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Gabriel Gascó - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of biochar prepared from organic waste on soil properties
2014Co-Authors: Gabriel Gascó, Paola Cely, Ana M. Tarquis, Jorge Paz-ferreiro, Antonio Saa-requejo, Ana MéndezAbstract:Biochar is a carbon-rich solid obtained by the thermal decomposition of organic matter under a limited supply of oxygen and at relatively low temperatures. Biochar can be prepared from the pyrolysis of different organic feed- stocks, such as wood and biomass crops, agricultural by-products, different types of waste or paper industry waste materials . The pyrolysis procedure of waste, i.e. Sewage Sludge, has mainly two advantages, firstly, it removes pathogens from waste and, secondly, biochar can reduce the leaching of heavy metals present in Raw Sewage Sludge. This trend of the use of waste material as feedstocks to the preparation of biochar is increasing in the last years due to industrial development and economic growth imply an increase in waste generation. The application of biochar may have positive effects on soil physical properties as water holding capacity and structure or on soil biological activity and soil quality. Also, biochar can be used to remove water pollutants and can be used in multiple ways in soil remediation due to its adsorption of pesticides or metals. Also, biochar contribute to carbon sequestration due to carbon stability of biochar materials. The objective of this presentation is to review the positive effects of the biochar prepared from organic waste on soil properties.
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Influence of pyrolysis temperature on composted Sewage Sludge biochar priming effect in a loamy soil.
Chemosphere, 2013Co-Authors: A. Méndez, Antonio Saa-requejo, Ana M. Tarquis, F. Guerrero, Gabriel GascóAbstract:Biochar is a carbon-rich solid product obtained by the pyrolysis of organic materials. The carbon stability of biochar allows that it can be applied to soil for long-term carbon storage. This carbon stability is greatly influenced by the pyrolysis temperature and the Raw material used for biochar production. The aim of the present work is to study the soil carbon sequestration after the application of biochar from Sewage Sludge (SL) pyrolysis at two different temperatures (400 and 600 °C). For this purpose, soil CO2 emissions were measured for 80 d in an incubation experiment after soil amendment with the SL and each biochar at a dosage of 8 wt%. Biochar reduced the CO2 emissions during incubation between 11% and 32% relative to the SL treatment. The CO2 data were fit to a dual exponential model, and the CO2 emissions were simulated at different times (1, 5 and 10 yr). Additionally, the kinetics of the CO2 evolution from SL, two biochar samples, soil and amended soil were well fit to a dual first-order kinetic model with correlation coefficients greater than 0.93. The simulation of CO2 emissions from the soil by applying the proposed double first-order kinetic model (kg CO2-C ha(-1)) showed a reduction of CO2 emissions between 301 and 932 kg CO2-C ha(-1)with respect to the direct application of Raw Sewage Sludge after 10 yr.
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Effects of Sewage Sludge biochar on plant metal availability after application to a Mediterranean soil.
Chemosphere, 2012Co-Authors: A. Méndez, Jorge Paz-ferreiro, Amaia Gómez, Gabriel GascóAbstract:Pyrolytic conversion of Sewage Sludge into biochar could be a sustainable management option for Mediterranean agricultural soils. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of biochar from Sewage Sludge pyrolysis on soil properties; heavy metals solubility and bioavailability in a Mediterranean agricultural soil and compared with those of Raw Sewage Sludge. Biochar (B) was prepared by pyrolysis of selected Sewage Sludge (SL) at 500°C. The pyrolysis process decreased the plant-available of Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb, the mobile forms of Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb and also the risk of leaching of Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd. A selected Mediterranean soil was amended with SL and B at two different rates in mass: 4% and 8%. The incubation experiment (200 d) was conducted in order to study carbon mineralization and trace metal solubility and bioavailability of these treatments. Both types of amendments increased soil respiration with respect to the control soil. The increase was lower in the case of B than when SL was directly added. Metals mobility was studied in soil after the incubation and it can be established that the risk of leaching of Cu, Ni and Zn were lower in the soil treated with biochar that in Sewage Sludge treatment. Biochar amended samples also reduced plant availability of Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb when compared to Sewage Sludge amended samples.
Piotr Konieczka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the potential of Raw Sewage Sludge in construction industry a review
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Leslaw świerczek, Bartlomiej Cieślik, Piotr KonieczkaAbstract:Abstract Excess Sewage Sludge produced in any municipal or industrial wastewater treatment plant becomes a serious problem due to its increasing amount. This increase is related to the improvement of treatment technologies, expansion of Sewage systems and the development of new industrial plants. The implementation and development of new technologies related to the utilization of Sewage Sludge is currently based on treating it as a substrate. Construction is an industry branch where Sewage Sludge, as well as other waste materials, can be used. The use of Sewage Sludge in building materials eliminates some of the expensive and energy-intensive stages of utilization, and the final product obtained is often stable and safe. This is confirmed, among other research regarding strength properties, water resistance, frost resistance and heavy metal leaching, especially when the amount of Sewage Sludge in solidified samples is low. The main purpose of the article is to present the latest methods of using Sewage Sludge (dried, dehydrated, and Raw) in building and construction materials. Methods of producing low-strength materials for landfilling purposes have also been described. The stabilization of Sewage Sludge with binding additives improves the end product's durability compared to standard solutions (dewatering). The use of Sludge in concrete and mortars mixes is usually associated with a reduction in their strength compared to mixtures without Sludge. The binder in the mixture is responsible for the strength of concrete or mortar. Sintering Sewage Sludge to make ceramic products (bricks, tiles) and lightweight aggregates is a promising approach, but in comparison to other methods such solutions require more energy expenditure. Nevertheless, the obtained products are stable and their durability, while lower than that of the control samples, still qualifies them for applications in construction. Due to the different physicochemical properties of Sludge, the methods of its management should be designed separately. It is therefore difficult to select one general and the most optimal method of management of Sludge in building materials, but on the basis of the presented review, the authors indicate that one of the best methods of management is sintering Sewage Sludge into lightweight aggregates.
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review of Sewage Sludge management standards regulations and analytical methods
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015Co-Authors: Bartlomiej Cieślik, Jacek Namieśnik, Piotr KonieczkaAbstract:Abstract This article presents the most popular methods of Sewage Sludge management and associated unit operations and processes referring to them. The most popular methods are: Reclamation and adaptation of lands to specific needs; plant cultivation not intended for consumption or for production of food; usage in agriculture; usage in building; recovery of phosphorus, rare earth metals or fats and usage in industry; producing combustible pellets, granulates or other usable materials such as absorbents; and storage on territory of treatment plant and landfills. Processing connected with stabilization leads to generation of materials which might be contaminated with variety of organic compounds. Since this type of management generally assumes introduction of processed Sludge to the ground, it can cause soil contamination with unknown compounds of organic origin. However, thermal processing of Raw Sewage Sludge essentially excludes such possibility. Majority of organic matter is transformed into simple, mineralized form. In this case the most problematic issue is Sewage Sludge ash contamination with heavy metals. Although, determination of heavy metals in ashes is much simpler than determination of organic compounds. Chemical analysis can be very useful to asses environmental safety of processed and managed Sewage Sludge. That is why there is a significant quantity of used analytical techniques which are likely to support the processes of designing and implementing new economically and environmentally reasonable ways of re-using Sewage Sludge. Further, the process of technological utilization of Sewage Sludge conducted in Wastewater Treatment Plant “Wschod” in Gdansk is described. Recently technological line was upgraded. Now excessive Sewage Sludge is anaerobic digested with biogas recovery. Fermentation residues are incinerated in fluidized bed furnace. Ashes are cemented and land filled. Gdanska Infrastruktura Wodociągowo-Kanalizacyjna, which is owner of the treatment plant “Wschod“ is planning development strategy for the implementation of a pro-ecological management method connected with production of light construction materials and phosphorus recovery. Management of thermal treated Sewage Sludge is simpler and cheaper than non-thermal management, especially in case of large amounts of treated Sewage Sludge like in Wastewater Treatment Plant “Wschod”. Management in smaller installations of treatment plants collecting Sewage Sludge from less industrialized agglomerations is also less complicated. Sewage Sludge management process should be developed separately for each treatment plant. Only then all management methods will be ecologically and economically justified.
A. Méndez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of pyrolysis temperature on composted Sewage Sludge biochar priming effect in a loamy soil.
Chemosphere, 2013Co-Authors: A. Méndez, Antonio Saa-requejo, Ana M. Tarquis, F. Guerrero, Gabriel GascóAbstract:Biochar is a carbon-rich solid product obtained by the pyrolysis of organic materials. The carbon stability of biochar allows that it can be applied to soil for long-term carbon storage. This carbon stability is greatly influenced by the pyrolysis temperature and the Raw material used for biochar production. The aim of the present work is to study the soil carbon sequestration after the application of biochar from Sewage Sludge (SL) pyrolysis at two different temperatures (400 and 600 °C). For this purpose, soil CO2 emissions were measured for 80 d in an incubation experiment after soil amendment with the SL and each biochar at a dosage of 8 wt%. Biochar reduced the CO2 emissions during incubation between 11% and 32% relative to the SL treatment. The CO2 data were fit to a dual exponential model, and the CO2 emissions were simulated at different times (1, 5 and 10 yr). Additionally, the kinetics of the CO2 evolution from SL, two biochar samples, soil and amended soil were well fit to a dual first-order kinetic model with correlation coefficients greater than 0.93. The simulation of CO2 emissions from the soil by applying the proposed double first-order kinetic model (kg CO2-C ha(-1)) showed a reduction of CO2 emissions between 301 and 932 kg CO2-C ha(-1)with respect to the direct application of Raw Sewage Sludge after 10 yr.
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Effects of Sewage Sludge biochar on plant metal availability after application to a Mediterranean soil.
Chemosphere, 2012Co-Authors: A. Méndez, Jorge Paz-ferreiro, Amaia Gómez, Gabriel GascóAbstract:Pyrolytic conversion of Sewage Sludge into biochar could be a sustainable management option for Mediterranean agricultural soils. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of biochar from Sewage Sludge pyrolysis on soil properties; heavy metals solubility and bioavailability in a Mediterranean agricultural soil and compared with those of Raw Sewage Sludge. Biochar (B) was prepared by pyrolysis of selected Sewage Sludge (SL) at 500°C. The pyrolysis process decreased the plant-available of Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb, the mobile forms of Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb and also the risk of leaching of Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd. A selected Mediterranean soil was amended with SL and B at two different rates in mass: 4% and 8%. The incubation experiment (200 d) was conducted in order to study carbon mineralization and trace metal solubility and bioavailability of these treatments. Both types of amendments increased soil respiration with respect to the control soil. The increase was lower in the case of B than when SL was directly added. Metals mobility was studied in soil after the incubation and it can be established that the risk of leaching of Cu, Ni and Zn were lower in the soil treated with biochar that in Sewage Sludge treatment. Biochar amended samples also reduced plant availability of Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb when compared to Sewage Sludge amended samples.
Alaa Hamood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effectiveness of using Raw Sewage Sludge (RSS) as a water replacement in cement mortar mixes containing Unprocessed Fly Ash (u-FA)
Construction and Building Materials, 2017Co-Authors: Alaa Hamood, Jamal M. Khatib, Craig D. WilliamsAbstract:The performance of two groups of mortar mixes containing Unprocessed Fly Ash (u-FA) with either Raw Sewage Sludge (RSS) or water was examined. Both groups included four mortar mixes containing Portland cement, sand, u-FA. Group 1 used RSS as a water replacement and Group 2 used water. Cement was replaced with 0, 10, 20 and 30% u-FA of total binder weight and one Liquid/Binder ratio of 0.8 was used. Mortar mixes were tested for their flowability, Total Water Absorption (TWA), Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), compressive strength and drying shrinkage. The outcomes of the investigation were encouraging in that cement-based materials containing RSS demonstrated good engineering properties in comparison to the control mixes. The inclusion of u-FA significantly reduced flowability; however improved long-term compressive strength for both groups. The greatest compressive strength was recorded for the mixes with 10–20% u-FA replacement
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The Use of Raw Sewage Sludge (RSS) As a Water Replacement in Cement-Based Mixes
ICSDEC 2012, 2012Co-Authors: Alaa Hamood, Jamal M. KhatibAbstract:The aim of this study was to introduce an effective alternative to the traditional treatment methods of Raw Sewage Sludge (RSS). This included the utilization of RSS as a water replacement in cement-based mixes for the production of sustainable construction materials. Four mixes, incorporating Portland cement, fine aggregate (1:4.5 respectively) and RSS (97.5% liquid content as a water replacement), were prepared. One more mix incorporating drinking water was also investigated for comparison purposes. Prepared specimens were cured for 90 days and tested for their compressive strength, specific gravity (SG), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and total water absorption. Results showed that RSS could potentially be used as a water replacement, as mixes incorporating RSS presented relatively good engineering properties in comparison with mix incorporating drinking water. Engineering properties were mainly affected by the amount of RSS added, as with the decreasing of RSS amount the better the engineering properties.
Craig D. Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effectiveness of using Raw Sewage Sludge (RSS) as a water replacement in cement mortar mixes containing Unprocessed Fly Ash (u-FA)
Construction and Building Materials, 2017Co-Authors: Alaa Hamood, Jamal M. Khatib, Craig D. WilliamsAbstract:The performance of two groups of mortar mixes containing Unprocessed Fly Ash (u-FA) with either Raw Sewage Sludge (RSS) or water was examined. Both groups included four mortar mixes containing Portland cement, sand, u-FA. Group 1 used RSS as a water replacement and Group 2 used water. Cement was replaced with 0, 10, 20 and 30% u-FA of total binder weight and one Liquid/Binder ratio of 0.8 was used. Mortar mixes were tested for their flowability, Total Water Absorption (TWA), Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), compressive strength and drying shrinkage. The outcomes of the investigation were encouraging in that cement-based materials containing RSS demonstrated good engineering properties in comparison to the control mixes. The inclusion of u-FA significantly reduced flowability; however improved long-term compressive strength for both groups. The greatest compressive strength was recorded for the mixes with 10–20% u-FA replacement
