Radiobiology

14,000,000 Leading Edge Experts on the ideXlab platform

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

The Experts below are selected from a list of 4518 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Kevin J Harrington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the hallmarks of cancer and the radiation oncologist updating the 5rs of Radiobiology
    Clinical Oncology, 2013
    Co-Authors: J S Good, Kevin J Harrington
    Abstract:

    Abstract A comprehensive, mechanistic understanding of radiobiological phenomena that can be integrated within the broader context of cancer biology offers the prospect of transforming clinical practice in radiation oncology. In this review, we revisit the six established biological hallmarks of cancer and examine how they have provided insights into novel therapeutic strategies. In addition, we discuss the potential of two emerging hallmarks to continue to expand our understanding beyond the narrow confines of the traditional 5Rs of Radiobiology.

  • molecular biology for the radiation oncologist the 5rs of Radiobiology meet the hallmarks of cancer
    Clinical Oncology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Paula Jankowska, Kevin J Harrington, Manu Hingorani
    Abstract:

    Recent advances in our understanding of the biology of cancer have provided enormous opportunities for the development of novel therapies against specific molecular targets. It is likely that most of these targeted therapies will have only modest single agent activities but may have the potential to accentuate the therapeutic effects of ionising radiation. In this introductory review, the 5Rs of classical Radiobiology are interpreted in terms of their relationship to the hallmarks of cancer. Future articles will focus on the specific hallmarks of cancer and will highlight the opportunities that exist for designing new combination treatment regimens.

David Azria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • radiogenomics Radiobiology enters the era of big data and team science
    International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 2014
    Co-Authors: David Azria, Soren M Bentzen, Barry S Rosenstein, Catharine M L West, Jan Alsner, Christian Nicolaj Andreassen, Gillian C Barnett, Michael Baumann
    Abstract:

    Reprint requests to: Barry S. Rosenstein,PhD, Department of RadiationOncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. LevyPlace, Box 1236, New York, NY 10029. Tel: (212) 824-8960; E-mail:barry.rosenstein@mssm.eduSupported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and theDepartment of Defense (1R01CA134444 and PC074201 to B.S.R. andH.O.), the American Cancer Society (RSGT-05-200-01-CCE to B.S.R.),the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI10/00164 and PI13/02030 to A.V.),Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER 2007e2013) in Spain, aMiguel Servet contract from the Spanish Carlos III Health Institute (CP10/00617 to S.G.-E.), and in the UK by Cancer Research UK.Conflict of interest: E.Y. Chuang holds a patent on biomarkers forpredicting response of esophageal cancer patients to chemoradiationtherapy. The authors report no other conflict of interest.Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys, Vol. 89, No. 4, pp. 709e713, 20140360-3016/$ - see front matter 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.03.009

  • Clinical radioimmunotherapy-the role of Radiobiology
    Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jean-pierre Pouget, Isabelle Navarro-teulon, Manuel Bardiès, Nicolas Chouin, Guillaume Cartron, André Pèlegrin, David Azria
    Abstract:

    Conventional external-beam radiation therapy is dedicated to the treatment of localized disease, whereas radioimmunotherapy represents an innovative tool for the treatment of local or diffuse tumors. Radioimmunotherapy involves the administration of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies that are directed specifically against tumor-associated antigens or against the tumor microenvironment. Although many tumor-associated antigens have been identified as possible targets for radioimmunotherapy of patients with hematological or solid tumors, clinical success has so far been achieved mostly with radiolabeled antibodies against CD20 ( 131I-tositumomab and 90 Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan) for the treatment of lymphoma. In this Review, we provide an update on the current challenges aimed to improve the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy and discuss the main radiobiological issues associated with clinical radioimmunotherapy. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

  • clinical radioimmunotherapy the role of Radiobiology
    Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jean-pierre Pouget, Manuel Bardiès, Nicolas Chouin, Guillaume Cartron, André Pèlegrin, Isabelle Navarroteulon, David Azria
    Abstract:

    Conventional external-beam radiation therapy is dedicated to the treatment of localized disease, whereas radioimmunotherapy represents an innovative tool for the treatment of local or diffuse tumors. Radioimmunotherapy involves the administration of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies that are directed specifically against tumor-associated antigens or against the tumor microenvironment. Although many tumor-associated antigens have been identified as possible targets for radioimmunotherapy of patients with hematological or solid tumors, clinical success has so far been achieved mostly with radiolabeled antibodies against CD20 ((131)I-tositumomab and (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan) for the treatment of lymphoma. In this Review, we provide an update on the current challenges aimed to improve the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy and discuss the main radiobiological issues associated with clinical radioimmunotherapy.

Michael Lassmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • EANM position paper on the role of Radiobiology in nuclear medicine
    European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2021
    Co-Authors: An Aerts, Uta Eberlein, Sören Holm, Roland Hustinx, Mark Konijnenberg, Lidia Strigari, Fijs W.b. Leeuwen, Gerhard Glatting, Michael Lassmann
    Abstract:

    With an increasing variety of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or therapeutic nuclear medicine as valuable diagnostic or treatment option, Radiobiology plays an important role in supporting optimizations. This comprises particularly safety and efficacy of radionuclide therapies, specifically tailored to each patient. As absorbed dose rates and absorbed dose distributions in space and time are very different between external irradiation and systemic radionuclide exposure, distinct radiation-induced biological responses are expected in nuclear medicine, which need to be explored. This calls for a dedicated nuclear medicine Radiobiology. Radiobiology findings and absorbed dose measurements will enable an improved estimation and prediction of efficacy and adverse effects. Moreover, a better understanding on the fundamental biological mechanisms underlying tumor and normal tissue responses will help to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers as well as biomarkers for treatment follow-up. In addition, Radiobiology can form the basis for the development of radiosensitizing strategies and radioprotectant agents. Thus, EANM believes that, beyond in vitro and preclinical evaluations, Radiobiology will bring important added value to clinical studies and to clinical teams. Therefore, EANM strongly supports active collaboration between radiochemists, radiopharmacists, radiobiologists, medical physicists, and physicians to foster research toward precision nuclear medicine.

Jean-pierre Pouget - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Revisiting the Radiobiology of Targeted Alpha Therapy
    'Frontiers Media SA', 2021
    Co-Authors: Jean-pierre Pouget, Julie Constanzo
    Abstract:

    Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) using alpha particle-emitting radionuclides is in the spotlight after the approval of 223RaCl2 for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and the development of several alpha emitter-based radiopharmaceuticals. It is acknowledged that alpha particles are highly cytotoxic because they produce complex DNA lesions. Hence, the nucleus is considered their critical target, and many studies did not report any effect in other subcellular compartments. Moreover, their physical features, including their range in tissues (<100 μm) and their linear energy transfer (50–230 keV/μm), are well-characterized. Theoretically, TAT is indicated for very small-volume, disseminated tumors (e.g., micrometastases, circulating tumor cells). Moreover, due to their high cytotoxicity, alpha particles should be preferred to beta particles and X-rays to overcome radiation resistance. However, clinical studies showed that TAT might be efficient also in quite large tumors, and biological effects have been observed also away from irradiated cells. These distant effects are called bystander effects when occurring at short distance (<1 mm), and systemic effects when occurring at much longer distance. Systemic effects implicate the immune system. These findings showed that cells can die without receiving any radiation dose, and that a more complex and integrated view of Radiobiology is required. This includes the notion that the direct, bystander and systemic responses cannot be dissociated because DNA damage is intimately linked to bystander effects and immune response. Here, we provide a brief overview of the paradigms that need to be revisited

  • introduction to Radiobiology of targeted radionuclide therapy
    Frontiers of Medicine in China, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jean-pierre Pouget, Catherine Lozza, Emmanuel Deshayes, Vincent Boudousq, Isabelle Navarroteulon
    Abstract:

    During the last decades, new radionuclide-based targeted therapies have emerged as efficient tools for cancer treatment. Targeted radionuclide therapies (TRT) are based on a multidisciplinary approach that involves the cooperation of specialists in several research fields. Among them, radiobiologists investigate the biological effects of ionizing radiation, specifically the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the radiation response. Most of the knowledge about radiation effects concerns external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and Radiobiology has then strongly contributed to the development of this therapeutic approach. Similarly, Radiobiology and dosimetry are also assumed to be ways for improving TRT, in particular in the therapy of solid tumors which are radioresistant. However, extrapolation of EBRT Radiobiology to TRT is not straightforward. Indeed, the specific physical characteristics of TRT (heterogeneous and mixed irradiation, protracted exposure and low absorbed dose rate) differ from those of conventional EBRT (homogeneous irradiation, short exposure and high absorbed dose rate), and consequently the response of irradiated tissues might be different. Therefore, specific TRT Radiobiology needs to be explored. Determining dose-effect correlation is also a prerequisite for rigorous preclinical Radiobiology studies because dosimetry provides the necessary referential to all TRT situations. It is required too for developing patient-tailored TRT in the clinic in order to estimate the best dose for tumor control, while protecting the healthy tissues, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy. Finally, it will allow to determine the relative contribution of targeted effects (assumed to be dose-related) and non-targeted effects (assumed to be non-dose-related) of ionizing radiation. However, conversely to EBRT where it is routinely used, dosimetry is still challenging in TRT. Therefore, it constitutes with Radiobiology, one of the main challenges of TRT.

  • Clinical radioimmunotherapy-the role of Radiobiology
    Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jean-pierre Pouget, Isabelle Navarro-teulon, Manuel Bardiès, Nicolas Chouin, Guillaume Cartron, André Pèlegrin, David Azria
    Abstract:

    Conventional external-beam radiation therapy is dedicated to the treatment of localized disease, whereas radioimmunotherapy represents an innovative tool for the treatment of local or diffuse tumors. Radioimmunotherapy involves the administration of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies that are directed specifically against tumor-associated antigens or against the tumor microenvironment. Although many tumor-associated antigens have been identified as possible targets for radioimmunotherapy of patients with hematological or solid tumors, clinical success has so far been achieved mostly with radiolabeled antibodies against CD20 ( 131I-tositumomab and 90 Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan) for the treatment of lymphoma. In this Review, we provide an update on the current challenges aimed to improve the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy and discuss the main radiobiological issues associated with clinical radioimmunotherapy. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

  • clinical radioimmunotherapy the role of Radiobiology
    Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jean-pierre Pouget, Manuel Bardiès, Nicolas Chouin, Guillaume Cartron, André Pèlegrin, Isabelle Navarroteulon, David Azria
    Abstract:

    Conventional external-beam radiation therapy is dedicated to the treatment of localized disease, whereas radioimmunotherapy represents an innovative tool for the treatment of local or diffuse tumors. Radioimmunotherapy involves the administration of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies that are directed specifically against tumor-associated antigens or against the tumor microenvironment. Although many tumor-associated antigens have been identified as possible targets for radioimmunotherapy of patients with hematological or solid tumors, clinical success has so far been achieved mostly with radiolabeled antibodies against CD20 ((131)I-tositumomab and (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan) for the treatment of lymphoma. In this Review, we provide an update on the current challenges aimed to improve the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy and discuss the main radiobiological issues associated with clinical radioimmunotherapy.

Susan J Knox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the Radiobiology of radiopharmaceuticals
    Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Zachary S Morris, Andrew Z Wang, Susan J Knox
    Abstract:

    Radiopharmaceutical therapy or targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is a well-established class of cancer therapeutics that includes a growing number of FDA-approved drugs and a promising pipeline of experimental therapeutics. Radiobiology is fundamental to a mechanistic understanding of the therapeutic capacity of these agents and their potential toxicities. However, the field of Radiobiology has historically focused on external beam radiation. Critical differences exist between TRT and external beam radiotherapy with respect to dosimetry, dose rate, linear energy transfer, duration of treatment delivery, fractionation, range, and target volume. These distinctions simultaneously make it difficult to extrapolate from the Radiobiology of external beam radiation to that of TRT and pose considerable challenges for preclinical and clinical studies investigating TRT. Here, we discuss these challenges and explore the current understanding of the Radiobiology of radiopharmaceuticals.

  • Radiobiology of radioimmunotherapy targeting cd20 b cell antigen in non hodgkin s lymphoma
    International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 2004
    Co-Authors: Carmen M Hernandez, Susan J Knox
    Abstract:

    The Radiobiology of radioimmunotherapy is an important determinant of both the toxicity and the efficacy associated with the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with radiolabeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. The properties of the target, CD20, and the mechanisms of action of both the monoclonal antibodies and the associated exponentially decreasing low-dose-rate radiotherapy are described. The radiation dose and dose-rate effects are discussed and related to both the tumor responses and normal organ toxicity. Finally, the use of either unlabeled or radiolabeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies as a component of combined modality therapy (including the sequential or concurrent use of sensitizers) and future directions of the field are discussed.

  • Radiobiology of radioimmunotherapy with 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin).
    Seminars in oncology, 2003
    Co-Authors: M.carmen Hernandez, Susan J Knox
    Abstract:

    Abstract Radioimmunotherapy represents a significant advance over unlabeled immunotherapy for the treatment of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The efficacy of radioimmunotherapeutic agents depends in large part on the basic biological effects associated with their components, monoclonal antibodies and radionuclides, separately and in combination. The radiobiological effects associated with yttrium 90-labeled ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin; Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA) include the induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle redistribution (eg, arrest of cells in the G 2 /M phase of the cell cycle). Because of dose-rate effects, tumor cells may, in some cases, be more susceptible to the low-dose-rate radiation used in radioimmunotherapy than to the high-dose-rate radiation used in external beam radiotherapy. The efficacy of radioimmunotherapy may potentially be optimized through a variety of approaches, including the use of agents that increase the expression of certain tumor antigens (thus facilitating improved biodistribution of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies) or that sensitize tumor cells to radiation.