The Experts below are selected from a list of 1287 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gino Bella - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative environmental assessment of conventional Electric hybrid and fuel cell powertrains based on lca
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2017Co-Authors: Lidia Lombardi, Laura Tribioli, Raffaello Cozzolino, Gino BellaAbstract:Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the environmental impact differences of four types of Vehicles on a life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective: a conventional gasoline Vehicle, a Pure Electric Vehicle, a plug-in hybrid gasoline-Electric Vehicle, and a plug-in hybrid fuel cell-battery Vehicle. The novelty of the approach is to consider the different powertrains—Electric and hybrids—as a repowering of the conventional powertrain. This way, the attention can be focused only on the powertrain differences and inefficiencies, with the added value of avoiding further assumptions, which could cause the analysis to be somehow rough.
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comparative environmental assessment of conventional Electric hybrid and fuel cell powertrains based on lca
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2017Co-Authors: Lidia Lombardi, Laura Tribioli, Raffaello Cozzolino, Gino BellaAbstract:The purpose of this study is to compare the environmental impact differences of four types of Vehicles on a life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective: a conventional gasoline Vehicle, a Pure Electric Vehicle, a plug-in hybrid gasoline-Electric Vehicle, and a plug-in hybrid fuel cell-battery Vehicle. The novelty of the approach is to consider the different powertrains—Electric and hybrids—as a repowering of the conventional powertrain. This way, the attention can be focused only on the powertrain differences and inefficiencies, with the added value of avoiding further assumptions, which could cause the analysis to be somehow rough. Thus, we compared four powertrain scenarios maintaining the same Vehicle chassis, and we compared the impacts from the powertrain production, Vehicle use phase, and powertrain end of life only. Hence, special attention was paid to the inventory for powertrain construction and use phase. For the powertrain components, an accurate literature survey has been carried out for the life cycle inventory. For the use phase, several driving cycles, both standardized and real-world type, have been simulated in order to properly evaluate the effect on the fuel/Electricity consumption. For the comparison, environmental indicators according to cumulative energy demand (CED) and ReCiPe Midpoint methods have been used. This way, an analysis of the environmental impact, based on a life cycle impact assessment approach, is provided, which allows thoroughly comparing the systems based on the different powertrains. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis on different energy mixes has been included, which represents also a way to take into account changes in Electricity production. Results are presented according to life cycle impact assessment, which examines the mass and energy inventory input and output data for a product system to translate these data to better identify their possible environmental relevance and significance. In the case of the climate change (CC), fuel depletion (FD), and CED indicators, the lowest value corresponds to the plug-in hybrid gasoline-Electric Vehicle, followed by the plug-in hybrid fuel cell-battery Vehicle, the Pure Electric, and finally the conventional gasoline Vehicle. Substituting a conventional gasoline powertrain with the corresponding Pure Electric one offers the lowest reduction, but still of valuable amount. In our analysis, for the considered systems, the reduction of the value of CC is about 15%, the reduction of the value of CED is about 12%, and the reduction of FD value is about 28%. This analysis underlines the weakness of a tank-to-wheel comparison, according to which the Pure Electric powertrain, having a very high average efficiency, results in being the less consuming, followed by the hybrid gasoline-Electric and fuel cell-battery Vehicles, respectively, and then by the conventional Vehicle. Instead, in terms of CED, the bad influence of the low average efficiency of the Italian Electricity production is highlighted. The LCA approach also stresses out the importance of the battery inventory, which can make the environmental performance of the system based on the Pure Electric Vehicle significantly worse than those based on the conventional Vehicle. Of a great significance is the presence of a group of indicators—including human toxicity, eutrophication, and acidification—with lower values in the case of conventional gasoline Vehicle than in the Electric and hybrid ones, which further confirms that the potential of electrified Vehicles strictly depends on an efficient production and recycling of the battery. The analysis underlines an alarming list of environmental impact indicators, usually neglected, which are worsened by the powertrains electrification. Operating on the production processes, used materials and recycling phase can possibly mitigate these worsening effects. Also, the type of Electricity is shown to strongly affect the results. Thus, performing specific evaluations for different countries is crucial and a sensitivity analysis, involving drastically different energy mixes, can allow for taking into account possible changes in the future Electricity production.
Xiaonan Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental study on combined defrosting performance of heat pump air conditioning system for Pure Electric Vehicle in low temperature
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Guang Hui Zhou, Enhai Liu, Yuying Yan, Tong Chen, Xiaonan ChenAbstract:The development of defrosting technology is a crucial technical barrier to the application of the heat pump air conditioning system for the Pure Electric Vehicle. The frosting on the air conditioning system significantly affects systematic performance and reliable operation especially in low temperature and high humidity climate condition. Therefore, in this paper, an experimental study of low-temperature heat pump air conditioning system with the combined defrost technology of increasing enthalpy and temperature is carried out to find proper thermal management solutions. Based on the reverse-cycle methods, the combined defrost technology makes full use of the compressor air-supplying enthalpy-adding, air-cooled heat exchanger inside the Vehicle preheating, temperature-raising, enthalpy-adding and the external heat exchanger condensation temperature-increasing technologies. The fast defrosting process can be realized by means of releasing the condensation heat and volume significantly while the outer heat exchanger is conducting a defrosting operation. Meanwhile, the cold cabin sensitivity can be reduced while defrosting process taking place correspondingly. Experimental results show that under the operating condition of −20 °C outside environment temperature and 80% relative humidity, instant defrosting time at fully defrosted air-cooled heat exchanger outside the Vehicle can be controlled within 100 s.
Guang Hui Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental study on combined defrosting performance of heat pump air conditioning system for Pure Electric Vehicle in low temperature
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Guang Hui Zhou, Enhai Liu, Yuying Yan, Tong Chen, Xiaonan ChenAbstract:The development of defrosting technology is a crucial technical barrier to the application of the heat pump air conditioning system for the Pure Electric Vehicle. The frosting on the air conditioning system significantly affects systematic performance and reliable operation especially in low temperature and high humidity climate condition. Therefore, in this paper, an experimental study of low-temperature heat pump air conditioning system with the combined defrost technology of increasing enthalpy and temperature is carried out to find proper thermal management solutions. Based on the reverse-cycle methods, the combined defrost technology makes full use of the compressor air-supplying enthalpy-adding, air-cooled heat exchanger inside the Vehicle preheating, temperature-raising, enthalpy-adding and the external heat exchanger condensation temperature-increasing technologies. The fast defrosting process can be realized by means of releasing the condensation heat and volume significantly while the outer heat exchanger is conducting a defrosting operation. Meanwhile, the cold cabin sensitivity can be reduced while defrosting process taking place correspondingly. Experimental results show that under the operating condition of −20 °C outside environment temperature and 80% relative humidity, instant defrosting time at fully defrosted air-cooled heat exchanger outside the Vehicle can be controlled within 100 s.
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Heat pump air conditioning system for Pure Electric Vehicle at ultra-low temperature
Thermal Science, 2014Co-Authors: Hai-jun Li, An Gui Li, Xu Ge Li, Guang Hui Zhou, Ya Nan Li, Jie ChenAbstract:When the ordinary heat pump air conditioning system of a Pure Electric Vehicle runs at ultra-low temperature, the discharge temperature of compressor will be too high and the heating capacity of the system will decay seriously, it will lead to inactivity of the heating system. In order to solve this problem, a modification is put forward, and an experiment is also designed. The experimental results show that in the same conditions, this new heating system increases more than 20% of the heating capacity; when the outside environment temperature is negative 20 degrees, the discharge temperature of compressor is below 60 degrees.
Lidia Lombardi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative environmental assessment of conventional Electric hybrid and fuel cell powertrains based on lca
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2017Co-Authors: Lidia Lombardi, Laura Tribioli, Raffaello Cozzolino, Gino BellaAbstract:Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the environmental impact differences of four types of Vehicles on a life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective: a conventional gasoline Vehicle, a Pure Electric Vehicle, a plug-in hybrid gasoline-Electric Vehicle, and a plug-in hybrid fuel cell-battery Vehicle. The novelty of the approach is to consider the different powertrains—Electric and hybrids—as a repowering of the conventional powertrain. This way, the attention can be focused only on the powertrain differences and inefficiencies, with the added value of avoiding further assumptions, which could cause the analysis to be somehow rough.
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comparative environmental assessment of conventional Electric hybrid and fuel cell powertrains based on lca
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2017Co-Authors: Lidia Lombardi, Laura Tribioli, Raffaello Cozzolino, Gino BellaAbstract:The purpose of this study is to compare the environmental impact differences of four types of Vehicles on a life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective: a conventional gasoline Vehicle, a Pure Electric Vehicle, a plug-in hybrid gasoline-Electric Vehicle, and a plug-in hybrid fuel cell-battery Vehicle. The novelty of the approach is to consider the different powertrains—Electric and hybrids—as a repowering of the conventional powertrain. This way, the attention can be focused only on the powertrain differences and inefficiencies, with the added value of avoiding further assumptions, which could cause the analysis to be somehow rough. Thus, we compared four powertrain scenarios maintaining the same Vehicle chassis, and we compared the impacts from the powertrain production, Vehicle use phase, and powertrain end of life only. Hence, special attention was paid to the inventory for powertrain construction and use phase. For the powertrain components, an accurate literature survey has been carried out for the life cycle inventory. For the use phase, several driving cycles, both standardized and real-world type, have been simulated in order to properly evaluate the effect on the fuel/Electricity consumption. For the comparison, environmental indicators according to cumulative energy demand (CED) and ReCiPe Midpoint methods have been used. This way, an analysis of the environmental impact, based on a life cycle impact assessment approach, is provided, which allows thoroughly comparing the systems based on the different powertrains. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis on different energy mixes has been included, which represents also a way to take into account changes in Electricity production. Results are presented according to life cycle impact assessment, which examines the mass and energy inventory input and output data for a product system to translate these data to better identify their possible environmental relevance and significance. In the case of the climate change (CC), fuel depletion (FD), and CED indicators, the lowest value corresponds to the plug-in hybrid gasoline-Electric Vehicle, followed by the plug-in hybrid fuel cell-battery Vehicle, the Pure Electric, and finally the conventional gasoline Vehicle. Substituting a conventional gasoline powertrain with the corresponding Pure Electric one offers the lowest reduction, but still of valuable amount. In our analysis, for the considered systems, the reduction of the value of CC is about 15%, the reduction of the value of CED is about 12%, and the reduction of FD value is about 28%. This analysis underlines the weakness of a tank-to-wheel comparison, according to which the Pure Electric powertrain, having a very high average efficiency, results in being the less consuming, followed by the hybrid gasoline-Electric and fuel cell-battery Vehicles, respectively, and then by the conventional Vehicle. Instead, in terms of CED, the bad influence of the low average efficiency of the Italian Electricity production is highlighted. The LCA approach also stresses out the importance of the battery inventory, which can make the environmental performance of the system based on the Pure Electric Vehicle significantly worse than those based on the conventional Vehicle. Of a great significance is the presence of a group of indicators—including human toxicity, eutrophication, and acidification—with lower values in the case of conventional gasoline Vehicle than in the Electric and hybrid ones, which further confirms that the potential of electrified Vehicles strictly depends on an efficient production and recycling of the battery. The analysis underlines an alarming list of environmental impact indicators, usually neglected, which are worsened by the powertrains electrification. Operating on the production processes, used materials and recycling phase can possibly mitigate these worsening effects. Also, the type of Electricity is shown to strongly affect the results. Thus, performing specific evaluations for different countries is crucial and a sensitivity analysis, involving drastically different energy mixes, can allow for taking into account possible changes in the future Electricity production.
Laura Tribioli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative environmental assessment of conventional Electric hybrid and fuel cell powertrains based on lca
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2017Co-Authors: Lidia Lombardi, Laura Tribioli, Raffaello Cozzolino, Gino BellaAbstract:Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the environmental impact differences of four types of Vehicles on a life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective: a conventional gasoline Vehicle, a Pure Electric Vehicle, a plug-in hybrid gasoline-Electric Vehicle, and a plug-in hybrid fuel cell-battery Vehicle. The novelty of the approach is to consider the different powertrains—Electric and hybrids—as a repowering of the conventional powertrain. This way, the attention can be focused only on the powertrain differences and inefficiencies, with the added value of avoiding further assumptions, which could cause the analysis to be somehow rough.
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comparative environmental assessment of conventional Electric hybrid and fuel cell powertrains based on lca
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2017Co-Authors: Lidia Lombardi, Laura Tribioli, Raffaello Cozzolino, Gino BellaAbstract:The purpose of this study is to compare the environmental impact differences of four types of Vehicles on a life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective: a conventional gasoline Vehicle, a Pure Electric Vehicle, a plug-in hybrid gasoline-Electric Vehicle, and a plug-in hybrid fuel cell-battery Vehicle. The novelty of the approach is to consider the different powertrains—Electric and hybrids—as a repowering of the conventional powertrain. This way, the attention can be focused only on the powertrain differences and inefficiencies, with the added value of avoiding further assumptions, which could cause the analysis to be somehow rough. Thus, we compared four powertrain scenarios maintaining the same Vehicle chassis, and we compared the impacts from the powertrain production, Vehicle use phase, and powertrain end of life only. Hence, special attention was paid to the inventory for powertrain construction and use phase. For the powertrain components, an accurate literature survey has been carried out for the life cycle inventory. For the use phase, several driving cycles, both standardized and real-world type, have been simulated in order to properly evaluate the effect on the fuel/Electricity consumption. For the comparison, environmental indicators according to cumulative energy demand (CED) and ReCiPe Midpoint methods have been used. This way, an analysis of the environmental impact, based on a life cycle impact assessment approach, is provided, which allows thoroughly comparing the systems based on the different powertrains. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis on different energy mixes has been included, which represents also a way to take into account changes in Electricity production. Results are presented according to life cycle impact assessment, which examines the mass and energy inventory input and output data for a product system to translate these data to better identify their possible environmental relevance and significance. In the case of the climate change (CC), fuel depletion (FD), and CED indicators, the lowest value corresponds to the plug-in hybrid gasoline-Electric Vehicle, followed by the plug-in hybrid fuel cell-battery Vehicle, the Pure Electric, and finally the conventional gasoline Vehicle. Substituting a conventional gasoline powertrain with the corresponding Pure Electric one offers the lowest reduction, but still of valuable amount. In our analysis, for the considered systems, the reduction of the value of CC is about 15%, the reduction of the value of CED is about 12%, and the reduction of FD value is about 28%. This analysis underlines the weakness of a tank-to-wheel comparison, according to which the Pure Electric powertrain, having a very high average efficiency, results in being the less consuming, followed by the hybrid gasoline-Electric and fuel cell-battery Vehicles, respectively, and then by the conventional Vehicle. Instead, in terms of CED, the bad influence of the low average efficiency of the Italian Electricity production is highlighted. The LCA approach also stresses out the importance of the battery inventory, which can make the environmental performance of the system based on the Pure Electric Vehicle significantly worse than those based on the conventional Vehicle. Of a great significance is the presence of a group of indicators—including human toxicity, eutrophication, and acidification—with lower values in the case of conventional gasoline Vehicle than in the Electric and hybrid ones, which further confirms that the potential of electrified Vehicles strictly depends on an efficient production and recycling of the battery. The analysis underlines an alarming list of environmental impact indicators, usually neglected, which are worsened by the powertrains electrification. Operating on the production processes, used materials and recycling phase can possibly mitigate these worsening effects. Also, the type of Electricity is shown to strongly affect the results. Thus, performing specific evaluations for different countries is crucial and a sensitivity analysis, involving drastically different energy mixes, can allow for taking into account possible changes in the future Electricity production.
