The Experts below are selected from a list of 447 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jon E. Grant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cognitive inflexibility in a young woman with Pyromania.
Journal of behavioral addictions, 2018Co-Authors: Austin W. Blum, Brian L. Odlaug, Jon E. GrantAbstract:BackgroundPyromania is a rare disorder that is characterized by multiple episodes of deliberate and purposeful fire-setting. It is typically associated with significant psychosocial dysfunction and legal problems. Even so, little research has examined cognitive aspects of the disorder.Case presentation/studyIn this study, we compared a 24-year-old woman with Pyromania with 19 age- and gender-matched healthy controls using a battery of computerized neurocognitive tasks. Our participant affected by Pyromania showed impaired cognitive flexibility but intact functioning on measures of impulsive action and decision-making.DiscussionAlthough Pyromania shares phenomenological similarities with other urge-driven disorders, our results suggest that Pyromania may have features of compulsivity as well.ConclusionsPyromania is relatively understudied from a neurobiological perspective. Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology, classification, and treatment of Pyromania.
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PERSPECTIVE Impulse control disorders and “behavioural addictions ” in the ICD-11
2016Co-Authors: Jon E. Grant, Murad Atmaca, Naomi A. Fineberg, Leonardo F. Fontenelle, Hisato Matsunaga, Helen Blair Simpson, Per Hove Thomsen, Odile A. Van Den Heuvel, Y. Janardhan C. Reddy, David Veale Douglas W. WoodsAbstract:Psychiatric classifications have traditionally recognized a number of conditions as representing impulse control dis-orders. These have included pathological gambling, inter-mittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, Pyromania, and trichotillomania. In 1992, theWorldHealthOrganization (WHO) described habit and impulse disorders (F63) as characterized by repeat-ed acts that have no clear rational motivation, generally harm the person’s own interests and those of other people, and are associatedwith impulses the person experiences as uncontrol-lable (1). In DSM-IV-TR, the American Psychiatric Associa-tion further characterized these impulse control disorders as being preceded by a rise in tension before the behaviour or when resisting the behaviour, and followed by pleasure, grati-fication, or relief of tension (2)
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Impulse control disorders and "behavioural addictions" in the ICD-11
World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 2014Co-Authors: Jon E. Grant, Murad Atmaca, Naomi A. Fineberg, Leonardo F. Fontenelle, Hisato Matsunaga, Y.c. Janardhan Reddy, Helen Blair Simpson, Per Hove Thomsen, Odile A. Van Den Heuvel, David VealeAbstract:Psychiatric classifications have traditionally recognized a number of conditions as representing impulse control disorders. These have included pathological gambling, intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, Pyromania, and trichotillomania.
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Impulse Control Disorders
Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 2014Co-Authors: Jon E. Grant, Brian L. OdlaugAbstract:In the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV-TR), the category “impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified” included kleptomania, intermittent explosive disorder, Pyromania, pathological gambling, and trichotillomania. In the fifth edition of the DSM (DSM-5), however, several classification changes were made. Pathological gambling is called “Gambling Disorder” and included in the category of “Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders”; Intermittent explosive disorder maintains the same name but is included in the category of “Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders”; Trichotillomania is called “Hair Pulling Disorder (Trichotillomania)” and included in the category “Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders” along with, among others, another body-focused repetitive behavior called excoriation (skin picking) disorder. Despite classification or categorization changes, however, these disorders continue to share common core qualities, including (1) a repetitive or compulsive engagement in a behavior despite adverse consequences; (2) a diminished control over the problematic behavior; (3) an appetitive (“▶Urge”) or craving state prior to engagement in the problematic behavior; and (4) a hedonic quality during the performance of the problematic behavior (“▶ Impulsivity”). Despite being fairly common among adolescents and adults, impulse control disorders (ICDs) have been relatively understudied (Grant 2008). Currently in the USA, for example, there are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications for the treatment of any of the impulse control disorders. These essays review the available research on the pharmacological treatments of kleptomania, intermittent explosive disorder, and Pyromania (gambling disorder and hair pulling disorder [trichotillomania] are discussed elsewhere), and the advantages and disadvantages of different agents, as well as the reason for the preference of one medication over another.
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Phenomenology and treatment of behavioural addictions.
Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2013Co-Authors: Jon E. Grant, Liana R. N. Schreiber, Brian L. OdlaugAbstract:Behavioural addictions are characterized by an inability to resist an urge or drive resulting in actions that are harmful to oneself or others. Behavioural addictions share characteristics with substance and alcohol abuse, and in areas such as natural history, phenomenology, and adverse consequences. Behavioural addictions include pathological gambling, kleptomania, Pyromania, compulsive buying, compulsive sexual behaviour, Internet addiction, and binge eating disorder. Few studies have examined the efficacy of pharmacological and psychological treatment for the various behavioural addictions, and therefore, currently, no treatment recommendations can be made.
Elisabetta Lalumera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Potential Tension in DSM-5: The General Definition of Mental Disorder versus Some Specific Diagnostic Criteria
The Journal of medicine and philosophy, 2018Co-Authors: M. Cristina Amoretti, Elisabetta LalumeraAbstract:The general concept of mental disorder specified in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is definitional in character: a mental disorder might be identified with a harmful dysfunction. The manual also contains the explicit claim that each individual mental disorder should meet the requirements posed by the definition. The aim of this article is two-fold. First, we shall analyze the definition of the superordinate concept of mental disorder to better understand what necessary (and sufficient) criteria actually characterize such a concept. Second, we shall consider the concepts of some individual mental disorders and show that they are in tension with the definition of the superordinate concept, taking Pyromania and narcissistic personality disorder as case studies. Our main point is that an unexplained and not-operationalized dysfunction requirement that is included in the general definition, while being systematically violated by the diagnostic criteria of specific mental disorders, is a logical error. Then, either we unpack and operationalize the dysfunction requirement, and include explicit diagnostic criteria that can actually meet it, or we simply drop it.
Brian L. Odlaug - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cognitive inflexibility in a young woman with Pyromania.
Journal of behavioral addictions, 2018Co-Authors: Austin W. Blum, Brian L. Odlaug, Jon E. GrantAbstract:BackgroundPyromania is a rare disorder that is characterized by multiple episodes of deliberate and purposeful fire-setting. It is typically associated with significant psychosocial dysfunction and legal problems. Even so, little research has examined cognitive aspects of the disorder.Case presentation/studyIn this study, we compared a 24-year-old woman with Pyromania with 19 age- and gender-matched healthy controls using a battery of computerized neurocognitive tasks. Our participant affected by Pyromania showed impaired cognitive flexibility but intact functioning on measures of impulsive action and decision-making.DiscussionAlthough Pyromania shares phenomenological similarities with other urge-driven disorders, our results suggest that Pyromania may have features of compulsivity as well.ConclusionsPyromania is relatively understudied from a neurobiological perspective. Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology, classification, and treatment of Pyromania.
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Impulse Control Disorders
Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 2014Co-Authors: Jon E. Grant, Brian L. OdlaugAbstract:In the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV-TR), the category “impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified” included kleptomania, intermittent explosive disorder, Pyromania, pathological gambling, and trichotillomania. In the fifth edition of the DSM (DSM-5), however, several classification changes were made. Pathological gambling is called “Gambling Disorder” and included in the category of “Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders”; Intermittent explosive disorder maintains the same name but is included in the category of “Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders”; Trichotillomania is called “Hair Pulling Disorder (Trichotillomania)” and included in the category “Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders” along with, among others, another body-focused repetitive behavior called excoriation (skin picking) disorder. Despite classification or categorization changes, however, these disorders continue to share common core qualities, including (1) a repetitive or compulsive engagement in a behavior despite adverse consequences; (2) a diminished control over the problematic behavior; (3) an appetitive (“▶Urge”) or craving state prior to engagement in the problematic behavior; and (4) a hedonic quality during the performance of the problematic behavior (“▶ Impulsivity”). Despite being fairly common among adolescents and adults, impulse control disorders (ICDs) have been relatively understudied (Grant 2008). Currently in the USA, for example, there are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications for the treatment of any of the impulse control disorders. These essays review the available research on the pharmacological treatments of kleptomania, intermittent explosive disorder, and Pyromania (gambling disorder and hair pulling disorder [trichotillomania] are discussed elsewhere), and the advantages and disadvantages of different agents, as well as the reason for the preference of one medication over another.
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Phenomenology and treatment of behavioural addictions.
Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2013Co-Authors: Jon E. Grant, Liana R. N. Schreiber, Brian L. OdlaugAbstract:Behavioural addictions are characterized by an inability to resist an urge or drive resulting in actions that are harmful to oneself or others. Behavioural addictions share characteristics with substance and alcohol abuse, and in areas such as natural history, phenomenology, and adverse consequences. Behavioural addictions include pathological gambling, kleptomania, Pyromania, compulsive buying, compulsive sexual behaviour, Internet addiction, and binge eating disorder. Few studies have examined the efficacy of pharmacological and psychological treatment for the various behavioural addictions, and therefore, currently, no treatment recommendations can be made.
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Assessment and Treatment of Pyromania
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2012Co-Authors: Jon E. Grant, Brian L. OdlaugAbstract:Pyromania, also referred to as pathological fire setting, is a disorder defined by the deliberate and purposeful fire setting that has occurred on more than one occasion and that cannot be attributed to another psychiatric disorder. Although juvenile or adolescent fire-setting behavior or match play is a fairly common occurrence, clinical Pyromania is a rare disorder associated with shame and embarrassment, significant psychosocial dysfunction, and legal consequences. Case reports and small controlled clinical trials have reported the successful treatment of fire-setting behavior through both pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic means. Pyromania, however, is a largely misunderstood, unrecognized, and untreated disorder.
M. Cristina Amoretti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Potential Tension in DMS-5: The General Definition of Mental Disorder vs. Some Specific Diagnostic Criteria
'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 2019Co-Authors: M. Cristina Amoretti, Lalumera EAbstract:The general concept of mental disorder specified in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is definitional in character: a mental disorder might be identified with a harmful dysfunction. The manual also contains the explicit claim that each individual mental disorder should meet the requirements posed by the definition. The aim of this article is two-fold. First, we shall analyze the definition of the superordinate concept of mental disorder to better understand what necessary (and sufficient) criteria actually characterize such a concept. Second, we shall consider the concepts of some individual mental disorders and show that they are in tension with the definition of the superordinate concept, taking Pyromania and narcissistic personality disorder as case studies. Our main point is that an unexplained and not-operationalized dysfunction requirement that is included in the general definition, while being systematically violated by the diagnostic criteria of specific mental disorders, is a logical error. Then, either we unpack and operationalize the dysfunction requirement, and include explicit diagnostic criteria that can actually meet it, or we simply drop it
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A Potential Tension in DSM-5: The General Definition of Mental Disorder versus Some Specific Diagnostic Criteria
The Journal of medicine and philosophy, 2018Co-Authors: M. Cristina Amoretti, Elisabetta LalumeraAbstract:The general concept of mental disorder specified in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is definitional in character: a mental disorder might be identified with a harmful dysfunction. The manual also contains the explicit claim that each individual mental disorder should meet the requirements posed by the definition. The aim of this article is two-fold. First, we shall analyze the definition of the superordinate concept of mental disorder to better understand what necessary (and sufficient) criteria actually characterize such a concept. Second, we shall consider the concepts of some individual mental disorders and show that they are in tension with the definition of the superordinate concept, taking Pyromania and narcissistic personality disorder as case studies. Our main point is that an unexplained and not-operationalized dysfunction requirement that is included in the general definition, while being systematically violated by the diagnostic criteria of specific mental disorders, is a logical error. Then, either we unpack and operationalize the dysfunction requirement, and include explicit diagnostic criteria that can actually meet it, or we simply drop it.
Ronaldo Menezes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Increasing Sales in Supermarkets via Real-Time information about Customer’s Activities – The Swarm-Moves Simulation Abstract
2008Co-Authors: Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani, Ronaldo MenezesAbstract:In today’s supermarket multi-billion dollar industry, impulsive shopping accounts for about 40 % of all sales. The phenomena is prominent in most people and some even suffer from a disorder on the same group as Pyromania (impulse to burn things). On the other hand, we have retail stores which benefit from the fact that people are impulsive in nature to maximize their profits. In order to improve on current levels of sales, retail stores and supermarkets need to look out-of-the-box. One such approach is the study of levels of self-organization in people while they are doing their shopping. This paper discusses the statusquo of supermarket optimization and leaps into how supermarket simulation can use real-time information about customer purchases and apply models inspired in swarm intelligence to provide the customers with more information about the process leading to an increase in impulse purchases.
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MSV - Increasing Sales in Supermarkets via Real-Time information about Customer's Activities - The Swarm-Moves Simulation.
2006Co-Authors: Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani, Ronaldo MenezesAbstract:In today’s supermarket multi-billion dollar industry, impulsive shopping accounts for about 40% of all sales. The phenomena is prominent in most people and some even suffer from a disorder on the same group as Pyromania (impulse to burn things). On the other hand, we have retail stores which benefit from the fact that people are impulsive in nature to maximize their profits. In order to improve on current levels of sales, retail stores and supermarkets need to look out-of-the-box. One such approach is the study of levels of self-organization in people while they are doing their shopping. This paper discusses the statusquo of supermarket optimization and leaps into how supermarket simulation can use real-time information about customer purchases and apply models inspired in swarm intelligence to provide the customers with more information about the process leading to an increase in impulse
