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Maria Luz Fernandez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Raisins and walking alter appetite hormones and plasma lipids by modifications in lipoprotein metabolism and up regulation of the low density lipoprotein receptor
    Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 2009
    Co-Authors: Michael J Puglisi, Gisella Mutungi, Pierre J Brun, Mary M Mcgrane, Cherise C Labonte, Jeff S Volek, Maria Luz Fernandez
    Abstract:

    Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming Raisins, increasing steps walked, or a combination of these interventions on lipoprotein metabolism and appetite hormones by assessing plasma apolipoprotein concentrations, cholesterol ester transfer protein activity, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance, and plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations. Thirty-four subjects (17 men and 17 postmenopausal women) were matched for weight and sex and randomly assigned to consume 1 cup Raisins per day (Raisin), increase the amount of steps walked per day (WALK), or a combination of both interventions (Raisin + WALK). The subjects completed a 2-week run-in period, followed by a 6-week intervention. Ribonucleic acid was extracted from mononuclear cells, and LDL receptor mRNA abundance was quantified by use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Plasma apolipoproteins were measured by Luminex (Austin, TX) technology. Apoproteins A-1, B, C-II, and E and cholesterol ester transfer protein activity were not altered for any of the groups. In contrast, apolipoprotein C-III was significantly decreased by 12.3% only in the WALK group ( P P P = .026). Plasma concentrations increased for Raisin and Raisin + WALK. Similarly, plasma ghrelin concentrations were elevated postintervention for both groups consuming Raisins ( P

  • Raisins and walking alter appetite hormones and plasma lipids by modifications in lipoprotein metabolism and up regulation of the low density lipoprotein receptor
    Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 2009
    Co-Authors: Michael J Puglisi, Gisella Mutungi, Pierre J Brun, Mary M Mcgrane, Cherise C Labonte, Jeff S Volek, Maria Luz Fernandez
    Abstract:

    The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming Raisins, increasing steps walked, or a combination of these interventions on lipoprotein metabolism and appetite hormones by assessing plasma apolipoprotein concentrations, cholesterol ester transfer protein activity, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance, and plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations. Thirty-four subjects (17 men and 17 postmenopausal women) were matched for weight and sex and randomly assigned to consume 1 cup Raisins per day (Raisin), increase the amount of steps walked per day (WALK), or a combination of both interventions (Raisin + WALK). The subjects completed a 2-week run-in period, followed by a 6-week intervention. Ribonucleic acid was extracted from mononuclear cells, and LDL receptor mRNA abundance was quantified by use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Plasma apolipoproteins were measured by Luminex (Austin, TX) technology. Apoproteins A-1, B, C-II, and E and cholesterol ester transfer protein activity were not altered for any of the groups. In contrast, apolipoprotein C-III was significantly decreased by 12.3% only in the WALK group (P < .05). Low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA abundance was increased for all groups after the intervention (P < .001). There was a significant group effect for plasma leptin (P = .026). Plasma concentrations increased for Raisin and Raisin + WALK. Similarly, plasma ghrelin concentrations were elevated postintervention for both groups consuming Raisins (P < .05). These data suggest that walking and Raisin consumption decrease plasma LDL cholesterol by up-regulating the LDL receptor and that Raisin consumption may reduce hunger and affect dietary intake by altering hormones influencing satiety.

  • Raisins and additional walking have distinct effects on plasma lipids and inflammatory cytokines
    Lipids in Health and Disease, 2008
    Co-Authors: Michael J Puglisi, Jeff S Volek, Ushma Vaishnav, Sudeep Shrestha, Moises Torresgonzalez, Richard J Wood, Maria Luz Fernandez
    Abstract:

    Background: Raisins are a significant source of dietary fiber and polyphenols, which may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by affecting lipoprotein metabolism and inflammation. Walking represents a low intensity exercise intervention that may also reduce CVD risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming Raisins, increasing steps walked, or a combination of these interventions on blood pressure, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin and inflammatory cytokines. Results: Thirty-four men and postmenopausal women were matched for weight and gender and randomly assigned to consume 1 cup Raisins/d (Raisin), increase the amount of steps walked/d (WALK) or a combination of both interventions (RaisinS + WALK). The subjects completed a 2 wk run-in period, followed by a 6 wk intervention. Systolic blood pressure was reduced for all subjects (P = 0.008). Plasma total cholesterol was decreased by 9.4% for all subjects (P < 0.005), which was explained by a 13.7% reduction in plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (P < 0.001). Plasma triglycerides (TG) concentrations were decreased by 19.5% for WALK (P < 0.05 for group effect). Plasma TNF-α was decreased from 3.5 ng/L to 2.1 ng/L for Raisin (P < 0.025 for time and group × time effect). All subjects had a reduction in plasma sICAM-1 (P < 0.01). Conclusion: This research shows that simple lifestyle modifications such as adding Raisins to the diet or increasing steps walked have distinct beneficial effects on CVD risk.

Sun Maid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Michael J Puglisi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Raisins and walking alter appetite hormones and plasma lipids by modifications in lipoprotein metabolism and up regulation of the low density lipoprotein receptor
    Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 2009
    Co-Authors: Michael J Puglisi, Gisella Mutungi, Pierre J Brun, Mary M Mcgrane, Cherise C Labonte, Jeff S Volek, Maria Luz Fernandez
    Abstract:

    Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming Raisins, increasing steps walked, or a combination of these interventions on lipoprotein metabolism and appetite hormones by assessing plasma apolipoprotein concentrations, cholesterol ester transfer protein activity, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance, and plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations. Thirty-four subjects (17 men and 17 postmenopausal women) were matched for weight and sex and randomly assigned to consume 1 cup Raisins per day (Raisin), increase the amount of steps walked per day (WALK), or a combination of both interventions (Raisin + WALK). The subjects completed a 2-week run-in period, followed by a 6-week intervention. Ribonucleic acid was extracted from mononuclear cells, and LDL receptor mRNA abundance was quantified by use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Plasma apolipoproteins were measured by Luminex (Austin, TX) technology. Apoproteins A-1, B, C-II, and E and cholesterol ester transfer protein activity were not altered for any of the groups. In contrast, apolipoprotein C-III was significantly decreased by 12.3% only in the WALK group ( P P P = .026). Plasma concentrations increased for Raisin and Raisin + WALK. Similarly, plasma ghrelin concentrations were elevated postintervention for both groups consuming Raisins ( P

  • Raisins and walking alter appetite hormones and plasma lipids by modifications in lipoprotein metabolism and up regulation of the low density lipoprotein receptor
    Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 2009
    Co-Authors: Michael J Puglisi, Gisella Mutungi, Pierre J Brun, Mary M Mcgrane, Cherise C Labonte, Jeff S Volek, Maria Luz Fernandez
    Abstract:

    The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming Raisins, increasing steps walked, or a combination of these interventions on lipoprotein metabolism and appetite hormones by assessing plasma apolipoprotein concentrations, cholesterol ester transfer protein activity, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance, and plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations. Thirty-four subjects (17 men and 17 postmenopausal women) were matched for weight and sex and randomly assigned to consume 1 cup Raisins per day (Raisin), increase the amount of steps walked per day (WALK), or a combination of both interventions (Raisin + WALK). The subjects completed a 2-week run-in period, followed by a 6-week intervention. Ribonucleic acid was extracted from mononuclear cells, and LDL receptor mRNA abundance was quantified by use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Plasma apolipoproteins were measured by Luminex (Austin, TX) technology. Apoproteins A-1, B, C-II, and E and cholesterol ester transfer protein activity were not altered for any of the groups. In contrast, apolipoprotein C-III was significantly decreased by 12.3% only in the WALK group (P < .05). Low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA abundance was increased for all groups after the intervention (P < .001). There was a significant group effect for plasma leptin (P = .026). Plasma concentrations increased for Raisin and Raisin + WALK. Similarly, plasma ghrelin concentrations were elevated postintervention for both groups consuming Raisins (P < .05). These data suggest that walking and Raisin consumption decrease plasma LDL cholesterol by up-regulating the LDL receptor and that Raisin consumption may reduce hunger and affect dietary intake by altering hormones influencing satiety.

  • Raisins and additional walking have distinct effects on plasma lipids and inflammatory cytokines
    Lipids in Health and Disease, 2008
    Co-Authors: Michael J Puglisi, Jeff S Volek, Ushma Vaishnav, Sudeep Shrestha, Moises Torresgonzalez, Richard J Wood, Maria Luz Fernandez
    Abstract:

    Background: Raisins are a significant source of dietary fiber and polyphenols, which may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by affecting lipoprotein metabolism and inflammation. Walking represents a low intensity exercise intervention that may also reduce CVD risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming Raisins, increasing steps walked, or a combination of these interventions on blood pressure, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin and inflammatory cytokines. Results: Thirty-four men and postmenopausal women were matched for weight and gender and randomly assigned to consume 1 cup Raisins/d (Raisin), increase the amount of steps walked/d (WALK) or a combination of both interventions (RaisinS + WALK). The subjects completed a 2 wk run-in period, followed by a 6 wk intervention. Systolic blood pressure was reduced for all subjects (P = 0.008). Plasma total cholesterol was decreased by 9.4% for all subjects (P < 0.005), which was explained by a 13.7% reduction in plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (P < 0.001). Plasma triglycerides (TG) concentrations were decreased by 19.5% for WALK (P < 0.05 for group effect). Plasma TNF-α was decreased from 3.5 ng/L to 2.1 ng/L for Raisin (P < 0.025 for time and group × time effect). All subjects had a reduction in plasma sICAM-1 (P < 0.01). Conclusion: This research shows that simple lifestyle modifications such as adding Raisins to the diet or increasing steps walked have distinct beneficial effects on CVD risk.

Ying Shi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • post storage changes of volatile compounds in air and sun dried Raisins with different packaging materials using hs spme with gc ms
    Food Research International, 2019
    Co-Authors: Hafiz Umer Javed, Dong Wang, Changqing Duan, Qari Muhammad Kaleem, Ying Shi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Free- and bound-form volatiles in sun-dried Raisins (SDRs) and air-dried Raisins (ADRs) of ‘Thompson Seedless’ were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of storage. The compounds originating from glycosidically bound (GB) volatiles were significantly more abundant in bound-form than their free-form. A total of 89 and 88 free-form compounds were identified in ADRs and SDRs, respectively. Overall, higher concentration of unsaturated fatty-acid-oxidation (UFAO) and Maillard reaction (MR) compounds were observed in the SDRs. The plastic and woven bags have an insignificant effect on the volatiles in the Raisins. The main characteristics of ADR aroma were floral and fruity, while fatty, roasted, and chemical aromas were prominent in SDRs. With the exception of chemical aroma, the aromatic series (fruity, floral, herbaceous and roasted) increased during the storage duration and become more compelling in 12 month. The packaging materials have similar effect on aromatic series, except fruity note, which was higher in woven bag. The main floral and fruity aroma contributors were decanal, β-ionone, ethyl hexanoate, β-damascenone, and 1-octen-3-ol. Herein we identified UFAO and MR compounds as the main contributors of Raisin aromas.

  • study of free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds in air dried Raisins from three seedless grape varieties using hs spme with gc ms
    Food Chemistry, 2015
    Co-Authors: Dong Wang, Jian Cai, Baoqing Zhu, Changqing Duan, Guang Chen, Ying Shi
    Abstract:

    Volatile compounds in air-dried Raisins from Turpan, China were analysed, with 77 volatiles identified in Flame Seedless, Thompson Seedless, and Crimson Seedless Raisins, 37 of which had never been reported as Raisin volatiles. Odour activity values (OAVs) of these volatiles were calculated; 20 compounds had OAVs above 1. The aroma characters of the three varieties were quite similar except for some differences in the intensity of each aroma character. The main free-form volatiles were ethyl acetate, hexanoic acid, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal and geraniol, with β-damascenone, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 1-octen-3-ol and hexanal making the highest contribution to the aroma. Fruity and floral were the main characteristics of the free-form aromas in Raisins. The main bound-form volatiles were benzyl alcohol and acetoin, with β-damascenone contributing most to the bound-form aromas, enhancing the floral, fruity and fatty aroma.

Matthew W Fidelibus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Productivity and Fruit Composition of Dry-On-Vine Raisin Grapes Pruned to 15- or 20-Node Canes on an Overhead Trellis
    Catalyst: Discovery into Practice, 2020
    Co-Authors: Kimberley A Cathline, George Zhuang, Matthew W Fidelibus
    Abstract:

    Summary Goals: Dry-on-vine (DOV) Raisin grapes are cane-pruned to allow for cane severance, which initiates the DOV process, and to maximize yield potential. Yield components of Thompson Seedless Raisin grapes, including the number of clusters per node, cluster and berry weight, and soluble solids per berry, have been shown to follow particular patterns with respect to node position, and this has informed pruning practice. However, DOV Raisins in California are made from varieties that ripen earlier than Thompson Seedless, and they may have different fruiting characteristics. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine how the number of nodes per cane, and node position, affected yield components of DOV Raisin grape varieties. Key findings: Basal nodes produced the fewest clusters due to poorer bud break and lower fruitfulness. Fiesta was the most fruitful variety, followed by Selma Pete, and then Thompson Seedless and DOVine. Cluster fresh weight increased whereas berry soluble solids (Brix) decreased with node position, regardless of cane length. Fruit from longer canes had less soluble solids (Brix) than the fruit from shorter canes, thus cane length did not usually affect total soluble solids (fruit fresh weight x soluble solids (Brix)) per cane. Fiesta produced more fresh fruit and total soluble solids per cane than other varieties. Impact and significance: Cane length had contrasting effects on fresh fruit weight and soluble solids, with shorter canes producing less fruit with higher soluble solids, whereas long canes produced more fruit of lower soluble solids. Harvested on the same date, these effects sufficiently countered each other such that canes of different lengths produced similar amounts of total soluble solids (sugar per cane) in two of three years. In California, where early maturity is preferred to ensure adequate drying time, shorter canes may be better than longer ones. However, if cane severance can be delayed to allow the berries to accumulate more sugar, which might be possible in other growing regions, or when drying emulsion may be used to hasten drying, longer canes could potentially increase Raisin yield.

  • yield quality sensory attributes and consumer acceptance of seedless muscat Raisin grapes dried on the vine or on trays
    Catalyst: Discovery into Practice, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ofelia Angulo, Matthew W Fidelibus, Pete L Christense, Hildegarde Heyma, Kimberley A Cathline
    Abstract:

    Summary Goals: The California Raisin industry is transitioning from tray-dry to dry-on-vine (DOV) production methods. Grapes dry more slowly on the vine compared to on trays, so the DOV method works better with Raisin grape varieties that ripen earlier than Thompson Seedless. Earliness allows drying to commence during a hotter part of the summer, and affords a longer drying period. Summer Muscat and Diamond Muscat are among the earliest ripening of the newer Raisin varieties, but they have not been widely planted, partly due to a lack of information about yield and quality, and also because of industry concerns that consumers would not accept their muscat flavor. Therefore, we conducted field research to document yield components and quality grades in Summer Muscat and Diamond Muscat, and we performed sensory and consumer acceptance tests to compare these varieties with Fiesta, a standard neutral-flavored DOV variety. Further, we considered whether the tray or DOV drying method affected consumer acceptance of Raisins from these varieties. Key Findings: Diamond Muscat and Summer Muscat were similarly productive, with grapes that could fully dry on the vine, producing Raisins with high “B or better” and low “substandard” grades. Both muscat varieties produced a high proportion of fruit from basal nodes, especially when trained to quadrilateral cordons. Fruit from basal buds is undesirable for cane-pruned DOV varieties, so bilateral cordon training is recommended. Compared to Summer Muscat, Diamond Muscat had a higher proportion of “head fruit” (clusters on renewal shoots and below the point where canes were severed), and Diamond Muscat berries were heavier and less acidic. Compared to tray-dried Raisins of a given variety, DOV Raisins were less brown and more homogeneous in color, smaller and less homogenous in size, had finer wrinkles, and were spicier, sweeter, less sour and astringent, and less chewy than tray-dried Raisins. Grapevine variety and drying method interacted to affect consumer preference in Raisins; consumers most preferred Fiesta Raisins (tray and DOV) and Summer Muscat Raisins dried on trays, and they least preferred Summer Muscat DOV Raisins. Impact and Significance: We found that Diamond Muscat and Summer Muscat have similar and high productivity, sufficient earliness to ensure consistent and adequate drying, and reliably good quality scores, making both varieties well suited for DOV Raisin production from an agronomic perspective. However, consumer acceptance of Summer Muscat Raisins was strongly affected by drying method; the DOV method resulted in the least-liked Raisins in the study, and the tray drying method produced the most-liked Raisins. In contrast, drying method did not strongly affect consumer preference of Raisins from other varieties, although drying method consistently affected many of the tested hedonic variables.

  • Canopy Separation Did Not Improve Dry-on-Vine Raisin Yield or Quality from Selma Pete Grapevines on Open Gable Trellises
    Catalyst: Discovery into Practice, 2017
    Co-Authors: Matthew W Fidelibus
    Abstract:

    Summary Goals: Dry-on-vine (DOV) Raisin growers with open gable trellises can use selective cane-pruning and shoot positioning to separate grapevine canopies into distinct fruiting and renewal zones. This practice is thought to improve canopy structure and microenvironment, increasing Raisin yield and quality. However, these assumptions have not yet been confirmed by research. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in which Selma Pete grapevines ( Vitis vinifera ) on open-gable trellises were subjected to one of three canopy separation treatments: non-separated; center-divided, where renewal shoots were gathered in the trellis center and supported by a foliage catch wire; or within-row alternate-bearing (WRAB), where selective pruning left canes and spurs on opposite cordons. The effects of canopy separation treatments on canopy structure, microenvironment and Raisin yield, and quality were followed for three years. Key Findings: The WRAB canopy separation method generally reduced the number of leaf layers and increased the proportion of leaves on the canopy exterior in renewal shoot zones. In spring, renewal shoots in WRAB canopies had more direct sun exposure than renewal shoots in other canopy types, but light levels in WRAB canopies diminished thereafter, becoming similar to those in other canopies. Despite effects on canopy structure and microenvironment, no canopy separation method tested affected Raisin yield or quality consistently. Impact and Significance: The WRAB canopy separation method affected canopy structure and microenvironment, but insufficiently to increase the yield or quality of DOV Raisins on an open gable trellis. Moreover, the selective pruning required to establish WRAB canopies may reduce yield in the season following establishment, and possibly have negative effects on the fruiting zone microclimate, hindering fruit ripening or drying.

  • population dynamics of aspergillus section nigri species on vineyard samples of grapes and Raisins
    Journal of Food Protection, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey D Palumbo, Teresa L Okeeffe, Matthew W Fidelibus
    Abstract:

    Several species of Aspergillus section Nigri, including potential mycotoxin producers, are common residents of grape vineyards, but the relative population size of individual species throughout the growing season is difficult to determine using traditional isolation and identification methods. Using a quantitative droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method in combination with dilution plating, total Aspergillus section Nigri populations and relative proportions of A. niger, A. welwitschiae, A. carbonarius, and A. tubingensis were measured from vineyard samples without the need for identifying individual fungal isolates. Grapes were sampled from two Raisin vineyards (vineyards A and B) at berry set, veraison, harvest, and Raisin stages in two consecutive years. Plate counts showed that the total population of Aspergillus section Nigri present on the fruit increased from berry set to Raisin and became a larger component of the total recovered fungal population in both vineyards in both years. Results from ddPCR analysis showed that the relative proportion of A. carbonarius among the four species assayed increased later in the season (harvest and Raisin) in comparison to earlier in the season (berry set and veraison). Total fungal and Aspergillus section Nigri plate counts were not significantly different between vineyards in either year. However, vineyard A generally showed higher proportions of A. carbonarius in harvest and Raisin samples than vineyard B. This coincided with higher incidence and levels of ochratoxin A in vineyard A harvest and Raisin fruit than in vineyard B fruit. This work demonstrates that this ddPCR method is a useful tool for culture-independent monitoring of populations of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species during grape and Raisin production.

  • grape maturity yield quality sensory properties and consumer acceptance of fiesta and selma pete dry on vine Raisins
    American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 2012
    Co-Authors: Giuseppina Paola Parpinello, Hildegarde Heymann, Stephen J Vasquez, Kimberley A Cathline, Matthew W Fidelibus
    Abstract:

    Timely cane severance is the critical first step in the dry-on-vine (DOV) Raisin-making process. If canes are severed too early, the berries will have insufficient soluble solids, limiting yield and grade, but if the canes are severed too late, then the grapes will not dry sufficiently. Further, grape maturity at drying may affect the sensory attributes of the Raisins, and therefore consumer acceptance. Thus, production studies were conducted over three seasons to determine the relationship between grape maturity and the yield and quality of DOV Raisins made from two important DOV Raisin grape ( Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars, Fiesta and Selma Pete. Additionally, sensory attributes, and consumer acceptance, of “B and better” Raisins made from low or high maturity Raisins of each cultivar were conducted in one year. There was a positive curvilinear relationship between berry soluble solids level and Raisin grades, comparable to relationships established for tray-dried Raisins. However, DOV Raisins appeared to achieve higher quality grades than would be expected of tray-dried Raisins, especially at soluble solids 20 Brix. Raisin yield, moisture content, and quality grades varied according to year and cane severance date but, in general, an acceptable balance of these variables was achieved by severing the canes at 19 Brix for Fiesta and 21 Brix for Selma Pete. However, consumer acceptance data suggested that most people prefer Selma Pete Raisins and Raisins from the most mature Fiesta grapes, all of which were made from grapes with >20 Brix at drying. It may be difficult to consistently achieve 20 Brix and adequate drying of Fiesta, suggesting Selma Pete is the superior variety for DOV Raisin production.

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