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From The Editor
Anadolu University Eskisehir, 2013Co-Authors: Ugur DemirayAbstract:Dear TOJDE Readers, Welcome to the Volume 14 Number: 1 of TOJDE! In this issue, 31 articles of 65 authors from 12 different countries around the world have been published. These published articles are arrived to the TOJDE from Australia, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Russia, Taiwan, Turkey, USA and Zimba bwe. First all, you should know that if a submission picks up from three TOJDE editors between 4.5 and 9 over all 9 credits, it means that this submission can be published in TOJDE in the coming issue. However, since the Publishing priority of the accepted papers belongs to the highest scored ones, submissions which receive a score between 4.5 and 5 or 6 may wait and be archived for Publishing later on. TOJDE administration respected this Publishing Rule up to now. Therefore, some accepted submissions which obtained over 4.5 have not been published up to now. Some of these submissions were waiting for Publishing in TOJDE in the future sice 2011. In this issue, we decided to give them a chance to be published. For this reason that becoming end of the year of 2012, more papers for this issue included me than the previous issues. The 1st article arrived from Nigeria and written by Sunday O. ADEGBESAN, from Training and Research Fellow, National Institute for Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA), on “Effect Of Principals’ Leadership Style On Teachers’ Attitude To Work In Ogun State Secondary Schools, Nigeria ". The purpose of this study was to investigate why some principals prefer to embrace certain leadership styles and the effect of such styles on the teachers’ attitude to work. In the 2nd article is mentioned in their context, especially web-based learning comes forward. Web-based learning can be defined as an information technology-enabled and supported form of distance learning in which the traditional restrictions of classroom learning have disappeared. The Internet can be a useful aid in teaching reading, writing, vocabulary activities, and some grammar exercises. Also, including rapid global access at any time from any computer with Internet access, integration of graphics, audio, and text; and ease and low cost of publication are the potential of the web. The 2nd article is titled as “Relationship Between Web-Based Learning Time Outside The Classroom And Academic Achievement In German As A Tertiary Language By The Students On Vocational High Schools”” which is written by Orhan HANBAY, from Adıyaman Üniversitesi Kahta MYO, Adıyaman, TURKEY. The purpose of this empirical research is to investigate the relationship between web-based learning time and academic achievement in German. 36 learners of L3 German with L1 Turkish and L2 English from Vocational High School of Kahta at Adiyaman University were the participants of this study. The empirical process of the study continued 6 weeks in 2011-2012 fall semesters. During this time, the German, as tertiary language, course was lectured by traditional face-to-face method in the classroom. But the students studied outside the course the same subjects in interactive form via web page, specifically designed for this study. As a result of this study it is found out that there is a significant relationship between web-based learning time and academic achievement in German as a tertiary language. Other article titled as Guided Assessment or Open Discourse: A Comparative Analysis of Students Interaction on Facebook Groups”, written by Lenandlar SINGH from Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Computer Science University of Guyana, Turkeyen Campus, Greater Georgetwon, GUYANA, SOUTH AMERICA. This paper explores the use of Facebook Groups in the Undergraduate Computer Science Program at the University of Guyana. Specifically, Guided Assessment strategies using Facebook Groups are compared with unguided and non-assessed Facebook Groups. Specifically, this study provides a comparative outline of the usage patterns of two (2) Instructor-Guided and Assessed Facebook Groups with three (3) student-led, non-assessed Facebook Groups that supported a form of Open Discourse. Results suggest that planned and guided, instructor-directed activities provide more focused responses from students compared to Open Discourse. Developing Effective Learning Material To Students With Hearing Impairment (Hi) Through ODL In Zimbabwe, arriveved a from Zimbabwe Open University, written by John MPOFU, Sylod CHIMHENGA and Onias MAFA from Zimbabwe Open University. The aim of this study is to provide an in-depth exploration of how the learning materials of Deaf and hard of hearing students could be developed and assist them to achieve their full potential in the institutions of higher learning. A secondary aim is to find out what access policies and support services are in place in institutions of higher learning in an effort to make ODL programmes more accessible to Deaf and hard of hearing students. Selami AYDIN has been sent an research article about “SECOND LIFE AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: A Review of Research from Balikesir University, Balikesir, TURKEY. The purpose of his paper is to present a review of research on Second Life (SL) as a learning environment within English as a foreign language (EFL) context, as research on its use within EFL learning is relatively new. The study is categorized into four main sections. Introduction section introduces the rationale of the paper and SL. Next section reviews the studies on Second Life in EFL learning, and focuses on the effects of SL on affective states, interaction and communication in SL, collaborative and autonomous learning in SL, sharing culture in SL, engagement and participation in SL, some other issues and drawbacks. Third, the study compares SL usage in Turkish EFL context to its use in a global scale. Last, the study concludes that there has been a serious lack of research on the use of SL, as current literature reflects how SL might more readily be utilized as EFL learning environment. Finally, the study ends with recommendations for teachers and researchers. 6th artic is again from Zimbabwe Open Uiversity. The same authors have been sent very intrestinarticle which evaluated via high score by TOJDE editors. Article is titled as The Impact o ICT i Learning Through Distance Education Programmes At Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU): Roles Of ICT In Learning Through Distance Education Programmes. The purpose of the study is to discuss the challenges that students studying with Zimbabwe Open university in accessing information in order to augment the module that are provided as study material. The paper discusses the contents of distance education in Zimbabwe, the challenges facing ICT usage, especially for students living in rural areas. An analysis of the contrast between the performance of students with access to ICT and those without will be done in order to assess performance. The question of funding, institutional problems, infrastructural problems, human capital problems affect the integration and approach to successful improvement of distance education programs. 7th article is from Russia titled as “Set of Criteria For Efficiency of The Process Forming The Answers To Multiple-Choice Test Items” written by Alexander Aleksandrovich RYBANOV, from Informatics and programming techniques Department, Volzhskii Polytechnic Institute, Branch of the Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhskii, RUSSIA. He is offers the set of criteria for assessing efficiency of the process forming the answers to multiple-choice test items. To increase accuracy of computer-assisted testing results, it is suggested to assess dynamics of the process of forming the final answer using the following factors: loss of time factor and correct choice factor. The model application results show the high efficiency of suggested set of criteria. The 8th article is titled as “Identifying Factors That Contribute To The Satisfaction of Students In E-Learning”, written by Levent CALLI, from Sakarya University, Faculty of Computer and Informatics, Department of Information Systems, Cem BALCIKANLI, from Gazi University, Gazi Faculty of Education, Foreign Languages Teaching Department, English Language Teaching Program, Ankara, Fatih CALLI , Halil Ibrahim CEBECI and Msc. Omer Faruk SEYMEN from Sakarya University, Computer and Information Sciences Faculty, Information Sciences Department, Sakarya Universitesi sakarya. This paper set out to investigate the effects of several variables on the learning processes of 930 e-learning students in the Sakarya University distance learning program. The findings of the research indicated that factors perceived playfulness, perceived ease of use and Multimedia Content Effectiveness Had A Significant Effect On Perceived Usefulness. The 9h article is titled as “GRADE INFLATION: An Issue for Higher Education?”. Written by Donald L. CARUTH, as coresponding author, Independent Management Consultant Rockwall, Texas and Gail D. CARUTH, Department of Educational Leadership, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Texas USA. This paper aims to evaluate students more accurately; universities must identify the problems in grading and grading practices. Once this is accomplished new practices can be designed and policies implemented. The 10th article from Malaysia has written on Effective Learning Interaction As A Prerequisite To Successful Open Distance Learning (ODL): A Case Study of Learners In The Northern State of Kedah And Perlis, Malaysia”. Written by Hisham DZAKIRIA, Azilah KASIM, Abdul Halim MOHAMED and Anne Althea CHRISTOPHER, from Universiti Utara Malaysia, MALAYSIA. This paper looks at the issue of interactivity as reported in this research on students’ perspectives and experiences of ODL programs in the northern part of Malaysia. The study supported the widely held belief that a high level of interaction is desirable in ODL environment and positively affects the learning experiences. This study believes to improve ODL experience, decrease dropout rates and maintain success stories for ODL, tutors and all-important stakeholders in ODL must improve the provision of interaction and interactivity. It is evident from the literature that there is a still research gap on interaction issues in ODL which must be pursued and address to improve the learners’ educational experience-for they are the primary clientele of ODL. The 11th article is from Turkey. It is titled as “Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Views On Distance Education And Their Web Pedagogical Content Knowledge”, written by Dilek CAGIRGAN GULTEN, Istanbul University, TURKEY. Her research aims to investigate primary preservice mathematics teachers’ views on distance education and web pedagogical content knowledge in terms of the subscales of general web, communicative web, pedagogical web, web pedagogical content and attitude towards web based instruction. The 12h article is experienced as a case study from Australia. Written by David CARROLL from, Melbourne, Eric Ng (Corresponding author) from University of Southern Qeensland, Toowoomba and Dawn BIRCH, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, AUSTRALIA. About “Strategies To Improve Retention of Postgraduate Business Students In Distance Education Courses: An Australian Case”. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study into the factors affecting the retention of postgraduate business students at a major Australian distance education university. The findings of this study suggest that a range of situational, dispositional and attitudinal factors impact upon student retention on this context, both as enablers of and obstacles to ongoing participation. Next and 13th article is about “A Novel Conceptual Model of Environmental Communal Education: Content Analysis Based On Distance Education Approach” and written by Soheila HAFEZI (Corresponding author), Candidate of Distance Education Planning, Seyed Mohammad SHOBEIRI, Mohammad Reza SARMADI, Department of Education, Payam Noor University, Tehran and Abbas EBADI Tehran, IRAN. The present study, to concept clarification of the ECE, five-step method of Norris was used. Also, a summative content analysis approach is used to interpret meaning from the content of text data. Findings from the content analysis of ECE plotted as a conceptual model. The results of the content analysis led to the extraction of meaning units, sub-codes and the main themes. According to data explication 6 themes extracted. According to extracted operational definition and the Hexa-based model of the ECE, the diversity of the target population and educational content, it seems the most appropriate teaching methods, are the distance education methods. The 14th article is from Turkey, Turkish Military Academy, Ankara, TURKEY and entiled as “Towards The Use of A Novel Method: The First Experiences on Measuring The Cognitive Load of Learned Programming Skills”, written by Murat Paşa UYSAL. This paper paper looks by using the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) method; we measured the cognitive load of participants when executing OOP tasks. The average oxygenation changes in prefrontal cortex of the brain represented their total cognitive response to a set of OOP tasks. The 15th article titled as “Value-Addition For Empowerment And Employability Through Intervention of ODL Mode Of IGNOU” and written by S. KISHORE, Deputy Director, from Indira Gandhi National Open University Regional Centre, Tamilnadu, INDIA. This article analyses the benefits of self-learning though ODL mode of IGNOU. Thus, the short-term programmes of IGNOU extend value-addition to the graduates in the form of transferable skills and the value-added outputs are expected to be employable or self-employable, thus contributing to the growth of the nation. The 16th article once more from India on “Ethical Perspectives In Open And Distance Eduation System”, written by C. ANITHA (Corresponding Author) from Department of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, and T. S. HARSHA, from Department of Studies in Environmental Science, Karnataka State Open University. The present paper will focus on the ethical values to be followed and implemented in the open distance education system. The 17th article again from Turkey, which is titled as “The Effect Of Internet-Based Education on Student Success In Teaching of 8th Grade Triangles Subject” written by Deniz KAYA from MEB, Afyon Provincial Directorate of National Education, Afyonkarahisar, Cenk KESAN from, Izmir and Dilek IZGIOL, from Izmir, TURKEY. The main objective of this paper was carried out over the internet with a computer software program: Vitamin Program. The study was carried out with total 37 8th grade students in two separate classes in a study centre in 2011-2012 school years. The 18th article from Zimbabwe, on “Interrogating The Teaching and Learning Modes in Open And Distance Learning (ODL) Within The Context of Quality Education: A Case Study of The Zimbabwe Open University; Department of Education ”written by Wellington SAMKANGE and Augustine Zano MURANDA, Zimbabwe Open University. The study focused on the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU), an ODL university in Zimbabwe. It used the qualitative methodology and the case study design. A purposively selected sample of twenty students on the Bachelor of Education in Educational Management (BEDM) programme, another twenty on the Masters of Education in Educational Management (MEDM) programme and and thirty students on the teacher development programmes were selected from a population of one hundred and sixty two students in the Department of Education in Harare region. The 19th article arrived from India on “Quest for Teaching Experimental Skills”, written by B. Samrajya LAKSHMI and B. Venkateswara RAO, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA. The present paper focuses on the thorough quest of one such teacher who strives for his own professional development. He has developed his own method of guiding the students for their improvement of skills in doing experiments in lab. The 20th article arrived to us from Turkey and written by Saye Nihan ÇABUK ANAPER, from Anadolu Üniversitesi , Melike Taner ULUÇAY, Yaşar University, Izmir, and Alper CABUK, Anadolu University, Eskisehir on “Accreditation of Online And Distance Learning Programs”. In this study, paper highlights the varying needs and living conditions, advancements in information technologies and internet, easy access and communication opportunities, and increased willingness to share information have given rise to a new form of education called distance learning. Online geographical information systems (GIS) program of Anadolu University is one of the distance education programs awarding an associate degree in the field. The article is which numbered as 21 from Malaysia. Article is titled as “C Development and Evaluation Of Ning Social Network For Teaching Training Online Surveillance”, written by Mohd Aliff MOHD NAWI, Ezad Azraai JAMSARI (Corresponding Author), Adibah SULAIMAN and Mohd Isa HAMZAH from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor. This study aims to develop and evaluate a social-networking site Ning's platform for the supervision of lecturers to teach on-line training. It found that overall, acceptance of the use of the social-networking site Ning mean score at the highest level of 3.91. The 22nd article is on “A Comparison Of Internet-Based Learning And Traditional Classroom Lecture To Learn Cpr For Continuing Medical Education”, written by Nima HEMMATI, Soghra OMRANI and Naser HEMMATI , Tehran, IRAN. The purpose of this study was to compare the satisfaction and effectiveness of Internet-based learning (IBL) and traditional classroom lecture (TCL) for continuing medical education (CME) programs by comparing final resuscitation exam results of physicians who received the newest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) curriculum guidelines training either by traditional or by an Internet-based CME. In the 23th article, again from Turkey. Written by Mehmet FIRAT from Department of Distance Education, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, on. In this study, these two conditions faced by digital natives were compared, and some suggestions have been put forward for the digital native learners. The 24th article written by Mohammad Imam FARISI on “OER on The Asian Mega Universities: Developments, Motives, Openness, and Sustainability”, from Faculty of Education, Department of Social Studies Universitas Terbuka - Surabaya Regional Office, INDONESIA. This study focuses on the developments, motives, openness, and sustainability of OER at the six MUs official websites in Asia. The article 25th is titled as “R Vitual Classroom Participant Views For Effective Synchronous Education Process”, is written by Selçuk KARAMAN, Melike AYDEMIR, Gürkan YILDIRIM from Atatürk University, Erzurum and Sevda KUÇUK from Istanbul University, Istanbul, TURKEY. The aim of this study is to determine the key components which make VC sessions effective in terms of environment and method. Determination of these components and their effects through experiences of VC is important to improve the design and management of VC sessions. In this case study, VC experiences at theology bachelor’s completion degree distance education program are examined. The 27th article is about “Meaningful Engagement in Facebook Learning Environments: Merging Social And Academic Lives” written by Jenny WANG, Chun-Fu C. Lin, Wei-Chieh W. Yu, & Emily Wu, Yuin Taiwan. This study compared the effectiveness of different learning environments between interactive Facebook instructional method and non-Facebook instructional method for undergraduate students. Two outcome dimensions were measured: student grades and learning engagement. Article 27 written by Sangeeta MALIK from Symbiosis Centre for Distance Learning Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA on Distance Educator: A Multiskill Personality, In this article author cover all the responsible areas of a distance educator & why we should consider them as a multiskill personality? The 28th article written by Onias MAFA and Enna Sukutai GUDHLANGA, Zimbabwe Open University, ZIMBABWE on Examınatıon Management As A Way Of Achieving Qualıty Assurance In Odl InstİtutÜons: The Case Of Zimbabwe Open University. This paper discusses the examinations management at ZOU with a special focus on the setting, administering, marking right up to the publication of results. It will also discuss the challenges that ZOU is facing in conducting examinations. Then the 29th article from Anadolu University Eskisehir, TURKEY. Article is titlaed as “Open Courseware In Design And Planning Education And Utilization of Distance Education Opportunity: Anadolu University Experience” and written by Hicran Hanım HALAC and Prof.Dr. Alper CABUK, Anadolu University, TURKEY. This article evaluates the distance and online education opportunities for design and planning education through the experience of Anadolu University about Open Courseware In Design And Planning Education And Utilization of Distance Education Opportunity. 30th and the last article is discussing an application of the one project for distance method, from Akdeniz University, by Merih TAŞKAYA from Antalya, Turkey. Titled as “As Public Relationship Application Countinability of Participated Art Projects via Distance Education Method: A Case Of “Women’s Are Meeting With Literature Project” and written by Merih TASKAYA. This study evaluates, through the case of “Women Meets Literature” project as a public relations practice, the project realization process and outputs of the case regarding the use of “participative art” in mass education, within the context of ‘participative art’, ‘mass education’ and ‘public relations practices’; and it
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From Editor
Anadolu University Eskisehir, 2012Co-Authors: Ugur DemirayAbstract:Dear TOJDE Readers,Welcome to the Volume 13 Number: 2 of TOJDE! In this issue, 7 notes for Editor and 22 articles one book review of 57 authors from 12 different countries have been published. These published articles are from, Barbados, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, USA and Zimbabwe.In general, around 13 articles and 4 notes for editors have been published in TOJDE so far. I would like to explain, why this time 22 articles and 8 submissions published in the articles and in notes for Editor Section respectively. First all, you should know that if a submission picks up from 3 TOJDE editors between 4.5 and 9 over all 9 credits, it means that this submission can be published in TOJDE in the coming issue. However, since the Publishing priority of the accepted papers belongs to the highest scored ones, submissions which receive a score between 4.5 and 5 or 6 may wait and be archived for Publishing later on. TOJDE administration respected this Publishing Rule up to now. Therefore, some accepted submissions which obtained over 4.5 have not been published up to now. These submissions were waiting for Publishing in TOJDE in the future. In this issue, we decided to give them a chance to be published. For this reason, the current issue includes more papers than the previous issues. The 1st Notes for editor arrived from Russia written by Galina ARTYUSHINA and Olga SHEYPAK on Impacting Motivation In The Virtual Classroom. They mentioned that teachers, educational managers and learners must realize that new opportunities are offered by modern on-line communication. A person with basic Internet and Web skills is open to a new world of knowledge, from free Web surfing and self-organized education - through on-line resources and familiarization with Internet culture, its places, sites, search engines etc. - up to a more structured approach. The 2nd notes for editor is titled as “Use Of Libraries In Open And Distance Learning System: Barriers to the Use of AIOU Libraries by Tutors and Students” which is written by Abdul Jabbar BHATTI and Nabi BUX JUMANI, International Islamic University Islamabad from Pakistan. This study explores; the library needs of students and tutors of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU), utilization level of the library facilities and resources, the problems in the use of library, and suggestions for improvement of library facilities for students and tutors. “Designing And Implementing A Situated Learning Program And Determining Its Impact On The Students’ Motivation And Learning ” is the 3rd paper for “Notes for Editor” section in this issue. It has written by Fakhrozaman N. HOSSAINY, Hossein ZARE, Mahmud HORMOZI and Mohamad H. KAVEH from, Shiraz, Iran. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of situated learning on students' school motivation and achievement.The 4th notes for editor titled “Social Relation Networks In Ut-Online Community Forum” written by Mohammad Imam FARISI, from Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia. This study examines and explains the contents of relation, social ties and structures of social relation networks in UT-Online Community Forum. The results of the study are important to the distance education institutions for building sense of community to DE students.The 5th notes for editor written by Tichaona MAPOLISA, from Zimbabwe Open Univesity, on “Provision of Research Support Services To ODL learners by Tutors: A Focus on the Zimbabwe Open University’s Bachelor of Education (Educational Management) Research Students’ Supervision Experiences”. The study examined the ODL learners’ perceptions of the quality of provision of research support services to the ODL learners by tutors. It focused on the Zimbabwe Open University’s (ZOU) Bachelor of Education (Educational Management) research students’ experiences.The 6th article is from Iran again titled “The Effect of Virtual Versus Traditional Learning in Achieving Competency-Based Skills” written by Leili MOSALANEJAD, Sakine SHAHSAVARI, Saed Sobhanian and Mehdi DASTPAK, from Jahrom, Iran. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of virtual systems on competency-based skills of first-year nursing students. The 7th article is “Enhancing Spiritualism in Virtual World”, written by Kiran Lata DANGWAL and Shireesh Pal SINGH from Indira Gandhi National Open University, Bhopal, India. They mentioned on their article about Technology and Spirituality together forms the material to which man can incline on to and work for the development of a globe in which war will be considered a taboo and violence a rejected dogma. Therefore there is an urgent nee to made the world a safe place to live in and the spiritual reconstruction can help us in achieving this.In the article section, the 1st article titled as “Faculty Perceptions of Cooperative Learning And Traditional Discussion Strategies in Online Courses” and written by Lori KUPCZYNSKI, Marie-Anne MUNDY and Gerri MAXWELL from Kingsville, USA. This qualitative case study examined how instructors of online courses perceived the effectiveness of proven traditional teaching methods as well as cooperative learning strategies in the virtual classroom.The 2nd article is “The Effects of Animated Agents on “Students’ Achievement And Attitudes”, written by Figen UNAL-COLAK, Anadolu University and Ozlem OZAN Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the use of pedagogical agents in learning materials designed in multimedia on the achievement and attitudes of students. A general evaluation of the research findings indicate that the use of multimedia software developed by using pedagogical agents positively affects student achievement and attitude.The 3rd one is “Multiple Intelligence And Digital Learning Awareness of Prospective B.Ed Teachers” from India, written by F. L. Antony GRACIOUS, Muttom and F. L. Jasmine Anne SHYLA, Manavalakurichy, India. This present study disscuse Multiple Intelligence and Digital Learning Awareness of prospective B.Ed teachers was probed to find the relationship between Multiple Intelligence and Digital Learning Awareness of Prospective B.Ed Teachers.The 4th articles are from, USA which is on “eFACT: Formative Assessment of Classroom Teaching For Online Classes”, conducted by Gina G. BERRIDGE and Judy WELLS from University of Southern Indiana and Samantha PENNEY, from Indiana State University. Their paper explores the pilot of an evaluation of student learning through anonymous feedback at mid-semester in seven online courses. Electronic Formative Assessment of Classroom Teaching (eFACT) is a process of gathering anonymous student feedback through a faculty consultant using e-mail.The 5th article again from Turkey which is titled as “Language Learning in Second Life: American and Turkish Students’ Experiences” written by Cem BALCIKANLI, Gazi University, Ankara. This study reports the Second Life experiences of American students learning Turkish as a foreign language in the University of Florida, the USA and of Turkish students learning English as a foreign language at Gazi University, Turkey.The 6th article from again Zimbabwe on “Examination Management As A Way of Achieving Quality Assurance in ODL Institutions: The Case of Zimbabwe Open University” written by Onias MAFA and Enna Sukutai GUDHLANGA, imbabwe Open University. Their paper discusses the examinations management at ZOU with a special focus on the setting, administering, marking right up to the publication of results. It also discusses the challenges that ZOU is facing in conducting examinations. It will finally emerge with some valuable practical suggestions on how ZOU can improve on its examination management and thereby achieve quality assurance in all its programmes.“Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions About Their Problem Solving Skills in The Scenario Based Blended Learning Environment” is the 7th article, again from Turkey. Sanded by Serap Samsa YETIK, Pamukkale University, Halil Ibrahim AKYUZ and Hafize KESER, Ankara University, Turkey. The purpose of this study is to determine how to react everyday lives problems in general. In the study, a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used.The 8th article arrived from Saudi Arabia on “The Biggs And Moore Model In E-Learning: The role of motivation and collaboration as moderators” written by Matti J. HAVERILA, Al Faisal University, Riyadh. The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a research conducted to evaluate the effect of e-learning experience on students’ perceived learning outcomes, and more specifically the role of motivation and collaboration as moderators between the e-learning experience and the learning outcome. The perceived learning outcome was measured with whether the students perceived to learn more in e-learning vis-à-vis traditional learning context. The 9th article arrived to us from Barbados and written by Stephanie HUNTE, University of West Indies-UWI Open Campus, Barbados on “First Time Online Learners’ Perceptions of Support Services Provided”. The purpose of this study therefore was to describe the support services provided first time online learners in the context of Caribbean-SIDS and examine what if any benefit learners derived from them through their perceptions of these services.The article is which numbered as 10, again from Turkey. Article is titled as “The Domains For The Multi-Criteria Decisions About E-Learning Systems”, written by Murat P. UYSAL, Defense Sciences Institute, TMA Ankara, Turkey. In this paper, author discusses a conceptual domain model and a decision activity framework is proposed for E-learning systems. Instructional, technological, and administrative decision domains are included in this model. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show that AHP is an effective MCDA method for E-learning-related decisions. The 11th article is on “The Use of Virtual Ethnography in Distance Education Research”, written by Kadriye UZUN and C. Hakan AYDIN, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey. In this study, the authors have been axplained the method of virtual ethnography in detail, inform about data gathering instruments such as participatory virtual observation, online and offline (face to face) interviews touch upon ethical questions related to field studies and highlight the elements that call for attention in the use of virtual ethnography in distance education studies.In the 12th article, Michael K. BARBOUR and his doctorants Angelene McLAREN and Lin ZHANG from Wayne State University, USA present their paper titled “It’s Not That Tough: Students Speak About Their Online Learning Experiences”. They declare that students largely enjoyed their virtual school courses and found the synchronous classes, the technology, and the ability to control their own learning as positive aspects of their experience. Students also found the lack of a sense of community, working during their asynchronous class time, and the asynchronous course content to be challenging; and made suggestions for improvement to each, along with advice to future virtual school students.The 13th article written by Inegbedion, JULIET O., National Open University of Nigeria and Adeyemi JULIUS K. from University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria on “Cost Drivers In Distance Education: The Values In Nigerian Universities“. In their study they mentioned distance university education has come a long way in Nigeria. It started as a dual mode and today has both the dual and single modes. However, the system has been faced majorly with the challenge of inadequate funding. This has hampered the success rate of the system. Therefore for the purpose of appropriate utilizations of the available fund, it is necessary that the knowledge of the unit cost of cost drivers is gained. This will help in re-directing and prioritizing the available fund. To meet this purpose, five research questions were raised and answered. Descriptive survey research design was used. Checklist served as the instrument used to obtained data from the sampled institutions. The data collected were analyzed using econometric formulas and charts.The artice 14, “Capacity Building Of Teachers Through Distance Mode Using Teleconferenceing as an Innovative Tool”, is written by Manas RANJAN PANIGRAHI, from Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, ETHIOPIA. According to Manas, distance Education Programme (DEP) plays a major role in providing technical support to the states in building capacity among institutions and people at national, state, district and sub-district levels to design, develop, produce and deliver distance learning inputs and materials in a recurrent manner. The main Objective of the study was to find out the effectiveness of the capacity building of teachers through distance mode using teleconferencing as an innovative tool. The 15th article is about “The Strategic Planning (Swot) Analysis Outcomes and Suggestions According to the Students and the Lecturers Within the Distance Education System”. Conducted by Tugba Yanpar YELKEN, Figen KILIC and Caner OZDEMIR, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey. The purpose of this research is to provide SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis and to present new suggestions based on the opinions of students in the distance education system. The outcomes of the survey have been evaluated quantatively along the direction of the survey’s fundamental question: “What are your views on strategic planning (SWOT) of distance education?” The suggestions have been made about the distance learning education based on the findings of the survey.Article 16, “Social Networking In Physical Education: Undergraduate Students’ Views on Ning” is written by Gülfem SEZEN BALCIKANLI from Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey. The aim of this study to investigate physical education undergraduate students’ views on the use of social networking, one of the most typical representations of Web 2.0 technologies. The findings of the study were the show that increasing student-student and teacher-student interaction, enhancing student motivation and classroom climate, sharing materials with the instructor and students, making use of students’ interests and needs, and making learning process more interesting and permanent. The research concluded that social networking could be used in PE classes effectively. The 17th article is “The Primary Student Teachers’ Views About A Blended Learning Application in A Basic Physics Course” from Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey and written by Fatma EKICI, Izzet KARA and Erhan EKICI. Their paper is presenting an overview of the undergraduate blended Physics course that has been supported by the Moodle platform. The course that has been applied is a basic physics course for primary student teachers. The aim of Moodle is to create an online learning environment which helps students to have a virtual space where they can share knowledge through different kinds of supervised activities, chats and forums. After the study, results have shown that teacher candidates using Moodle processing have positive thoughts about the course. In the study, it has been emphasized views of prospective primary teachers about MOODLE in some subjects of physics. Students are challenged to doing research. Therefore, they recommend that this application is become widespread in education, especially higher education in Turkey. Article 18 written by M. SHANMUGHAM and Dr. S. KISHORE on “Integration of Prior Learning and Assessment in The IGNOU Community College System for Skill Development” from IGNOU, India. This work proposes a model for the integration of PLA method in the IGNOU Community College Scheme to bring the desired academic flexibility for skill development. Thus, applying the proposed model, this article also attempts to evolve a working model curriculum at the levels of Base-Line workers, Assistants and Supervisory level workers and Above Supervisory level workers. The integration of PLA with community Colleges is expected to enhance academic flexibility and thus promote skill-based human resources though ODL system in the country.The 19th article titled “Towards Understanding The Successful Learner:A Case Study of IGNOU” arrived from India again and written by Sindhu P. NAIR, Indira Gandhi National Open University, India. The paper delves into those key aspects or factors which would have facilitated the passed out learners in successfully completing their programmes in the open system. The findings are of direct interest, both from an institution perspective and that of a distance learner. It provides inputs to the Open and distance learning system, towards formulating appropriate strategies that further facilitate learners to successfully pass out. Also the findings serve as indicators/guide Rules for any learner in the open system.The 20th article is “Development of Usability Criteria For E-Learning Content Development Software” written by Serkan ÇELIK, Kirikkale University Kirikkale, Turkey. In his research the first step towards the definition of criteria for evaluating e-learning tools. A preliminary user study involving a group of pre-service instructional designers, observed during their interaction with e-learning tools, is reported. Throughout the study, specific usability attributes of these e-learning tools were identified. Participants were assigned to rate the importance of functional and pedagogical competences proposed during the criteria development phase. The findings of the study revealed 31 evaluation criteria under the headings of technical, media, and assessment competences.The 21st article is “Epistemological Beliefs and Metacognitive Strategies of ELT Pre-Service Teachers in Distance and Formal Education” written by Meral GUVEN Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey. The aim of the present study was to determine the epistemological beliefs and metacognitive strategies of the pre-service teachers in the distance and formal education English Language Teaching program and to investigate whether there was any difference/ were any differences between them. As a result of study, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between the epistemological beliefs and metacognitive strategy use of ELT pre-service teachers in both formal and distance education programs. The last article is titled as Impact of Managerial Skills Learnt Through MA Educational Planning Management Programme of AIOU on The Performance of Institutional Heads. Written by Muhammad Asif CHUADHRY and Syed Manzoor Hussain SHAH from Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. The objectives of the proposed study were to assess the contribution of the program towards the learning of the heads of educational institution, to identify the managerial skills competencies of Educational Managers and Heads trained through EPPSL department AIOU and to evaluate the effectiveness of the program and its impact on the skills of the M.A EPM graduates. The finding and conclusions of the data indicated that the impact of the skills on their performance. Majority of the heads were agreed that the programme was beneficial for them. It was recommended on the basis of the conclusions that the selection of the resource person should be on merit; quality of books might be improved; and there should be a separate course for educational budgeting and also recommended that this programme should be compulsory for the institutional heads. In this issue a book review on “The Restoratıve Classroom: Using Restorative Approaches to Foster Effective Learning”, written by Hopkins, B. İn 2011. It is reviewed by Martha A. BROWN, Florida Atlantic University, USA. The book is divided into three sections. Part One, chapters 1-3, provides the reader with a framework for understanding relational and restorative pedagogy based on the Five Key Restorative themes are everyone has their own unique and equally valued perspectives, thoughts influence emotions, emotions influence actions, empathy and consideration, needs and unmet needs and collective responsibility for problem solving and decision making.Dear readers, you can reach us online either directly at 0Hhttp://tojde.anadolu.edu.tr or by visiting Anadolu University homepage at 1Hhttp://www.anadolu.edu.tr from English version, clicking on Scientific Research button and then going to the Referred Journals. To receive further information and to send your recommendations and remarks, or to submit articles for consideration, please contact TOJDE Secretariat at the below address or e-mail us to2H tojde@anadolu.edu.tr Hope to stay in touch and meet in our next Issue, on 1st of July 2012Cordially,Prof. Dr. Ugur Demiray Editor-in-Chief Anadolu University Yunusemre Campus 26470-Eskisehir TURKEY Tel: +90 222 335 0581 ext. 2521 or 2522GSM: +90 542 232 21 167 Fax: +90 222 320 4520 or Emails:3H udemiray@anadolu.edu.tr or4H udemiray33@gmail.comURL: 5Hhttp://home.anadolu.edu.tr/~udemiray URL: http://tojde.anadolu.edu.t
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Editorial
Anadolu University Eskisehir, 2012Co-Authors: Ugur DemirayAbstract:Dear TOJDE Readers, Welcome to the Volume 13 Number: 4 of TOJDE! In this issue, one book review and 26 articles of 49 authors from 15 different countries around the world have been published. These published articles are from, Bahrain, Brazil, Greece, India, Iran, Lithuania, Malaysia, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, USA and Zimbabwe. First all, you should know that if a submission picks up from three TOJDE editors between 4.5 and 9 over all 9 credits, it means that this submission can be published in TOJDE in the coming issue. However, since the Publishing priority of the accepted papers belongs to the highest scored ones, submissions which receive a score between 4.5 and 5 or 6 may wait and be archived for Publishing later on. TOJDE administration respected this Publishing Rule up to now. Therefore, some accepted submissions which obtained over 4.5 have not been published up to now. These submissions were waiting for Publishing in TOJDE in the future. In this issue, we decided to give them a chance to be published. For this reason, the current issue includes more papers than the previous issues. The 1st article arrived from Turkey and written by Serkan ÇELIK, Hasan ATAK and Ahmet BAŞAL, on “Predictive Role of Personality Traits on Internet Addiction". Their study was set and tested on tertiary level students receiving education within two learning modes: face to face and distance education. The 2nd article is titled as “Web-Based Adaptive Testing System (Wats) For Classifying Students Academic Ability” which is written by Jaemu LEE, Kwangho KIM from Busan National University of Education, South Korea and Sanghoon PARK, from Northwestern State University of Louisiana, U.S.A. This study explores; theoretical background and structure of WATS, item construction process based upon item response theory, and user interfaces of WATS were discussed. 3rd article is from Malaysia titled “Development of Interactive Multimedia Courseware (E-Craft) For Craft Education” written by Salyani OSMAN, Noraidah SAHARI, and Nor Azan Mat ZIN from Faculty of Information Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Bangi Selangor, Malaysia. The aim of this paper is to test, analyse and discuss the importance of received positive feedback which signifies the courseware is considered acceptable for effectiveness study and help for further improve of the e-CRAFT courseware. The fourth article is titled as “Integrating Lmss in The Educational Process: Greek Teachers’ Initial Perceptions About Lams”, written by Spyros PAPADAKIS from Hellenic Open University, Nikos DOVROS from University of Crete and Giorgos PASCHALIS from University of Patras and Eleni ROSSIOU, University of Macedonia, Greece. This paper has investigated the initial perceptions of Greek teachers about the integration of LAMS, a Learning Activity Management System, in the educational praxis. Through a multifaceted research method, involving a small scale participatory action research, the research team attempted to investigate the preconditions required to integrate LAMS in the everyday lesson. The 5th article is titled as “Odl Students’ Perceived Computer Literacy Competencies, Expectations of Support Intention To Use And Perseverance ”. Written by Hendrik D. ESTERHUIZEN, Seugnet BLIGNAUT (Corresponding author), Suria M. ELLIS and Christo J. ELS from School of Continuing Teacher Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Potchefstroom, South Africa. This paper reports on disadvantaged South African practising teachers’ perceptions on computer literacy competencies while studying to improve their teaching qualifications. During the process of developing a learning technology integration framework for the School of Continuing Teacher Education at North-West University, South Africa, an initial exploratory survey identified issues and themes for systemic inquiry, in order to provide substance to the integration framework. The 6th article from Iran. It has written on Asynchronous Computer-Mediated Corrective Feedback And The Correct Use Of Prepositions: Is It Really Effective? Written by Seyyed Behrooz HOSSEINI, from IAU Sought Tehran Branch, Faculty of Humanities Tehran. His study investigates the effectiveness of asynchronous computer-mediated corrective feedback-explicit and implicit, on increasing the correct use of prepositions.The 7th article is join study from USA and Zimbabwe. It is titled as “ICT Implementation Challenges And Strategies For Odl Institutions: The ZOU's National Centre Academic Staff Experiences”, written by Richard Tafara NENGE, from Calvin College, USA, Zvinaiye CHIMBADZWA and Tichaona MAPOLISA from Zimbabwe Open University. They highlighted some of the major challenges that Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) academic staff experiences in connection with Information Communication Technology (ICT) implementation. It employed a qualitative paradigm rooted in a case study research design focusing on ZOU Academic Staff at the selected Faculties. The 8th article is experienced as a research and summarized for TOJDE by Ibrahim Umit YAPICI and Hasan AKBAYIN from Dicle University, Faculty of Education, Diyarbakir, Turkey, conducted on “High School Students’ Views On Blended Learning”. The purpose of this study is aimed to determine the high school students’ views on blended learning. As a result of the analysis of the scale, it was seen that their views were “highly” positive. The 9th article is from Nigeria and entiled as “The Use of E-Assessments in The Nigerian Higher Education System”, written by SIR, U. S. A. OSUJI from School Of Education, National Open University Of Nigeria. This paper paper looks at e-assessment as a global change in assessment, benefits of e-assessment, challenges, requirements and responsibilities. Next and 10th article is about “To Learn from Teachers At School, Ideal Teacher Or E-Learning Applications From The Perspectives Of Gifted Students” and written by Bahadir ERISTI, Anadolu University, Turkey. The present study, with the help of metaphors and with respect to different variables, aimed at revealing the views of elementary school gifted students about the roles and behaviors of their teachers in class as well as about the in-class roles and behaviors that they expect from an ideal teacher. The 11th h article titled as “Virtual or Physical: In-Service And Pre-Service Teacher’s Beliefs And Preferences On Manipulatives” and written by Yasar AKKAN, from Gümüshane University, Turkey. In the present study the aimed to determine and compare the beliefs of teachers and pre-service teachers in different branches for the use of virtual and physical manipulatives in mathematics education. 12nd article is “Comparison Between Synchronous And Asynchronous Instructional Delivery Method Of Training Programme On In-Service Physical Educators’ Knowledge”, written by Kyriaki EMMANOUILIDOU, Vassiliki DERRI, Panagiotis ANTONIOU and Pavlos KYRGIRIDIS, From Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Greece. The purpose of the study was to compare the influences of a training programme’s instructional delivery method (synchronous and asynchronous) on Greek in-service physical educators’ cognitive understanding on student assessment. The 13rd one is “Using Blogs to Improve Students’ Summary Writing Abilities”, from Bangkok University, Language Institute, Thailand, written by Orachorn KITCHAKARN. This study set out to be compared students’ summary writing ability before and after they were taught through blog, a new medium or tool for written communication and interaction in many different languages around the world. The 14th article again from Kingdom of Bahrain which is titled as “D4S4: A Four Dimensions Instructional Strategy or Web-based and Blended Learning” written by Hamdy A. ABDELAZIZ, from Arabian Gulf University Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain. The main objective of this paper was to develop a holonomic instructional strategy for Web-based and blended learning. This strategy is guided by the non-linear and interactive features of learning environments. The 15th article from India, on “A Study of Attitude And Perception of The Learners Towards Distance Education In Relation To Their Biographical Factors” written by Samir Kumar LENKA and Ravi KANT, from Maulana Azad National Urdu University. In this study, with the help of one self made tool and a sample of 150 graduate distance learners, it is revealed that gender plays no important role to develop positive attitude and perception. The 16th article arrived from Turkey on “Interaction In Distance Nursing Education” written by Belgin BOZ YUKSEKDAG, Anadolu University, Open Education Faculty, Eskisehir. The purpose of this study is to determine psychiatry nurses’ attitudes toward the interactions in distance nursing education, and also scrunize their attitudes based on demographics and computer/Internet usage. The 17th article arrived to us from India and written by Dhamdhere SANGEETA NAMDEV from Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganesh-Khind, Pune, INDIA, on “Ict And Web Technology Based Innovations In Education Sector”. In this study, paper highlights innovation in education sector and libraries and impact of web 2.0 on students, teaching learning process, educational policies. Future 3.0 generation will be discussed in detail. The article is which numbered as 18 from Malaysia. Article is titled as “Cultural Variations In Learning And Learning Styles”, written by Pegah OMIDVAR and Bee Hoon TAN, Department of English Language, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Putra University. This study summarizes results of the existing research on cultural variations in learning styles. Limitations of the existing studies are discussed and some suggestion for future research is proposed. The 19th article is on “Impact Of Self-Concept Of Disabled Learners On Inclusive Physical Education”, written by Mohammed ALI, from King Abdul Aziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This paper examines the conceptual foundations of self-concept, self-esteem and the self as they relate to disabled students in the context of physical education. In the 20th article, again from Iran. Written by Mahnaz MOHAMADZADEH (Correspond author), Jabraeal FARZANEH, Mina MOUSAVi and Rouhallah MAGHABL, from Payam Noor University, Tehran. His paper titled “Challenges And Strategies For E-Learning Development In The University Of Payam Noor In Iran”. The primary purpose of this study is to identify challenges of electronic learning development in Payam Noor University of Ardabil province of Iran to present feasible solutions for establishing a suitable e-learning system. The 21st article written by Charity FAKINLEDE, from Centre for Distance Education, Athabasca University, Canada on “Cross-Border Distance Education (CBDE) In A Wired World: The Experience Of A Student In Nigeria“.This article is a narrative of the lived experience of a Nigerian student who has undertaken cross-border distance education in a wired world - an age of the Internet. The artice 22nd titled as “Re-Learning Higher Education In The Age Of Convergence: Example of Lithuania”, is written by Loreta ULVYDIENĖ, Vilnius University, Lithuania. A study was carried out technology transfer may be important, it is also necessary to focus on the more diverse and varied impacts of business-university knowledge exchange relations. Thus, she discusses changes in higher education that were implemented in Lithuania during the period of 1992-2012. The 23rd article is about “Attitudes Toward Online Communications In Open And Dıstance Learnıng” written by Irem ERDEM AYDIN, Open Education Faculty, Anadolu University, Turkey. Her article intended to reveal the results of a survey study in which the students’ attitudes toward online communication in open and distance learning were investigated. In the study, affects of the students’ gender and computer experience on their attitudes were also examined. Article 24 written by Nilton Cesar LIMA, Antonio Sergio Torres PENEDO, Marcio Mattos Borges de OLIVEIRA, Sonia Valle Walter Borges de OLIVEIRA and Jamerson Viegas QUEIROZ from on “The Systemic Vision Of The Educational Learning” Brazil. The purpose of this study is aim to discuss some implications of trying to use the systems management as modern teaching methodology. The 25th article written by Lalit Lalitav Mohakud, Rajiba Lochan Mohapatra and Sikshana MANDIRA and Santosh Kumar BEHERA on “Encouraging Higher Education Through Open And Distance Learning (Odl): Some Aspects. Their paper deals with the role of ODL in the promotion of higher education in India. A reviewed book was Harmonizing Global Education-From Genghis Khan To Facebook, written by Jon BAGGALEY which is reviewed by Wolfram LAASER,from Germany. on Baggaley’s book is an exiting and profound piece of academic literature. It also includes personal anecdotes and flash backs about topics he came across during his long academic career as professor at Athabasca University, Concordia University and Memorial University of New Foundland.Then the last article from Anadolu, written by Gulfem GURSES, on Providing Efficient Active Learning On E-Television: Case of “Open Class”. This study was undertaken with an aim to understand whether the effective use of the blackboard, one of the teaching aids utilized by Anadolu University's distance learning program in the e-television Open Classroom, has a positive effect on focus and concentration. Gagné's Theory of Instruction was utilized during this research. Knowledge of the efficient use of the blackboard and the efficient viewing on the television screen is required. Dear readers, you can reach us online either directly at http://tojde.anadolu.edu.tr or by visiting Anadolu University homepage at http://www.anadolu.edu.tr from English version, clicking on Scientific Research button and then going to the Referred Journals. To receive further information and to send your recommendations and remarks, or to submit articles for consideration, please contact TOJDE Secretariat at the below address or e-mail us to tojde@anadolu.edu.tr Hope to stay in touch and meet in our next Issue, on 1st of January 2013.Cordially,Prof. Dr. Ugur Demiray Editor-in-Chief Anadolu University Yunusemre Campus 26470Eskisehir TURKEY Tel: +90 222 335 0581 ext. 2521 or 2522GSM: +90 542 23 22 167 Fax: +90 222 320 4520 or Emails: udemiray@anadolu.edu.tr or udemiray33@gmail.comURL: http://home.anadolu.edu.tr/~udemiray URL: http://tojde.anadolu.edu.t
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From Editor
Anadolu University Eskisehir, 2012Co-Authors: Ugur DemirayAbstract:Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE July 2012 ISSN 1302-6488 Volume: 13 Number: 3 from EditorDear TOJDE Readers,Welcome to the Volume 13 Number: 3 of TOJDE! In this issue, 2 Notes for Editor and 26 articles of 51 authors from 14 different countries around the world have been published. These published articles are from, Algeria, Australia, Bengaldesh, Greece, India, Iran, Malaysia, Mariutius, Nigeria, Oman, Spain, Turkey, USA and Zimbabwe.First all, you should know that if a submission picks up from 3 TOJDE editors between 4.5 and 9 over all 9 credits, it means that this submission can be published in TOJDE in the coming issues. However, since the Publishing priority of the accepted papers belongs to the highest scored ones, submissions which receive a score between 4.5 and 5 or 6 should wait and be archived for Publishing later on. TOJDE administration respected this Publishing Rule up to now. Therefore, some accepted submissions which obtained over 4.5 have not been published yet up to now. These submissions were waiting for Publishing in TOJDE in the future. In this issue, we decided to give them a chance to be published. For this reason, the current issue includes more papers than the previous issues. The 1st Notes for editor arrived from USA and written by Steve McCREA on Transforming Teachers, Transforming Schools: Turning "Sages" Into "Guides on The Side". He mentioned that teachers, educational managers and learners must realize that new opportunities are offered by modern communication. When a teacher becomes a "guide on the side," there is a change in the school's culture that can be measured. This presentation is extracted from a newly published book, Let's Lecture Less, edited by Steve McCrea (Visualandactive.com) and Mario Joel Llorente Leyva. The 2nd notes for editor is titled as “Challenges Encountered By A Distance Learning Organisation” which is written by Dr. Sangeeta MALIK, from Education, Humanities and Social Sciences Symbiosis Centre for Distance Learning, Pune, Maharashtra, India. This study explores; the rapid growth of the adult learner population is increasing the demand of distance learning techniques. The demographic study of the learners will help target the adult learner population and proper training will help organizations to develop course materials and techniques appropriately.The first article is from Australia titled as “Developing A Framework For” written by Dr Mahesh JOSHI, RMIT University, Victoria and Alperhan BABACAN from Swinburne University, Australia. The aim of this paper is to analyse and discuss the importance of infusing blogs as a formative assessment tool in university education. After describing the theoretical aims, design, implementation and evaluation of blogging as a formative assessment tool; the paper supports the argument for the educational use and pedagogical importance of blogging.The second article is titled as “Exploiting ICT and E-Learning In Teacher’s Professional Development in Algeria: The Case of English Secondary School Teachers”, written by Boutkhil GUEMIDE and Chellali BENACHAIBA, from University of Bechar, Algeria. This paper explains why e-learning is a crucial factor in teacher development and outlines how both ICTs and E-learning can help English secondary school teachers’ professional development in Algeria through the creation of an effective e-learning web-site.The 3rd article is titled as “A Model for Beliefs, Tool Acceptance Levels and Web Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Science and Technology Preservice Teachers Towards Web Based Instruction”. Written by Mehmet Barıs HORZUM and Ozlem CANAN GUNGOREN, from Sakarya University, TURKEY. The aim of this study is to examine this relation. In accordance with this aim, the study group of the study is consisted of 363 pre-service teachers. The data collected from pre-service teachers under the research were collected with scales of belief, tools acceptance and WPCK towards WBI. As a result of the research, behavioral and contextual beliefs in WBI beliefs were medium level. The 4th article from Turkey, Anadolu Univesity. Suzan DUYGU ERIŞTI has written on A Multi-Cultural Interaction Through Video Conferencing In Primary Schools. Her study investigated Turkish and Canadian primary school students’ ways of expressing their perception of cultural understanding through video conferencing and that of cultural interaction through video conferencing. Most of the students indicated that videoconferencing encouraged them to learn and understand about different cultures, helped them develop cultural awareness, attracted their attention and increased their motivation.The 5th article is join(bu kelimeden emin değilim joint olabilir!) study from Bengaldesh and India. It is titled as “Teaching English Through Open Non-Formal Education (Onfe) in Bangladesh With An Effective Integration of ICT To Support Learning”, written by Mizanoor RAHMAN, Bengaldesh and Santosh PANDA from India. They analyzed the program which is entitled “English in Action (EIA)”, 9 year period DFID funded project in Bangladesh, was launched in 2008, for the desire to bring a change in the learning of English language. EIA works to reach a total of 25 million primary and secondary students and adult learners through communicative language learning techniques and the use of ICT, textbooks and supplementary materials in an innovative way. The 6th article is experienced as PhD research and summarized for TOJDE by Serpil KOCDAR and Cengiz Hakan AYDIN from Anadolu University Faculty of Open Education, TURKEY, conducted on “Accreditation of Open And Distance Learning: A Framework for Turkey”. The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for the accreditation of higher open and distance learning (ODL) programs in Turkey. The 7th article is from Spain and entitled as “Critical Reading of Research Articles As Oral Activator In The Language Class”, written by Veronica VIVANCO, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain. Her paper reports on an experience carried out with second course students of the School of Aeronautical Engineers the Polytechnic University of Madrid in the subject class Modern Technical Language. The students have experienced an evident improvement in the speed of the discourse since the interest for the subject matter has made them lose their inhibitions in the participation in the oral activities; it has also noticed that a better intonation which has become richer and more lively when compared to the monotonous tone they had before the critical reading experience. But, apart from these linguistic factors, we believe that the exposition of their critical ideas has developed both their humanism and their scientific mind.Next and 8th article is titled as “Comparison of Novice Programmers’ Performances: Blended Versus Face-To-Face” and written by Unal CAKIROGLU, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. In his study, he investigated the effect of blended learning on novices’ understandings of the introductory programming. A quasi-experimental design with participants of preservice computer and instructional technologies teachers, one control group (CG, N=64) and one experimental group (EG, N=61) who received the course 11 weeks. While face-to-face courses were taught face-to-face in classroom and in lab, blended courses were conducted in synchronous and asynchronous settings and also in lab sessions. The pretest, posttest and delayed tests were used to collect data. The participants in two groups were separated into three categories (poor, average and good) according to the pretest results. The results of the study showed that blended and face-to-face courses have statistically similar effects on academic achievements among the three categories. The 9th article titled as “An Investigation Into The Attitude of College Teachers Towards E- Learning in Purulia District Of West Bengal, India” and written by Dr. Santosh Kumar BEHERA, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, India. In the present study, the investigator made an attempt to study the attitude of college teachers towards E-learning in Purulia district of West Bengal. One hundred teachers (both male and female) teaching in Arts and Science streams were taken as representative sample of the whole population. An attitude scale was used for collecting the data. The means of both groups were tested for significance of difference by using ‘t’ test. The differences in the groups were statistically significant and the attitude of College teachers was more favourable towards E-learning.The 10th article is “Developing Conceptual Framework For Revising Self-Learning Materials (SLMS) of The Open School (OS) of Bangladesh Open University (BOU) At A Digital Environment”, written by Sabina YEASMIN, Bangladesh Open University and CRK MURTHY, Professor of Distance Education, STRIDE, IGNOU, INDIA. This study collects data from tutors, distance educators, writers and reviewers and finally develops a framework for revising the OS SLMs at a digital environment for Ministerial project entitled Teaching Quality Improvement (TQI) partnering with the BOU School of Education with new texts.The 11th one is “Challenges of Attending E-Learning Studies in Nigeria” from Nigeria, written by Stephan Z. BUGI, National Open University of Nigeria. This study set out to find out what challenges the E-leaner faces in the Nigerian environment. Survey research design was used to obtain the opinion of 200 randomly selected E-learners in Kaduna metropolis. Their responses revealed that the most prominent challenges they face are, Inadequate Power supply, Internet connectivity problems, Efficacy of service providers, Affordability of computer hardware, Software and other accessories, Depth of knowledge and skills of internet operation, Cost of accessing Internet and production of hard copy. Of all these problems, power supply and its inadequacy ranked highest while depth Internet knowledge and skills ranked last. Recommendations were made on how to solve these challenges.The 12th article again from Turkey which is titled as “Primary School Students’ Attitudes Towards Computer Based Testing And Assessment In Turkey” written by Irfan YURDABAKAN and Cicek UZUNKAVAK, Izmir. This study investigated the attitudes of primary school students towards computer based testing and assessment in terms of different variables. The sample for this research is primary school students attending a computer based testing and assessment application via CITO-OIS. The “Scale on Attitudes towards Computer Based Testing and Assessment” to collect data and the results obtained were compared in terms of school type, gender, and grade level. The results of this study revealed that significant differences exist between attitudes of students from different schools. The 13th article from USA-Texas on “Examination Of Factors Impacting Student Satisfaction With A New Learning Management System” written by Lucy Santos GREEN, Fethi A. INAN and Bree DENTON from Texas Tech University, USA. The purpose of this study was to determine factors that influenced student satisfaction with a new learning management system and to identify which of these factors were most important. The data was collected using an an online survey tool that was administered to students enrolled in courses designed and taught by faculty who participated in a pilot group testing a new learning management system (LMS). Study findings will be used to improve LMS training and institution-wide technology support.The 14th article arrived from Mauritius on “The Pan African E-Network Project: A New Learning Culture” written by Nundoo-Ghoorah SUNITI and Joyejob TARA from Mauritius College of the Air, Mauritius. This paper sets out to explore the paradigm shift in learning culture brought about by the advent of online learning in the mostly print-based ODL system at the Mauritius College of the Air (MCA). It delves into the perceptions of learners and MCA staff involved in a range of undergraduate to Master’s programmes forming part of the Pan African e-Network Project that wires 23 African countries with top-ranking Indian universities through synchronous and interactive state of the art technology.The 15th article arrived to us from Turkey and written by Hacer OZYURT, Ozcan OZYURT and Adnan BAKI from Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, on “Architecture and Design Process of The Individualized Assesment System Integrable To Distance Education Softwares”. Study covers the structure, characteristics and architecture of the computerized adaptive test systems in detail. It dwells on the Item Response theory which is used for improving computerized adaptive test systems and the models with which this theory is used. Besides, processing steps which are required to realize a computerized adaptive test system and algorithms used for the validation of the test systems are introduced in detail. The 16th article is 1 from Greece. The article is titled as “Support And Promotion of Self-Regulated Learning Through The Educational Material At The Hellenic Open University”, written by Evi NIKOLAKI and Maria I. KOUTSOUBA, Greece. The study indicates that the self-regulated learning is considerably supported and promoted by the printed educational material at the HOU due to its interactive pedagogigal structure. However, it is pointed out that it is possible to maximize the support provided through the improvement of the present structures’ function.The 17th article is “Empowering the Human Resources and The Role of Distance Learning”, written by Sukmaya LAMA and Mridusmita KASHYAP, RTA, KKHSOU, India. The present paper aims to look into the role of distance education in Assam and the potential it carries in building a huge wealth of human resources. In the 18th article, again from India, written by Bhagwan SHREE RAM and M. SELVARAJ, Anna University of Technology, Tamil Nadu. Their paper titled as “Impact of Computer Based Online Entrepreneurship Distance Education in India”. This research paper investigates the impact of computer based online entrepreneurship on distance education in India.The 19th article written by Satya Sundar SETHY, from Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, on “Cognitive Skills: A Modest Way of Learning Through Technology“. This article discusses how cognitive skills assist learners in their learning through technology instructions. Further, it elucidates the technological impacts in the distance learning scenario. Consequently, it argues that the intervention of suitable and advanced technology helps learners to develop their cognitive skills and assists in their learning activities.The artice 20th, “A Case For Quality And Standards Within The Context Of Open And Distance Education: A Case Study of One Zimbabwean University”, is written by Wellington SAMKANGE, Zimbabwe Open University, Zimbabwe. A study was carried out to assess the assessment procedures used at one Open and Distance Learning (ODL) institution in Zimbabwe. The study focused on the views and perceptions of current and former students of the university. The study also analyzed some documents on assessment procedures at the university. The study used the qualitative methodology and data was qualitatively analyzed. Results indicated that both current and former students were generally satisfied in their programmes.The 21th article is “Blended Learning (BL) As Pedagogical Alternative To Teach Business Communication Course: Case Study of Uum Executive Diploma Program”. Conducted by Hisham DZAKIRIA, Mohd Sobri DON @ A. Wahab and Hamzah Dato’ A. RAHMAN, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Article suggests that BL offered a comfortable middle ground, and has lots of potential in HE for Malaysia. It is a pedagogical alternative that could play a significant role not only for teaching BC, but has the potential to promote lifelong learning initiatives in Malaysia in a much meaningful and inviting way. The 22th article is about “TOJDE”, which is titled as “Tojde: Electronic Publishing and A Review of Ten Years’ Experience in Turkey” written by Yasin OZARSLAN, Osmangazi University, Jale BALABAN-SALI and Ugur DEMIRAY. his review examines The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education (TOJDE) over a ten years period from 2000-2010. The study provides an opportunity to examine Publishing activities such as number of published articles, authors, research topics and methods, and analyses of TOJDE’s website such as time users stay on site and user profiles. After a content analysis, the articles were reviewed according to the selected criteria. These data were categorized according to emerging themes. Most parts of the data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and presented with tables and figures. The results can be used to review current DE research trends and to explore potential research directions.Article 23rd written by Soghra OMRANI, Payam-e-Noor University, Hashem FARDANESH, Tarbiat Modarres University, Nima HEMMATI, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Naser HEMMATI, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IRAN on “Exploring An Appropriate Instructional Design Model For Continuing Medical Education” from Iran. The purpose of this study was to identify an appropriate integrated instructional design model for continuing Medical Education using electronic learning method and compare it with traditional method. Professional Development Between Iranian Distance Education PNU EFL University Teachers And Traditional Non-Pnu EFL University Teachers” is written by Hassan SOLEIMANI and Monir KHALILIYAN from Payame Noor University, IRAN and placed as 24th article in this issue. They examined university teachers’ attitude to professional development in a type of distance learning educational system in Iran and examined their attitudes with their counterparts teaching in on-campus educational systems.The 25th article of this issue is from Oman. It is titled as Interactions Quality in Moodle as Perceived By Learners And Its Relation With Some Variables written by Ahmed Yousif ABDELRAHEEM, from Sultan Qaboos University of Oman. The aim of this articlewas to identify learners’ perceptions of the quality of interaction in Moodle and investigate the effects of gender, grade point average (GPA), individualized learning experiences and their experiences in using Moodle factors in perceiving the quality of interaction.The last one on “Education Systems And Academic Satisfaction: A Study on Rural and Urban Students of Traditional Vs Open Education System in India, written by Shashi SINGH, Ajay SINGH and Kiran SINGH from India. This paper aims to compare the level of academic satisfaction among the students of Traditional Education System and Open Education System. This paper also investigates academic satisfaction of urban and rural based students and comparing them over traditional (Urban: 110; Rural: 90), and open (Urban: 80; Rural: 71) education system.Dear readers, please contact TOJDE Secretariat at the below address or e-mail us to tojde@anadolu.edu.tr to receive further information and send your recommendations and remarks, or to submit your articles for consideration. Hope to stay in touch and meet in our next Issue, on 1st of October 2012.Cordially, Prof. Dr. Ugur Demiray Editor-in-Chief Anadolu University Yunusemre Campus 26470-Eskisehir TURKEY Tel: +90 222 335 0581 ext. 2521 or 2522GSM: +90 542 232 21 167 Fax: +90 222 320 4520 or Email(s) : udemiray@anadolu.edu.tr or udemiray33@gmail.comURL: http://home.anadolu.edu.tr/~udemiray or http://tojde.anadolu.edu.t
Thomas W. Shinder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chapter 7 isa 2006 stateful inspection and application layer filtering
Dr. Tom Shinder's ISA Server 2006 Migration Guide, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas W. ShinderAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter describes ISA 2006 stateful inspection and application layer filtering. The ISA firewall's Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) filter configuration interface can be accessed by opening the Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration Server 2006 management console, expanding the server name and then, expanding the Configuration node. The Post Office Protocol (POP) Intrusion Detection filter protects POP3 servers published by the ISA firewall using Server Publishing Rules from POP services buffer overflow attacks. There is no configuration interface for the POP Intrusion Detection filter. The Firewall client is a generic Winsock Proxy client application. All applications designed to the Windows Sockets specification will automatically use the Firewall client. The Maximum headers length option allows you to configure the maximum length of all headers included in a request Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) communication. This setting applies to all Rules that use the HTTP Security filter. The Allow only specified methods option allows you to specify the exact methods you want to allow through the ISA firewall. It is found that an HTTP policy can be exported from or imported into an Access Rule that uses the HTTP protocol, or a Web Publishing Rule.
