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Lennart Kenne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Electrospray ionization ion‐trap multiple‐stage mass spectrometry of Quillaja saponins
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2011Co-Authors: Johan Bankefors, Susanna Broberg, Lars I. Nord, Lennart KenneAbstract:Fifteen identified C-18 fatty acyl-containing saponin structures from Quillaja saponaria Molina have been investigated by electrospray ionization ion-trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MSn) in positive ion mode. Their MS1–MS3 spectra were analyzed and ions corresponding to useful fragments, important for the structural identification of Quillaja saponins, were recognized. A few key fragments could describe the structural variations in the C-3 and the C-28 oligosaccharides of the Quillaja saponins. A flowchart involving a stepwise procedure based on key fragments from the MS1–MS3 spectra of these saponins, together with key fragments from these saponins and 13 previously investigated saponins, was constructed for the identification of structural elements in Quillaja saponins. Peak intensity ratios in MS3 spectra were found to be correlated to structural features of the investigated saponins and is therefore of value for the identification of regioisomers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Structural classification of Quillaja saponins by electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry in combination with multivariate analysis, proof of concept
Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 2008Co-Authors: Johan Bankefors, Lars I. Nord, Lennart KenneAbstract:Abstract MS 2 and MS 3 spectra of thirteen previously identified saponin structures from Quillaja saponaria Molina were obtained by electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (ESI-ITMS n ) in positive ion mode. The spectra were analysed by partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) yielding a method that can classify the spectra according to saponin structure. For this method a referencing of the m / z axis was essential to obtain a correlation between peaks in the spectra and common structural elements. The MS 2 and MS 3 spectra could be classified according to the structures of the oligosaccharides at C-3 and C-28 of the corresponding saponins. Terminal residues with the same mass, such as β- d -Api f and β- d -Xyl p , could also be distinguished. The PLS-DA method was applied on Quillaja saponins separated from a commercial bark extract by reversed-phase chromatography. The method outlined here is applied on a specific group of Quillaja saponins, but can be used on other types of glycoconjugates. Combination of this technique with chromatography would give a very powerful tool for rapid identification of components in complex mixtures.
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Oligosaccharide sequences in Quillaja saponins by electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry.
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2004Co-Authors: Susanna Broberg, Lars I. Nord, Lennart KenneAbstract:Ten different samples with 13 previously identified saponin structures from Quillaja saponaria Molina were investigated by electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (ESI-ITMSn) in positive and negative ion modes. Both positive and negative ion mode MS1–MS4 spectra were analyzed, showing that structural information on the two oligosaccharide parts in the saponin can be obtained from positive ion mode spectra whereas negative ion mode spectra mainly gave information on one of the oligosaccharide parts. Analysis of MS1–MS4 spectra identified useful key fragment ions important for the structural elucidation of Quillaja saponins. A flowchart involving a stepwise procedure based on key fragments from MS1–MS3 spectra was constructed for the identification of structural elements in the saponin. Peak intensity ratios in MS3 spectra were found to be correlated with structural features of the investigated saponins and are therefore of value for the identification of terminal monosaccharide residues. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Multivariate analysis of NMR spectra for saponins from Quillaja saponaria Molina
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2001Co-Authors: Lars I. Nord, Lennart Kenne, Sven P. JacobssonAbstract:Abstract The bark of the South American tree Quillaja saponaria Molina contains at least 100 different saponin structures. A set of known structures were classified by partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) on spectra from 1 H NMR. PLS-DA was found to detect structural variations in the different parts of the saponins, encoded in the spectra. The models obtained were used to classify a test set of known structures. The amount of saponin material used for the NMR spectroscopy was only 200 μg/sample. This means that the outlined method is an interesting tool in the structural analysis of minor saponin components from Quillaja. This non-destructive method could also be applied on and facilitate the analysis of other natural products and metabolites since only minor amounts of sample are needed.
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Novel acetylated triterpenoid saponins in a chromatographic fraction from Quillaja saponaria Molina.
Carbohydrate Research, 2000Co-Authors: Lars I. Nord, Lennart KenneAbstract:Six novel fucose 3-O-acetylated saponins, with a quillaic acid aglycone, were isolated from a bark extract from the Quillaja saponaria Molina tree. In addition, a saponin with a novel aglycone (phytolaccagenic acid) and a novel fatty acyl group [(S)-2-methylbutanoyl] for Quillaja saponins was found. The compounds were characterised using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and chemical methods.
Bror Morein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Adjuvant activity of non-toxic Quillaja saponaria Molina components for use in ISCOM matrix
Vaccine, 1999Co-Authors: Bengt Rönnberg, Makonnen Fekadu, Bror MoreinAbstract:Abstract It is well established that ISCOMs function efficiently as an antigen-presenting system and protective immunity has been evoked against a variety of infectious agents. The built-in saponin adjuvant from Quillaja saponaria Molina is responsible for the strong immuno-enhancing activity displayed by the ISCOM. However, to allow the use of ISCOMs in human vaccines it is necessary to determine the immunological properties and toxicity of chemically defined Quillaja components. Thus, the present study was carried out in a mouse model to determine the adjuvant activity and toxicity of “free”, isolated Quillaja components, as well as formulated into particles, i.e. ISCOM matrix. The purified Quillaja components and the ISCOM matrix formulations were examined for their adjuvant activity in a model system consisting of purified influenza virus antigen and Quillaja saponins. It was demonstrated that a Quillaja component, designated QH-C, either as a “free” component or in an ISCOM matrix, has a strong adjuvant activity, but little or no toxicity in the doses tested. In addition, QH-C in the form of ISCOM matrix does not induce any local reactions at the site of injection. Thus, ISCOMs containing the useful in adjuvant formulations for human use.
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Quillaja saponin formulations that stimulate proinflammatory cytokines elicit a potent acquired cell-mediated immunity.
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 1999Co-Authors: Shahriar Behboudi, Bror Morein, Maria Villacres-erikssonAbstract:We examined the ability of various Quillaja saponins in iscom-matrix formulations to induce proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and IL-6, and to stimulate acquired immune responses to influenza virus envelope proteins. The A-fraction of Quillaja saponins (QH-A) was shown to stimulate antigen-presenting cells (APC) to produce proinflammatory cytokines, and elicited a high primary antigen-specific antibody response and potent cell-mediated responses, as measured by T-cell proliferation, production of cytokines and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity. The C-fraction of Quillaja saponins (QH-C) was shown to have a low capacity to stimulate proinflammatory cytokines and elicited low primary antibody and T-cell responses. However, the QH-C iscom-matrix mediated a potent booster effect, resulting in a high secondary antibody response. The ability of APC to discriminate and to respond to QH-A formulations more efficiently than to QH-C with release of proinflammatory cytokines, which precedes a potent acquired immune response, identifies an important mechanism through which some adjuvants may exert their immunoenhancing activities.
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IN VIVO AND IN VITRO INDUCTION OF IL-6 BY Quillaja SAPONARIA MOLINA TRITERPENOID FORMULATIONS
Cytokine, 1997Co-Authors: Shahriar Behboudi, Bror Morein, Maria Villacres-erikssonAbstract:Abstract Quillaja saponaria Molina and some of the defined Quillaja components are potent adjuvants. An important function of adjuvants is the activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC), a prerequisite for the development of immune responses. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been identified as a key factor in the generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes, which constitute an important effector mechanism elicited by immuno-stimulatory complex (iscom)-borne antigens. To identify factors relevant to the unique property of iscoms to mediate CTL responses, we analysed the capacity of different defined Quillaja triterpenoid components in various formulations to stimulate production of IL-6 by APC in vitro and in vivo. The iscom formed with Quillaja adjuvant and incorporated influenza virus envelope proteins elicited the highest secretion of IL-6. The production of Il-6 was also stimulated by the antigen free matrix of the iscom and even by the Quillaja triterpenoids as free components albeit to a significantly lesser extent. Among the various combinations of QH-A and QH-C tested and also the original semipurified spikoside, the QH 7.0.3 matrix was the most efficient formulation for activation of Il-6 production by APC. In general, an increasing proportion of QH-A vs QH-C increases the capacity to activate APC. The results demonstrate that the incorporated antigen and the adjuvant component in the same particle have the synergistic effects on immunogenicity.
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In vitro activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC) by defined composition of Quillaja saponaria Molina triterpenoids.
Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 1996Co-Authors: Shahriar Behboudi, Bror Morein, Maria Villacres-erikssonAbstract:The capacity of adjuvants to stimulate cytokine production by APC is important for the initiation of the immune response. Novel adjuvant formulations based on the iscom technology have been developed using selected triterpenoid components from Quillaja saponaria Molina. Five of these new Quillaja formulations were used to prepare matrix (an antigen-free particle) and tested for their capacity to stimulate IL-1 secretion by murine peritoneal cells in vitro. The formulation denominated QH 7.0.3 was superior to the other matrix formulations, including the original spikoside matrix. The QH 7.0.3 formulation in iscoms containing influenza virus envelope antigens induced IL-1 secretion more efficiently than the antigen-free matrix, or a mixture of matrix and viral antigens, or the free Quillaja components of similar composition. Compared with adjuvants known as IL-1 inducers, QH 7.0.3 flu-iscoms were as efficient as the most prominent IL-1 inducer, i.e. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and superior to cholera toxin (CT) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP). These results indicate that the composition per se of triterpenoids included in iscoms or matrix has a prominent influence on the level of APC activation which may result in qualitatively different immune responses in vivo.
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adjuvant activity of non toxic Quillaja saponaria molina components for use in iscom matrix
Vaccine, 1995Co-Authors: Bengt Rönnberg, Makonnen Fekadu, Bror MoreinAbstract:It is well established that ISCOMs function efficiently as an antigen-presenting system and protective immunity has been evoked against a variety of infectious agents. The built-in saponin adjuvant from Quillaja saponaria Molina is responsible for the strong immunoenhancing activity displayed by the ISCOM. However, to allow the use of ISCOMs in human vaccines it is necessary to determine the immunological properties and toxicity of chemically defined Quillaja components. Thus, the present study was carried out in a mouse model to determine the adjuvant activity and toxicity of "free", isolated Quillaja components, as well as formulated into particles, i.e. ISCOM matrix. The purified Quillaja components and the ISCOM matrix formulations were examined for their adjuvant activity in a model system consisting of purified influenza virus antigen and Quillaja saponins. It was demonstrated that a Quillaja component, designated QH-C, either as a "free" component or in an ISCOM matrix, has a strong adjuvant activity, but little or no toxicity in the doses tested. In addition, QH-C in the form of ISCOM matrix does not induce any local reactions at the site of injection. Thus, ISCOMs containing the QH-C component, devoid of toxicity, but with strong adjuvant activity, can prove to be useful in adjuvant formulations for human use.
Jochen Weiss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Formation and stability of emulsions stabilized by Quillaja saponin-egg lecithin mixtures.
Journal of Food Science, 2020Co-Authors: Hanna Salminen, Sonja Bischoff, Jochen WeissAbstract:Knowledge of binary emulsifiers' influence on the formation and stability of emulsion-based products is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the emulsifying properties of Quillaja saponin-egg lecithin mixtures at different concentration ratios (r = 5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2:3, 1:4, and 0:5) with total emulsifier concentration set to 0.5% or 1.0% (w/w). For this, oil-in-water emulsions (10% oil, pH 7) were prepared via high-pressure homogenization. Furthermore, emulsion stability against different environmental stresses was tested. All the binary emulsifier mixtures formed submicron sized emulsions upon homogenization. The most stable emulsions among the mixed emulsifiers were obtained at low Quillaja saponin concentration at r = 1:4 that showed similar physical stability over time to emulsions stabilized by Quillaja saponins and egg lecithin alone. The data suggested that the mixtures of Quillaja saponins and egg lecithins built mixed interfacial layers that were prone to changes over time. Emulsions stabilized by the binary mixtures were in general less stable against changes in pH and ionic strength than the emulsions stabilized by the individual emulsifiers. An exception were the emulsions at r = 1:4 that showed improved stability at pH 2 over the phase separated Quillaja saponin-stabilized emulsions at the same pH. Moreover, all the emulsions were heat stable up to 90 °C. On the other hand, none of the emulsions were stable upon freeze-thawing. These results increase our understanding of technofunctionality of binary emulsifier systems. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Food-grade and natural emulsifier mixtures composed of Quillaja saponins and egg lecithin may be used in selected emulsion-based food or personal care product applications to replace synthetic surfactants due to issues with consumer acceptance and regulatory restrictions.
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Impact of Concentration Ratio on the Formation and Stability of Emulsions Stabilized by Quillaja Saponin – Sodium Caseinate Mixtures
Food Biophysics, 2019Co-Authors: Hanna Salminen, Sonja Bischoff, Jochen WeissAbstract:The stabilization of interfaces with mixed emulsifiers composed of natural ingredients is of increasing interest in order to modulate stability of food colloids. To this purpose, we first investigated the emulsifying properties of binary emulsifier mixtures composed of natural and food-grade ingredients. We prepared oil-in-water emulsions (10% oil) stabilized by Quillaja saponin-sodium caseinate mixtures at different concentration ratios ( r = 5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2:3, 1:4, 0:5) with the total concentration set to 0.5% and pH set to 7 or 3. Second, we tested the emulsion stability against environmental stresses. The emulsions produced with binary emulsifier mixtures at low Quillaja saponin ratios ( r = 2:3 and 1:4, pH 7) showed the best overall performance in terms of generating small and physically stable emulsion droplets similarly to the emulsions stabilized with Na-caseinate or Quillaja saponins alone, whereas at higher Quillaja saponin ratios ( r = 4:1, 3:2) the emulsions were unstable. At r = 2:3 and 1:4, the emulsions were also stable at ≤90 °C and ≤200 mM NaCl. Furthermore, they were also stable upon pH change to 2, whereas emulsions stabilized with Quillaja saponins alone ( r = 5:0) flocculated. These results demonstrated that the emulsifying properties of mixed binary emulsifiers comprising natural components and subsequent stability of the emulsions is highly dependent on the applied concentration ratio. This study provides valuable insights into the techno-functionality of binary emulsifier systems.
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Influence of concentration ratio on emulsifying properties of Quillaja saponin - protein or lecithin mixed systems
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2019Co-Authors: Corina L. Reichert, Hanna Salminen, Gabriela Badolato Bönisch, Christian Schäfer, Jochen WeissAbstract:Abstract The concentration ratio of binary surfactant systems can alter the interfacial layer properties, and consequently affect emulsion stability. To study the effect of varying concentration ratios (r, % w/w) of interfaces containing Quillaja saponins and other naturally occurring food-grade surfactants on their emulsifying properties, we evaluated particle size, ζ-potential, and appearance of 10% oil-in-water emulsions (pH 7) stabilized by Quillaja saponin - protein or Quillaja saponin - lecithin mixtures. Quillaja saponin - Na-caseinate mixtures (r = 0.3:0.2, 0.2:0.3, and 0.1:0.4) formed small emulsion droplets (d43: 0.2 – 0.3 μm), whereas at r = 0.4:0.1, the emulsions contained micron-sized droplets (d43: 1.217 ± 0.558 μm). Emulsions formed by Quillaja saponin - pea protein mixtures flocculated at r = 0.3:2.0, 0.2:3.0, and 0.1:4.0. In contrast, Quillaja saponin - rapeseed lecithin or egg lecithin mixtures were able to generate small emulsion droplets (d43: 0.2 – 0.5 μm) at all tested concentration ratios. The formation of stable emulsions using binary mixtures of naturally occurring emulsifiers was more dependent on the concentration ratio of the proteins than lecithins, indicating that the interfacial behavior of Quillaja saponins is more sensitive to the presence of proteins. This was attributed to attractive molecular interactions yielding complexes at interfaces and/or in the continuous phase. This study shows that food-grade binary surfactant mixtures can be used to form stable emulsions with properties being tunable by altering the mixing ratios between surfactants.
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Concentration effect of Quillaja saponin - Co-surfactant mixtures on emulsifying properties
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2018Co-Authors: Corina L. Reichert, Hanna Salminen, Gabriela Badolato Bönisch, Christian Schäfer, Jochen WeissAbstract:Abstract Hypothesis This study examined the emulsifying properties of mixed surfactant systems of Quillaja saponins and food-grade co-surfactants (Na-caseinate, pea protein, rapeseed lecithin, and egg lecithin). We hypothesized to these mixtures may build mixed adsorption layers and thus enhance emulsion stabilization. Experiments Oil-in-water emulsions (10%, pH 7) were prepared with different concentrations of co-surfactants (0.1–5.0%) alone or mixed with Quillaja saponins (0.05 or 0.5%). Dynamic interfacial tension measurements were performed to characterize the behavior of the surfactants at an oil-water interface. Findings Low Quillaja saponin concentrations led to either no changes or substantial increases in particle sizes of protein stabilized emulsions, but d43-values decreased in lecithin stabilized emulsions at low lecithin concentrations. The dominating effect of Quillaja saponins at high concentrations led to formation of small droplets (d43 ≤ 2 µm) in all emulsions, except with 2.5% pea proteins. All co-surfactants showed synergistic or additive effects with respect to interfacial tension reductions upon addition of Quillaja saponins (except for egg lecithin with 0.005% Quillaja saponin addition). The results indicated a competing effect for saponin–protein interfaces, but formation of mixed saponin–lecithin interfaces, thus showing that the emulsion stabilization and interfacial properties can be tuned by specific binary surfactant mixtures.
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Aging Behavior of Quillaja Saponin – Pea Protein Interfaces
Colloid and Interface Science Communications, 2017Co-Authors: Corina L. Reichert, Hanna Salminen, Jürgen Utz, Gabriela Badolato Bönisch, Christian Schäfer, Jochen WeissAbstract:Abstract This study investigated the interfacial shear rheology of mixed Quillaja saponin - pea protein systems to better understand their interactions and adsorption behaviors over time (5–720 min). The interfacial storage (Gi′) and loss (Gi″) moduli of the individual and mixed surfactants were recorded as amplitude sweeps (0.05 Hz, strain 1–100%) using a rheometer equipped with a biconical disk. Quillaja saponins formed highly viscoelastic interfaces within 5 min. Pea proteins formed less viscoelastic interfacial layers within 5–240 min, and led viscoelasticities increase greatly after 720 min of aging. This is indicative of much slower rearrangement processes compared to a rapid establishment of Quillaja saponin interfacial layers. Quillaja saponin - pea protein mixtures had lower Gi′- than Gi″-values than either of the individual. This mixed interface weakened upon aging which was suggested to be indicative of the development of particulates unable to interlink thereby decreasing the interfacial cohesion.
Lars I. Nord - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Electrospray ionization ion‐trap multiple‐stage mass spectrometry of Quillaja saponins
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2011Co-Authors: Johan Bankefors, Susanna Broberg, Lars I. Nord, Lennart KenneAbstract:Fifteen identified C-18 fatty acyl-containing saponin structures from Quillaja saponaria Molina have been investigated by electrospray ionization ion-trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MSn) in positive ion mode. Their MS1–MS3 spectra were analyzed and ions corresponding to useful fragments, important for the structural identification of Quillaja saponins, were recognized. A few key fragments could describe the structural variations in the C-3 and the C-28 oligosaccharides of the Quillaja saponins. A flowchart involving a stepwise procedure based on key fragments from the MS1–MS3 spectra of these saponins, together with key fragments from these saponins and 13 previously investigated saponins, was constructed for the identification of structural elements in Quillaja saponins. Peak intensity ratios in MS3 spectra were found to be correlated to structural features of the investigated saponins and is therefore of value for the identification of regioisomers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Structural classification of Quillaja saponins by electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry in combination with multivariate analysis, proof of concept
Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 2008Co-Authors: Johan Bankefors, Lars I. Nord, Lennart KenneAbstract:Abstract MS 2 and MS 3 spectra of thirteen previously identified saponin structures from Quillaja saponaria Molina were obtained by electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (ESI-ITMS n ) in positive ion mode. The spectra were analysed by partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) yielding a method that can classify the spectra according to saponin structure. For this method a referencing of the m / z axis was essential to obtain a correlation between peaks in the spectra and common structural elements. The MS 2 and MS 3 spectra could be classified according to the structures of the oligosaccharides at C-3 and C-28 of the corresponding saponins. Terminal residues with the same mass, such as β- d -Api f and β- d -Xyl p , could also be distinguished. The PLS-DA method was applied on Quillaja saponins separated from a commercial bark extract by reversed-phase chromatography. The method outlined here is applied on a specific group of Quillaja saponins, but can be used on other types of glycoconjugates. Combination of this technique with chromatography would give a very powerful tool for rapid identification of components in complex mixtures.
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Oligosaccharide sequences in Quillaja saponins by electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry.
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2004Co-Authors: Susanna Broberg, Lars I. Nord, Lennart KenneAbstract:Ten different samples with 13 previously identified saponin structures from Quillaja saponaria Molina were investigated by electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (ESI-ITMSn) in positive and negative ion modes. Both positive and negative ion mode MS1–MS4 spectra were analyzed, showing that structural information on the two oligosaccharide parts in the saponin can be obtained from positive ion mode spectra whereas negative ion mode spectra mainly gave information on one of the oligosaccharide parts. Analysis of MS1–MS4 spectra identified useful key fragment ions important for the structural elucidation of Quillaja saponins. A flowchart involving a stepwise procedure based on key fragments from MS1–MS3 spectra was constructed for the identification of structural elements in the saponin. Peak intensity ratios in MS3 spectra were found to be correlated with structural features of the investigated saponins and are therefore of value for the identification of terminal monosaccharide residues. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Multivariate analysis of NMR spectra for saponins from Quillaja saponaria Molina
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2001Co-Authors: Lars I. Nord, Lennart Kenne, Sven P. JacobssonAbstract:Abstract The bark of the South American tree Quillaja saponaria Molina contains at least 100 different saponin structures. A set of known structures were classified by partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) on spectra from 1 H NMR. PLS-DA was found to detect structural variations in the different parts of the saponins, encoded in the spectra. The models obtained were used to classify a test set of known structures. The amount of saponin material used for the NMR spectroscopy was only 200 μg/sample. This means that the outlined method is an interesting tool in the structural analysis of minor saponin components from Quillaja. This non-destructive method could also be applied on and facilitate the analysis of other natural products and metabolites since only minor amounts of sample are needed.
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Novel acetylated triterpenoid saponins in a chromatographic fraction from Quillaja saponaria Molina.
Carbohydrate Research, 2000Co-Authors: Lars I. Nord, Lennart KenneAbstract:Six novel fucose 3-O-acetylated saponins, with a quillaic acid aglycone, were isolated from a bark extract from the Quillaja saponaria Molina tree. In addition, a saponin with a novel aglycone (phytolaccagenic acid) and a novel fatty acyl group [(S)-2-methylbutanoyl] for Quillaja saponins was found. The compounds were characterised using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and chemical methods.
Yoshinori Mine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inhibitory effects of Quillaja saponin on IgE-mediated degranulation of rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 Cells
Journal of Functional Foods, 2012Co-Authors: Tao Zhang, Chengbo Yang, Prithy Rupa, Bo Jiang, Yoshinori MineAbstract:Abstract The anti-allergic immunomodulatory effects of Quillaja saponin in antigen-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia cell line RBL-2H3 were investigated. Quillaja saponin exhibited a significant inhibitory activity using β-hexosaminidase and histamine release assays on anti-DNP-IgE-sensitized rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells in a dose-dependent manner when tested in the range of 0.5–8.0 μg/mL. In addition, Quillaja saponin also suppressed mRNA expression of interleukins (IL)-4 and IL-6. In order to explore the antigen-allergy mechanisms of Quillaja saponin in mast cells, intracellular Ca2+ level and IgE receptor FceRI mRNA expression were also determined. It was found that the intracellular Ca2+ level was also decreased with Quillaja saponin tested at various concentrations. Furthermore, real time-PCR results showed that mRNA expression of FceRI α chain was significantly suppressed by Quillaja saponin, and not of the β and γ chains.
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Quillaja saponin can modulate ovalbumin-induced IgE allergic responses through regulation of Th1/Th2 balance in a murine model.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Shigeru Katayama, Yoshinori MineAbstract:Quillaja saponin is the extract from the balk of a South American tree, and it is considered to modulate immunological responses. We hypothesized that Quillaja saponin may change allergy-associated cytokine profile and antigen-specific immune responses. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Quillaja saponin can suppress ovalbumin (OVA)-induced IgE-mediated allergic responses through promoting a dominant Th1 immune response. The spleen cells from BALB/c mice, which were primed by OVA, were used for an in vitro challenge test. The level of total and OVA-specific IgE, IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-12 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BALB/c mice were orally administered with saponin for 35 days. The mice were immunized intraperitoneally with OVA on days 14 and 21. After intraperitoneal challenge with OVA on day 35, anaphylactic symptoms were monitored. Total and specific IgE and IgG, specific IgG1 and IgG2a, and histamine levels in serum were analyzed by ELISA. The increase of ...
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Quillaja saponin can modulate ovalbumin induced ige allergic responses through regulation of th1 th2 balance in a murine model
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Shigeru Katayama, Yoshinori MineAbstract:Quillaja saponin is the extract from the balk of a South American tree, and it is considered to modulate immunological responses. We hypothesized that Quillaja saponin may change allergy-associated cytokine profile and antigen-specific immune responses. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Quillaja saponin can suppress ovalbumin (OVA)-induced IgE-mediated allergic responses through promoting a dominant Th1 immune response. The spleen cells from BALB/c mice, which were primed by OVA, were used for an in vitro challenge test. The level of total and OVA-specific IgE, IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-12 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BALB/c mice were orally administered with saponin for 35 days. The mice were immunized intraperitoneally with OVA on days 14 and 21. After intraperitoneal challenge with OVA on day 35, anaphylactic symptoms were monitored. Total and specific IgE and IgG, specific IgG1 and IgG2a, and histamine levels in serum were analyzed by ELISA. The increase of ...
