencies engage in a variety of Public communication efforts to inform the population, encourage the adoption of preventive behaviors, and limit the impact of adverse events. Given the importance of communication to the Public in Public Health Emergency preparedness, it is critical to examine the extent to which this field of study has received attention from the scientific community. We conducted a systematic literature review to describe current research in the area of communication to the Public in Public Health Emergency preparedness, focusing on the association between sociodemographic and behavioral factors and communication as well as preparedness outcomes. Articles were searched in PubMed and Embase and reviewed by 2 independent reviewers. A total of 131 articles were included for final review. Fifty-three percent of the articles were empirical, of which 74% were population-based studies, and 26% used information environment analysis techniques. None had an experimental study design. Population-based studies were rarely supported by theoretical models and mostly relied on a cross-sectional study design. Consistent results were reported on the association between population socioeconomic factors and Public Health Emergency preparedness communication and preparedness outcomes. Our findings show the need for empirical research to determine what type of communication messages can be effective in achieving preparedness outcomes across various population groups. They suggest that a real-time analysis of the information environment is valuable in knowing what is being communicated to the Public and could be used for course correction of Public Health messages during a crisis.
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a consensus process on the use of exercises and after action reports to assess and improve Public Health Emergency preparedness and response
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Elena Savoia, Jessica Preston, Paul D BiddingerAbstract:Introduction The objective of disaster preparedness is to ensure that appropriate systems, procedures, and resources are in place to provide prompt, effective assistance to disaster victims, thus facilitating relief measures and rehabilitation of services. Disaster preparedness efforts include the identification of possible Health scenarios based on the probability of hazards and vulnerability of the population as a basis for creating a disaster plan. Exercises that simulate Emergency response, involving the Health and other sectors, have been suggested as useful tools to test the plans on a regular basis and measure preparedness efforts; the absence of actual testing is likely to negate even the best of abstract plans. Problem Exercises and after action reports (AARs) are used to document preparedness activities. However, to date, limited analysis has been performed on what makes an exercise an effective tool to assess Public Health Emergency preparedness (PHEP), and how AARs can be developed and used to support PHEP improvement efforts. The scope of this project was to achieve consensus on: (1) what makes an exercise an effective tool to assess PHEP; and (2) what makes an AAR an effective tool to guide PHEP improvement efforts. Methods Sixty-one PHEP experts were convened by the use of Nominal Group Techniques to achieve consensus on a series of characteristics that exercises should have when designed to assess PHEP and on the recommendations for developing high-quality AARs. Results The panelists achieved consensus on a list of recommendations to improve the use of exercises and AARs in PHEP improvement efforts. Such recommendations ranged from the characteristics of the exercise audience to the evaluation methodology being used and the characteristics of the produced AAR such as its structure and content. Conclusions The characteristics of the exercise audience, scenario and scope are among the most important attributes to the effectiveness of an exercise conducted for PHEP evaluation purposes. The evaluation instruments used to gather observations need an appropriate matching between exercise objectives and the response capabilities tested during the exercise, to build the base for the production of a good AAR. Improvements in the design and creation of exercises and AARs could facilitate better reporting and measurement of preparedness outcomes. Savoia E , Preston J , Biddinger PD . A Consensus Process on the Use of Exercises and After Action Reports to Assess and Improve Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response . Prehosp Disaster Med . 2013 ; 28 ( 3 ): 1 - 4 .
Brian Schwartz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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are we prepared the development of performance indicators for Public Health Emergency preparedness using a modified delphi approach
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Yasmin Khan, Bonnie Henry, Tracey L Osullivan, Adalsteinn D Brown, Anna R Gagliardi, Sara Lacarte, Brian SchwartzAbstract:BACKGROUND Disasters and emergencies from infectious diseases, extreme weather and anthropogenic events are increasingly common. While risks vary for different communities, disaster and Emergency preparedness is recognized as essential for all nation-states. Evidence to inform measurement of preparedness is lacking. The objective of this study was to identify and define a set of Public Health Emergency preparedness (PHEP) indicators to advance performance measurement for local/regional Public Health agencies. METHODS A three-round modified Delphi technique was employed to develop indicators for PHEP. The study was conducted in Canada with a national panel of 33 experts and completed in 2018. A list of indicators was derived from the literature. Indicators were rated by importance and actionability until achieving consensus. RESULTS The scoping review resulted in 62 indicators being included for rating by the panel. Panel feedback provided refinements to indicators and suggestions for new indicators. In total, 76 indicators were proposed for rating across all three rounds; of these, 67 were considered to be important and actionable PHEP indicators. CONCLUSIONS This study developed an indicator set of 67 PHEP indicators, aligned with a PHEP framework for resilience. The 67 indicators represent important and actionable dimensions of PHEP practice in Canada that can be used by local/regional Public Health agencies and validated in other jurisdictions to assess readiness and measure improvement in their critical role of protecting community Health.
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Public Health Emergency preparedness a framework to promote resilience
BMC Public Health, 2018Co-Authors: Yasmin Khan, Bonnie Henry, Tracey L Osullivan, Adalsteinn D Brown, Shannon Tracey, Jennifer L Gibson, Melissa Genereux, Brian SchwartzAbstract:Emergencies and disasters impact population Health. Despite the importance of upstream readiness, a persistent challenge for Public Health practitioners is defining what it means to be prepared. There is a knowledge gap in that existing frameworks lack consideration for complexity relevant to Health systems and the Emergency context. The objective of this study is to describe the essential elements of a resilient Public Health system and how the elements interact as a complex adaptive system. This study used a qualitative design employing the Structured Interview Matrix facilitation technique in six focus groups across Canada. Focus group participants were practitioners from Public Health and related sectors. Data collection generated qualitative data on the essential elements, and interactions between elements, for a resilient Public Health system. Data analysis employed qualitative content analysis and the lens of complexity theory to account for the complex nature of Public Health Emergency preparedness (PHEP). The unit of study was the local/regional Public Health agency. Ethics and values were considered in the development of the framework. A total of 130 participants attended the six focus groups. Urban, urban-rural and rural regions from across Canada participated and focus group size ranged from 15 to 33 across the six sites. Eleven elements emerged from the data; these included one cross-cutting element (Governance and leadership) and 10 distinct but interlinked elements. The essential elements define a conceptual framework for PHEP. The framework was refined to ensure practice and policy relevance for local/regional Public Health agencies; the framework has ethics and values at its core. This framework describes the complexity of the system yet moves beyond description to use tenets of complexity to support building resilience. This applied Public Health framework for local/regional Public Health agencies is empirically-derived and theoretically-informed and represents a complex adaptive systems approach to upstream readiness for PHEP.
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the evidence base of primary research in Public Health Emergency preparedness a scoping review and stakeholder consultation
BMC Public Health, 2015Co-Authors: Yasmin Khan, Ghazal Fazli, Bonnie Henry, Eileen De Villa, Charoula Tsamis, Moira Grant, Brian SchwartzAbstract:Effective Public Health Emergency preparedness and response systems are important in mitigating the impact of all-hazards emergencies on population Health. The evidence base for Public Health Emergency preparedness (PHEP) is weak, however, and previous reviews have noted a substantial proportion of anecdotal event reports. To investigate the body of research excluding the anecdotal reports and better understand primary and analytical research for PHEP, a scoping review was conducted with two objectives: first, to develop a thematic map focused on primary research; and second, to use this map to inform and guide an understanding of knowledge gaps relevant to research and practice in PHEP.
Leesa Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Public Health system research in Public Health Emergency preparedness in the united states 2009 2015 actionable knowledge base
American Journal of Public Health, 2017Co-Authors: Elena Savoia, Leesa Lin, Dottie Bernard, Noah Klein, Lyndon P James, Stefano GuicciardiAbstract:Background. In 2008, the Institute of Medicine released a letter report identifying 4 research priority areas for Public Health Emergency preparedness in Public Health system research: (1) enhancing the usefulness of training, (2) improving timely Emergency communications, (3) creating and maintaining sustainable response systems, and (4) generating effectiveness criteria and metrics.Objectives. To (1) identify and characterize Public Health system research in Public Health Emergency preparedness produced in the United States from 2009 to 2015, (2) synthesize research findings and assess the level of confidence in these findings, and (3) describe the evolution of knowledge production in Public Health Emergency preparedness system research.Search Methods and Selection Criteria. We reviewed and included the titles and abstracts of 1584 articles derived from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and gray literature databases that focused on the organizational or financial aspects of Public Health Emergency preparedness activitie...
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media use and communication inequalities in a Public Health Emergency a case study of 2009 2010 pandemic influenza a virus subtype h1n1
Public Health Reports, 2014Co-Authors: Leesa Lin, Minsoo Jung, Rachel F Mccloud, Kasisomayajula ViswanathAbstract:Objectives.Studies have shown that differences among individuals and social groups in accessing and using information on Health and specific threats have an impact on their knowledge and behaviors. These differences, characterized as communication inequalities, may hamper the strength of a society's response to a Public Health Emergency. Such inequalities not only make vulnerable populations subject to a disproportionate burden of adversity, but also compromise the Public Health system's efforts to prevent and respond to pandemic influenza outbreaks. We investigated the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) and Health communication behaviors (including barriers) on people's knowledge and misconceptions about pandemic influenza A(H1N1) (pH1N1) and adoption of prevention behaviors.Methods.The data for this study came from a survey of 1,569 respondents drawn from a nationally representative sample of American adults during pH1N1. We conducted logistic regression analyses when appropriate.Results.We found that...
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communications in Public Health Emergency preparedness a systematic review of the literature
Biosecurity and Bioterrorism-biodefense Strategy Practice and Science, 2013Co-Authors: Elena Savoia, Leesa Lin, Kasisomayajula ViswanathAbstract:During a Public Health crisis, Public Health agencies engage in a variety of Public communication efforts to inform the population, encourage the adoption of preventive behaviors, and limit the impact of adverse events. Given the importance of communication to the Public in Public Health Emergency preparedness, it is critical to examine the extent to which this field of study has received attention from the scientific community. We conducted a systematic literature review to describe current research in the area of communication to the Public in Public Health Emergency preparedness, focusing on the association between sociodemographic and behavioral factors and communication as well as preparedness outcomes. Articles were searched in PubMed and Embase and reviewed by 2 independent reviewers. A total of 131 articles were included for final review. Fifty-three percent of the articles were empirical, of which 74% were population-based studies, and 26% used information environment analysis techniques. None had an experimental study design. Population-based studies were rarely supported by theoretical models and mostly relied on a cross-sectional study design. Consistent results were reported on the association between population socioeconomic factors and Public Health Emergency preparedness communication and preparedness outcomes. Our findings show the need for empirical research to determine what type of communication messages can be effective in achieving preparedness outcomes across various population groups. They suggest that a real-time analysis of the information environment is valuable in knowing what is being communicated to the Public and could be used for course correction of Public Health messages during a crisis.