The Experts below are selected from a list of 3054 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael J. Kahana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a spacing account of negative Recency in final free recall
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 2018Co-Authors: Joel R Kuhn, Lynn J. Lohnas, Michael J. KahanaAbstract:The well-known Recency Effect in immediate free recall reverses when subjects attempt to recall items studied and tested on a series of prior lists, as in the final-free-recall procedure (Craik, 1970). In this case, the last few items on each list are actually remembered less well than are the midlist items. Because dual-store theories of recall naturally predict negative Recency, this phenomenon has long been cited as evidence favoring these models. In a final-free-recall study, we replicate the negative-Recency Effect for the within-list serial position curve and the positive-Recency Effect for the between-list serial position curve. Whereas we find prominent negative Recency for items recalled early in the initial recall period, this Effect is markedly reduced for items recalled later in the recall period. When considering initial recall as a second presentation of studied items, we find that the probability of final free recall increases as the number of items between initial presentation and initial recall increases. These results suggest that negative Recency may reflect the beneficial Effects of spaced practice, in which end-of-list items recalled early constitute massed repetitions and end-of-list items recalled late are spaced repetitions. To help distinguish between the spacing account and the prevailing dual-store, rehearsal-based account, we examined negative Recency in continual-distractor free recall. Contrary to the dual-store account, but in accord with the spacing account, we find robust negative Recency in continual-distractor free recall, which is greater for those items recalled early in output. (PsycINFO Database Record
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age dissociates Recency and lag Recency Effects in free recall
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 2002Co-Authors: Michael J. Kahana, Franklin M Zaromb, Marc W Howard, Arthur WingfieldAbstract:The temporal relations among word-list items exert a powerful influence on episodic memory retrieval. Two experiments were conducted with younger and older adults in which the age-related recall deficit was examined by using a decomposition method to the serial position curve, partitioning performance into (a) the probability of first recall, illustrating the Recency Effect, and (b) the conditional response probability, illustrating the lag Recency Effect (M. W. Howard & M. J. Kahana, 1999). Although the older adults initiated recall in the same manner in both immediate and delayed free recall, temporal proximity of study items (contiguity) exerted a much weaker influence on recall transitions in older adults. This finding suggests that an associative deficit may be an important contributor to older adults' well-known impairment in free recall.
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contextual variability and serial position Effects in free recall
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 1999Co-Authors: Marc W Howard, Michael J. KahanaAbstract:In immediate free recall, words recalled successively tend to come from nearby serial positions. M. J. Kahana (1996) documented this Effect and showed that this tendency, which the authors refer to as the lag Recency Effect, is well described by a variant of the search of associative memory (SAM) model (J. G. W. Raaijmakers & R. M. Shiffrin, 1980, 1981). In 2 experiments, participants performed immediate, delayed, and continuous distractor free recall under conditions designed to minimize rehearsal. The lag Recency Effect, previously observed in immediate free recall, was also observed in delayed and continuous distractor free recall. Although two-store memory models, such as SAM, readily account for the end-of-list Recency Effect in immediate free recall, and its attenuation in delayed free recall, these models fail to account for the long-term Recency Effect. By means of analytic simulations, the authors show that both the end of list Recency Effect and the lag Recency Effect, across all distractor conditions, can be explained by a single-store model in which context, retrieved with each recalled item, serves as a cue for subsequent recalls.
Trevor A Hurwitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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primacy and Recency Effects in the assessment of memory using the rey auditory verbal learning test
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1992Co-Authors: David J Crockett, Thomas Hadjistavropoulos, Trevor A HurwitzAbstract:Abstract The present study examined the manifestation of the primacy and Recency Effects in patients with anterior brain damage, posterior brain damage, and psychiatric inpatients with no known organic impairment. All three groups of patients demon- strated both a primacy and a Recency Effect on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Differences among the three groups with respect to the magnitude of primacy and Recency as well as with other variables reflecting free recall were nonsignificant. These findings limit the use of primacy and Recency for the differ- entiation of memory deficits due to organic and nonorganic causes.
Thomas Schack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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moving and memorizing motor planning modulates the Recency Effect in serial and free recall
Acta Psychologica, 2009Co-Authors: Matthias Weigelt, David A Rosenbaum, Sven Huelshorst, Thomas SchackAbstract:Abstract Motor planning has generally been studied in situations where participants carry out physical actions without a particular purpose. Yet in everyday life physical actions are usually carried out for higher-order goals. We asked whether two previously discovered motor planning phenomena – the end-state comfort Effect and motor hysteresis – would hold up if the actions were carried out in the service of higher-order goals. The higher-order goal we chose to study was memorization. By focusing on memorization, we asked not only how and whether motor planning is affected by the need to memorize, but also how memory performance might depend on the cognitive demands of motor planning. We asked university-student participants to retrieve cups from a column of drawers and memorize as many letters as possible from the inside of the cups. The drawers were opened either in a random order (Experiment 1) or in a regular order (Experiments 2 and 3). The end-state comfort Effect and motor hysteresis were replicated in these conditions, indicating that the Effects hold up when physical actions are carried out for the sake of a higher-order goal. Surprisingly, one of the most reliable Effects in memory research was eliminated, namely, the tendency of recent items to be recalled better than earlier items – the Recency Effect. This outcome was not an artifact of memory being uniformly poor, because the tendency of initial items to be recalled better than later items – the primacy Effect – was obtained. Elimination of the Recency Effect was not due to the requirement that participants recall items in their correct order, for the Recency Effect was also eliminated when the items could be recalled in any order (Experiment 3). These and other aspects of the results support recent claims for tighter links between perceptual-motor control and intellectual (symbolic) processing than have been assumed in the past.
David J Crockett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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primacy and Recency Effects in the assessment of memory using the rey auditory verbal learning test
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1992Co-Authors: David J Crockett, Thomas Hadjistavropoulos, Trevor A HurwitzAbstract:Abstract The present study examined the manifestation of the primacy and Recency Effects in patients with anterior brain damage, posterior brain damage, and psychiatric inpatients with no known organic impairment. All three groups of patients demon- strated both a primacy and a Recency Effect on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Differences among the three groups with respect to the magnitude of primacy and Recency as well as with other variables reflecting free recall were nonsignificant. These findings limit the use of primacy and Recency for the differ- entiation of memory deficits due to organic and nonorganic causes.
Wilfried Sachsenheimer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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profiles of patients with left prefrontal and left temporal lobe lesions after cerebrovascular infarcations on california verbal learning test like indices
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 1998Co-Authors: Helmut Hildebrandt, Andreas Brand, Wilfried SachsenheimerAbstract:We compared memory disorders of three patient groups suffering from brain lesions with a word list corresponding to the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLTgcor). Dependent measures were learning rate and efficiency, retention, and strategic control of the learning process. Compared to a control group of patients with right hemispheric lesions, a left Arteria cerebri posterior (LACP) group showed general memory deficits, an inflated Recency Effect, and increased serial clustering. A left prefrontal cortex (LPFC) group documented slowed learning and increased recall after semantic cues. Discriminant analysis correctly classified 86.11% of the patients. It is argued that (a) the CVLT helps to cover differences in memory disorders recently discussed in cognitive neuropsychology; (b) differences between PFC and ACP patients become evident only if strategic aspects of learning and increased recall after semantic cueing are taken into account. The results are discussed within the framework of recent cognitive neuropsychological findings and with a distinction between fronto-subcortical and cortical memory disorders.
