The Experts below are selected from a list of 39432 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
John T Behrens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does the white Racial Identity attitude scale measure Racial Identity
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1997Co-Authors: John T BehrensAbstract:Competing interpretations of the structure of the White Racial Identity Attitude Scale (WRIAS; J. E. Helms & R. T. Carter, 1990) were assessed in 2 investigations. First, a meta-analysis of scale intercorrelations and internal reliability estimates indicated that, after correction for measurement error, intercorrelations between some scales were equal to unity, suggesting that the structure of the WRIAS is less complex than the theory of White Racial Identity it is assumed to measure. Second, confirmatory factor analysis of 2 data sets likewise revealed that scale structures found in the data are more parsimonious than those suggested by theory. Although it remains unclear which construct or constructs are actually measured by the instrument, interpretations of the WRIAS as composed of 5 meaningful dimensions are unsupported.
Nicole J Shelton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of Racial Identity in perceived Racial discrimination
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: Robert M Sellers, Nicole J SheltonAbstract:This study examined the role that dimensions of Racial Identity play regarding the antecedents and consequences of perceived Racial discrimination among African Americans. A total of 267 African American college students completed measures of Racial Identity, perceived Racial discrimination, and psychological distress at 2 time points. After controlling for previous perceptions of discrimination, Racial centrality was positively associated with subsequent perceived Racial discrimination. Additionally, perceived discrimination was positively associated with subsequent event-specific and global psychological distress after accounting for previous perceptions of discrimination and distress. Finally, Racial ideology and public regard beliefs moderated the positive relationship between perceived discrimination and subsequent distress. The results illustrate the complex role Racial Identity plays in the lives of African Americans.
Robert M Sellers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of Racial Identity in perceived Racial discrimination
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: Robert M Sellers, Nicole J SheltonAbstract:This study examined the role that dimensions of Racial Identity play regarding the antecedents and consequences of perceived Racial discrimination among African Americans. A total of 267 African American college students completed measures of Racial Identity, perceived Racial discrimination, and psychological distress at 2 time points. After controlling for previous perceptions of discrimination, Racial centrality was positively associated with subsequent perceived Racial discrimination. Additionally, perceived discrimination was positively associated with subsequent event-specific and global psychological distress after accounting for previous perceptions of discrimination and distress. Finally, Racial ideology and public regard beliefs moderated the positive relationship between perceived discrimination and subsequent distress. The results illustrate the complex role Racial Identity plays in the lives of African Americans.
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Racial Identity, Maternal Support, and Psychological Distress among African American Adolescents.
Child development, 2002Co-Authors: Cleopatra H. Caldwell, Robert M Sellers, Marc A. Zimmerman, Debra H. Bernat, Paul C. NotaroAbstract:This study investigated the role of Racial Identity and maternal support in reducing psychological distress among African American adolescents. Both direct and indirect influences of multiple dimensions of Racial Identity (i.e., centrality, private regard) and maternal support on perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety were examined among 521 African American twelfth graders. Findings indicated that maternal support was positively related to both centrality and private regard. Results provided little support for a direct association between Racial Identity or maternal support and depressive symptoms and anxiety within a multivariate context. Rather, the influences of Racial Identity attitudes and maternal support on these mental health outcomes were mediated by perceived stress. Further, the two Racial Identity attitudes were associated with perceived stress in different ways. Study findings suggest that the significance and meaning that African American adolescents attribute to being Black may be critical to their psychological well-being, and that maternal support and perceived stress are important considerations.
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Situational Stability and Variability in African American Racial Identity.
Journal of Black Psychology, 2000Co-Authors: J. Nicole Shelton, Robert M SellersAbstract:Using the Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity as a conceptual framework, the present research investigated the stable and situational properties of African American Racial Identity. Study 1 i...
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Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity: A Reconceptualization of African American Racial Identity:
Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology Inc, 1998Co-Authors: Robert M Sellers, Mia A. Smith, J. Nicole Shelton, Stephanie J. Rowley, Tabbye M. ChavousAbstract:Research on African American Racial Identity has utilized 2 distinct approaches. The mainstream approach has focused on universal properties associated with ethnic and Racial identities. In contrast, the underground approach has focused on documenting the qualitative meaning of being African American, with an emphasis on the unique cultural and historical experiences of African Americans. The Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI) represents a synthesis of the strengths of these two approaches. The underlying assumptions associated with the model are explored. The model proposes 4 dimensions of African American Racial Identity: salience, centrality, regard, and ideology. A description of these dimensions is provided along with a discussion of how they interact to influence behavior at the level of the event. We argue that the MMRI has the potential to make contributions to traditional research objectives of both approaches, as well as to provide the impetus to explore new questions.
Enrique W. Neblett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Racial Identity and changes in psychological distress using the multidimensional model of Racial Identity.
Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Henry A. Willis, Enrique W. NeblettAbstract:OBJECTIVES Researchers have noted that Racial Identity-the personal significance and meaning of race (Sellers, Chavous, & Cooke, 1998)-may serve as a protective factor against the impact of racism-related stress and promote psychological well-being for African American young adults. One limitation of prior research is the failure to examine how changes in Racial Identity may relate to changes in psychological well-being over time, specifically those Racial Identity beliefs that are proposed to be stable. This study examined Racial Identity and its association with changes in overall psychological distress among African American college students. METHOD The sample included 171 African American college students (69% female) attending a predominately White institution in the southeastern United States using 5 waves of data collected over 3 years. RESULTS Latent curve modeling revealed increases in Racial centrality, private regard, and nationalist ideology, and decreases in public regard and assimilationist, humanist, and oppressed minority ideologies (comparative fit index range: 0.94-1.00; root-mean-square error of approximation range: .00-.07). Growth curve modeling also revealed that initial levels of Racial Identity predicted changes in psychological distress. Of note, higher initial levels of private regard were associated with sharper declines in psychological distress over time (β = .37, Sz E = .17, p = .027). Additionally, individuals with lower initial levels of public regard experienced greater declines in psychological distress over time as compared to individuals with higher levels of public regard (β = .60, SE = .15, p < .001). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that Racial Identity dimensions that are proposed to be stable may change over time. These results also suggest that initial levels of Racial Identity variables (i.e., Racial regard) predict later rates of change in psychological distress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Racial discrimination, Racial Identity, and impostor phenomenon: A profile approach.
Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Donte L. Bernard, Lori S. Hoggard, Enrique W. NeblettAbstract:OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between Racial discrimination and the impostor phenomenon (IP) and the moderating influence of Racial Identity on this relationship. METHOD One hundred fifty-seven African American college students (68% female; mean age = 18.63) completed measures of Racial discrimination, Racial Identity, and IP during 2 waves of data collection. RESULTS Utilizing latent profile analyses, 4 patterns of Racial Identity were identified: Undifferentiated, Multiculturalist, Race-Focused, and Humanist. Racial discrimination predicted higher subsequent levels of IP. Racial Identity did not moderate the impact of Racial discrimination; however, students in the Multiculturalist and Humanist groups reported the lowest and highest levels of IP at Wave 2, respectively. CONCLUSION IP is influenced by Racial discrimination experiences as well as by the significance and meaning that individuals ascribe to being African American. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Racial Identity and autonomic responses to Racial discrimination
Psychophysiology, 2013Co-Authors: Enrique W. Neblett, Steven O. RobertsAbstract:Several studies identify Racial Identity-the significance and meaning that individuals attribute to race-as a mitigating factor in the association between Racial discrimination and adjustment. In this study, we employed a visual imagery paradigm to examine whether Racial Identity would moderate autonomic responses to blatant and subtle Racial discrimination analogues with Black and White perpetrators. We recruited 105 African American young adults from a public, southeastern university in the United States. The personal significance of race as well as personal feelings about African Americans and feelings about how others view African Americans moderated autonomic responses to the vignettes. We use polyvagal theory and a stress, appraisal, and coping framework to interpret our results with an eye toward elucidating the ways in which Racial Identity may inform individual differences in physiological responses to Racial discrimination.
Robert T. Carter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Racial Identity Theory : Applications to Individual, Group, and Organizational Interventions
2013Co-Authors: Chalmer E. Thompson, Robert T. CarterAbstract:Contents: Introduction. C.E. Thompson, R.T. Carter, Race, Socialization, and Contemporary Racism Manifestations. C.E. Thompson, R.T. Carter, An Overview and Elaboration of Helms' Racial Identity Development Theory. C.E. Thompson, Facilitating Racial Identity Development in the Professional Context. C.E. Thompson, Part I: Applying Racial Identity Theory to Individual Psychotherapy and Dyadic Supervision. C.A. Grace, Clinical Applications of Racial Identity Theory. N. Ochs, White Counselor and White Client: The Case of Mrs. Ames. D.A. Cook, L.P. Hargrove, The Supervisory Experience. R.T. Carter, Race and Psychotherapy: The Racially Inclusive Model. C.E. Thompson, Part II: Applying Racial Identity Theory to Group and Family Interventions. A.M. Regan, J.S. Huber, Facilitating White Identity Development: A Therapeutic Group Intervention. G.V. Gushue, E.I. Sicalides, Helms' Racial Identity Theory and Bowen's Family Systems Model: A Case Study. L.C. Powell, M. Barry, G.Y. Davis, Facing Reality in Urban Schools: Using Racial Identity Theory in Family Group. S.E. Kirkland, A.M. Regan, Organizational Racial Diversity Training. C.E. Thompson, Part III: Applying Racial Identity Theory to Organizational and Institutional Interventions. C. Cooper, C.E. Thompson, Managing Corporate Racial Diversity. C.E. Thompson, C. Falls, A. Berrian, It Takes a Whole Village to Raise a Child. R.T. Carter, E. Gesmer, Applying Racial Identity Theory to the Legal System: The Case of Family Law. C.P. Alderfer, Embedded Intergroup Relations and Racial Identity Development Theory. C.E. Thompson, Epilogue: Race, Socialization, and Contemporary Racism Manifestations Revisited.
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The Relationships Between Race-Related Stress, Racial Identity, and Mental Health for Black Americans
Journal of Black Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Deidre C. Franklin-jackson, Robert T. CarterAbstract:The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between race-related stress, Racial Identity, and mental health in a sample of 255 Black American adults. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that Racial Identity and race-related stress predicted mental health; however, Racial Identity accounted for more of the variance in mental health. These findings provide evidence that a person’s Racial Identity must be considered when understanding race-related stress and mental health. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
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White Racial Identity and Expectations About Counseling
Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 1996Co-Authors: Robert T. Carter, Adeyinka M. Akinsulure-smithAbstract:Although there have been several studies that have explored people's expectations about counseling, to date there has been no such exploration from a Racial-cultural perspective. This study sought to explore the relationship between White Racial Identity attitudes and expectations about counseling. Although the results showed that men and women differ in their expectations about counseling and in their levels of White Racial Identity attitudes, the findings of the study indicated that there was no significant relationship between White Racial Identity attitudes and counseling expectations. The results of the study are examined in relation to previous findings in the field and directions for future study are considered.
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White Racial Identity Development and Work Values
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1994Co-Authors: Robert T. Carter, George V. Gushue, Lauren M. WeitzmanAbstract:Abstract Contemporary approaches to career development emphasize the psychological and developmental dimensions of the task. This study suggests not only that consideration of race should form an integral part of that process but also that race too needs to be understood in a psychological and developmental way. While some claim that constructs associated with both Racial Identity theory and career development measure aspects of a client′s personality, virtually no research has explored the relation between these two perspectives. In this test using a White sample (N = 109), a canonical analysis revealed a significant relation between the psychological variables of "Racial Identity" and "work values" consistent with the theory of White Racial Identity development. Suggestions for future research are considered.
