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Paul I. Dargan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rhabdomyolysis related to acute Recreational Drug toxicity a euro den study
PLOS ONE, 2021Co-Authors: Wojciech Waldman, David M. Wood, Paul I. Dargan, Fridtjof Heyerdahl, Knut Erik Hovda, Alison M Dines, Christopher Yates, Isabelle Giraudon, Piotr Kabata, Jacek Sein AnandAbstract:BACKGROUND This study was conducted to retrospectively assess the relationships between: rhabdomyolysis (quantified by creatine kinase (CK) activity) and kidney injury (quantified by serum creatinine concentration), sex, age, body temperature on admission, presence of seizures, and agitation or aggression in patients presenting to the Emergency Department with acute Recreational Drug toxicity. We also investigated the association with the substances ingested. METHODS All presentations to the 16 sentinel Euro-DEN centres in 10 European countries with acute Recreational Drug toxicity during the first year of the Euro-DEN study (October 2013 to September 2014) were considered. Cases that had abnormal CK activity recorded as part of routine clinical care were divided into 3 cohorts depending on peak CK activity. Cases with normal CK activity were included as a control group (4th cohort). RESULTS Only 1,015 (18.4%) of the 5,529 Euro-DEN presentations had CK activity concentration recorded. Of this group 353 (34.8%) had also creatinine concentration measured. There were 375 (36.9%) with minor rhabdomyolysis, 69 (6.8%) with moderate rhabdomyolysis, and 24 (2.4%) with severe rhabdomyolysis; 547 (53.9%) were included in the control group. There was a positive correlation between CK activity and creatinine concentration (correlation coefficient r = 0.71, p<0.0001). There was no correlation between CK activity and body temperature at the time of presentation to the ED (correlation coefficient r = 0.07, p = 0.03). There was a positive correlation between CK activity and length of stay in the hospital (r = 0.31, p<0.001). There was no association between CK activity and the presence of seizures (p = 0.33) or agitation/aggression (p = 0.45), patients age (p = 0.4) or sex (p = 0.25). The 5 most common agents amongst patients presenting with rhabdomyolysis were: cocaine (n = 107; 22.9% presentations), amphetamine (76; 16.2%), cannabis (74; 15.8%), GHB/GBL (72; 15.4%) and heroin (67; 14.3%). The distribution of rhabdomyolysis in 5 most common Drugs was (Drug; patients with rhabdomyolysis, patients without rhabdomyolysis): cocaine (107, 122), cannabis (74, 117), GHB/GBL (72, 81), amphetamine (76, 66), heroin (67, 70). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal values of CK activity occurred in almost half (46.1%) of presentations to the Emergency Department with acute Recreational Drug toxicity in whom CK activity was measured; however, severe rhabdomyolysis is seen in only a small minority (2.4%). Those with rhabdomyolysis are at significantly higher risk of kidney injury and have a longer length of hospital stay.
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seizures as a complication of Recreational Drug use analysis of the euro den plus data set
Neurotoxicology, 2019Co-Authors: Caitlin E Wolfe, David M. Wood, Fridtjof Heyerdahl, Knut Erik Hovda, Alison M Dines, Christopher Yates, Isabelle Giraudon, Benjamin P Whatley, Paul I. DarganAbstract:Seizures are a recognized and potentially serious complication of Recreational Drug use. This study examined a large international data set of presentations to Emergency Departments with acute Recreational Drug toxicity, the European Drug Emergencies Plus (Euro-DEN Plus) Network, to compare presentations with and without seizures and estimate incidence and associated Drugs. Amongst 23,947 presentations between January 2014 and December 2017, there were 1013 (4.2%) with reported seizures. Clinical and demographic features were similar between individuals who had a seizure and those who did not, although rates of coma, cardiac arrest, intubation, intensive care admission, and death were significantly higher in those with seizures. There was a significant association between specific Drugs and a higher seizure incidence, including fentanyl (odds ratio 2.63, 95% confidence interval 1.20-5.80), and synthetic cannabinoids (OR 2.90, 95% CI 2.19-3.84). Other Drugs were associated with a lower seizure incidence, including heroin (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35-0.61), clonazepam (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.91), and cannabis (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50-0.86). This substantiates observations that the synthetic cannabinoids as a group of novel psychoactive substances are clinically different in consequence of intoxication than cannabis, and that individuals who suffer a seizure in the context of Recreational Drug intoxication are likely to have worse outcomes overall. Utilising this information of what substances have a greater risk of seizures, could provide tailored harm reduction and education strategies to users to reduce the risk of seizures and their associated complications.
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A cloud on the horizon-a survey into the use of electronic vaping devices for Recreational Drug and new psychoactive substance (NPS) administration
QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians, 2017Co-Authors: M Blundell, Paul I. Dargan, David M. WoodAbstract:Background There is limited published scientific data on vaping Recreational Drugs other than cannabis. A recent review suggested that 15% of people vaping cannabis have also vaped a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) and identified over 300 Internet reports of e-liquid manufacture of Recreational Drugs and/or new psychoactive substances (NPS). Aim To determine the prevalence of use of electronic vaping devices for Recreational Drug and NPS delivery in the UK. Design A voluntary online survey using a convenience sample of UK adult participants (aged 16 years old and over) identified by a market research company. Methods Data was collected regarding demographics, smoking history, electronic vaping device history and Recreational Drug/NPS use and route of administration. Results There were 2501 respondents. The mean (±SD) age was 46.2 ± 16.8 years old. The commonest lifetime Recreational Drug used was Cannabis (818, 32.7%). The majority of respondents had smoked (1545, 61.8%) with 731 (29.2%) being current smokers. The most commonly used SCRA product was 'Spice Gold' (173, 6.9%) and SCRA compound was ADB-CHMICA (48, 1.9%). 861 (34.4%) had used an electronic vaping device; 340 (13.6%) having used them for Recreational Drug administration; 236 (9.4%) reporting current use. The commonest lifetime Recreational Drug to be vaped was cannabis (155, 65.7%), with electronic cigarettes (230, 48.2%) being the commonest reported route of SCRA compound administration. Conclusion 9.4% of respondents currently use electronic vaping devices for Recreational Drug administration with 6.2% reporting lifetime cannabis vaping use. Further larger scale studies are required to help inform the appropriate treatment and primary prevention strategies.
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a comparison of Recreational Drug use amongst sexual health clinic users in london with existing prevalence data
International Journal of Std & Aids, 2016Co-Authors: Natalie Thurtle, David M. Wood, Paul I. Dargan, Laura Hunter, Caitlyn Lovett, John WhiteAbstract:The objective was to give an overview of self-reported Recreational Drug use amongst attendees of sexual health clinics in London and compare this to existing datasets. Between December 2013 and March 2014, attendees of two sexual health clinics in London were surveyed. Data collected were: sexual history, smoking and alcohol and Recreational Drug use. Data were analysed using SPSS (version 21). A total of 1472 respondents were included; 778 (52.9%) men, 676 (45.9%) women and 3 (0.2%) transgender (15 [1.0%] did not answer). Mean age was 30.6 ± 9.0 years. A total of 339 (43.6%) men were men who have sex with men (MSM), and 18 (2.4%) women were women who have sex with women. Lifetime prevalence of use was: alcohol 94.1%; cannabis 48.5%; ‘poppers’ (volatile nitrites) 28.2%; cocaine 26.8% and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine pills 23.2%. Our population had higher current popper, methamphetamine and mephedrone use than the Crime Survey of England and Wales but lower use of cannabis, poppers and Viagra than t...
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psychosis associated with acute Recreational Drug toxicity a european case series
BMC Psychiatry, 2016Co-Authors: Odd Martin Vallersnes, David M. Wood, Paul I. Dargan, Fridtjof Heyerdahl, Knut Erik Hovda, Alison M Dines, Christopher Yates, Isabelle GiraudonAbstract:Psychosis can be associated with acute Recreational Drug and novel psychoactive substance (NPS) toxicity. However, there is limited data available on how common this is and which Drugs are most frequently implicated. We describe a European case series of psychosis associated with acute Recreational Drug toxicity, and estimate the frequency of psychosis for different Recreational Drugs. The European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN) collects data on presentations to Emergency Departments (EDs) with acute Recreational Drug and NPS toxicity at 16 centres in ten countries. Euro-DEN data from October 2013 through September 2014 was retrospectively searched, and cases with psychosis were included. The proportion of cases with psychosis per Drug was calculated in the searched Euro-DEN dataset. Psychosis was present in 348 (6.3%) of 5529 cases. The median (interquartile range) age was 29 (24-38) years, 276 (79.3%) were male and 114 (32.8%) were admitted to psychiatric ward. The Drugs most commonly reported were cannabis in 90 (25.9%) cases, amphetamine in 87 (25.0%) and cocaine in 56 (16.1%). More than one Drug was taken in 189 (54.3%) cases. Psychosis was frequent in those ED presentations involving tryptamines (4/7; 57.1%), methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) (6/22; 27.3%), methylphenidate (6/26; 23.1%), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (18/86; 20.9%), psilocybe mushrooms (3/16; 18.8%), synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (4/26; 15.4%) and amphetamine (87/593; 14.7%), but less common in those involving mephedrone (14/245; 5.7%), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (20/461; 4.3%) and methedrone (3/92; 3.3%). Amphetamine was the most frequent Drug associated with psychosis when only one agent was reported, with psychosis occurring in 32.4% of these presentations. The frequency of psychosis in acute Recreational Drug toxicity varies considerably between Drugs, but is a major problem in amphetamine poisoning. In rapidly changing Drug markets and patterns of use, the Euro-DEN sentinel network contributes to measuring the scale of Drug-related harms in Europe beyond other more established indicators.
David M. Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rhabdomyolysis related to acute Recreational Drug toxicity a euro den study
PLOS ONE, 2021Co-Authors: Wojciech Waldman, David M. Wood, Paul I. Dargan, Fridtjof Heyerdahl, Knut Erik Hovda, Alison M Dines, Christopher Yates, Isabelle Giraudon, Piotr Kabata, Jacek Sein AnandAbstract:BACKGROUND This study was conducted to retrospectively assess the relationships between: rhabdomyolysis (quantified by creatine kinase (CK) activity) and kidney injury (quantified by serum creatinine concentration), sex, age, body temperature on admission, presence of seizures, and agitation or aggression in patients presenting to the Emergency Department with acute Recreational Drug toxicity. We also investigated the association with the substances ingested. METHODS All presentations to the 16 sentinel Euro-DEN centres in 10 European countries with acute Recreational Drug toxicity during the first year of the Euro-DEN study (October 2013 to September 2014) were considered. Cases that had abnormal CK activity recorded as part of routine clinical care were divided into 3 cohorts depending on peak CK activity. Cases with normal CK activity were included as a control group (4th cohort). RESULTS Only 1,015 (18.4%) of the 5,529 Euro-DEN presentations had CK activity concentration recorded. Of this group 353 (34.8%) had also creatinine concentration measured. There were 375 (36.9%) with minor rhabdomyolysis, 69 (6.8%) with moderate rhabdomyolysis, and 24 (2.4%) with severe rhabdomyolysis; 547 (53.9%) were included in the control group. There was a positive correlation between CK activity and creatinine concentration (correlation coefficient r = 0.71, p<0.0001). There was no correlation between CK activity and body temperature at the time of presentation to the ED (correlation coefficient r = 0.07, p = 0.03). There was a positive correlation between CK activity and length of stay in the hospital (r = 0.31, p<0.001). There was no association between CK activity and the presence of seizures (p = 0.33) or agitation/aggression (p = 0.45), patients age (p = 0.4) or sex (p = 0.25). The 5 most common agents amongst patients presenting with rhabdomyolysis were: cocaine (n = 107; 22.9% presentations), amphetamine (76; 16.2%), cannabis (74; 15.8%), GHB/GBL (72; 15.4%) and heroin (67; 14.3%). The distribution of rhabdomyolysis in 5 most common Drugs was (Drug; patients with rhabdomyolysis, patients without rhabdomyolysis): cocaine (107, 122), cannabis (74, 117), GHB/GBL (72, 81), amphetamine (76, 66), heroin (67, 70). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal values of CK activity occurred in almost half (46.1%) of presentations to the Emergency Department with acute Recreational Drug toxicity in whom CK activity was measured; however, severe rhabdomyolysis is seen in only a small minority (2.4%). Those with rhabdomyolysis are at significantly higher risk of kidney injury and have a longer length of hospital stay.
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seizures as a complication of Recreational Drug use analysis of the euro den plus data set
Neurotoxicology, 2019Co-Authors: Caitlin E Wolfe, David M. Wood, Fridtjof Heyerdahl, Knut Erik Hovda, Alison M Dines, Christopher Yates, Isabelle Giraudon, Benjamin P Whatley, Paul I. DarganAbstract:Seizures are a recognized and potentially serious complication of Recreational Drug use. This study examined a large international data set of presentations to Emergency Departments with acute Recreational Drug toxicity, the European Drug Emergencies Plus (Euro-DEN Plus) Network, to compare presentations with and without seizures and estimate incidence and associated Drugs. Amongst 23,947 presentations between January 2014 and December 2017, there were 1013 (4.2%) with reported seizures. Clinical and demographic features were similar between individuals who had a seizure and those who did not, although rates of coma, cardiac arrest, intubation, intensive care admission, and death were significantly higher in those with seizures. There was a significant association between specific Drugs and a higher seizure incidence, including fentanyl (odds ratio 2.63, 95% confidence interval 1.20-5.80), and synthetic cannabinoids (OR 2.90, 95% CI 2.19-3.84). Other Drugs were associated with a lower seizure incidence, including heroin (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35-0.61), clonazepam (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.91), and cannabis (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50-0.86). This substantiates observations that the synthetic cannabinoids as a group of novel psychoactive substances are clinically different in consequence of intoxication than cannabis, and that individuals who suffer a seizure in the context of Recreational Drug intoxication are likely to have worse outcomes overall. Utilising this information of what substances have a greater risk of seizures, could provide tailored harm reduction and education strategies to users to reduce the risk of seizures and their associated complications.
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A cloud on the horizon-a survey into the use of electronic vaping devices for Recreational Drug and new psychoactive substance (NPS) administration
QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians, 2017Co-Authors: M Blundell, Paul I. Dargan, David M. WoodAbstract:Background There is limited published scientific data on vaping Recreational Drugs other than cannabis. A recent review suggested that 15% of people vaping cannabis have also vaped a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) and identified over 300 Internet reports of e-liquid manufacture of Recreational Drugs and/or new psychoactive substances (NPS). Aim To determine the prevalence of use of electronic vaping devices for Recreational Drug and NPS delivery in the UK. Design A voluntary online survey using a convenience sample of UK adult participants (aged 16 years old and over) identified by a market research company. Methods Data was collected regarding demographics, smoking history, electronic vaping device history and Recreational Drug/NPS use and route of administration. Results There were 2501 respondents. The mean (±SD) age was 46.2 ± 16.8 years old. The commonest lifetime Recreational Drug used was Cannabis (818, 32.7%). The majority of respondents had smoked (1545, 61.8%) with 731 (29.2%) being current smokers. The most commonly used SCRA product was 'Spice Gold' (173, 6.9%) and SCRA compound was ADB-CHMICA (48, 1.9%). 861 (34.4%) had used an electronic vaping device; 340 (13.6%) having used them for Recreational Drug administration; 236 (9.4%) reporting current use. The commonest lifetime Recreational Drug to be vaped was cannabis (155, 65.7%), with electronic cigarettes (230, 48.2%) being the commonest reported route of SCRA compound administration. Conclusion 9.4% of respondents currently use electronic vaping devices for Recreational Drug administration with 6.2% reporting lifetime cannabis vaping use. Further larger scale studies are required to help inform the appropriate treatment and primary prevention strategies.
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a comparison of Recreational Drug use amongst sexual health clinic users in london with existing prevalence data
International Journal of Std & Aids, 2016Co-Authors: Natalie Thurtle, David M. Wood, Paul I. Dargan, Laura Hunter, Caitlyn Lovett, John WhiteAbstract:The objective was to give an overview of self-reported Recreational Drug use amongst attendees of sexual health clinics in London and compare this to existing datasets. Between December 2013 and March 2014, attendees of two sexual health clinics in London were surveyed. Data collected were: sexual history, smoking and alcohol and Recreational Drug use. Data were analysed using SPSS (version 21). A total of 1472 respondents were included; 778 (52.9%) men, 676 (45.9%) women and 3 (0.2%) transgender (15 [1.0%] did not answer). Mean age was 30.6 ± 9.0 years. A total of 339 (43.6%) men were men who have sex with men (MSM), and 18 (2.4%) women were women who have sex with women. Lifetime prevalence of use was: alcohol 94.1%; cannabis 48.5%; ‘poppers’ (volatile nitrites) 28.2%; cocaine 26.8% and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine pills 23.2%. Our population had higher current popper, methamphetamine and mephedrone use than the Crime Survey of England and Wales but lower use of cannabis, poppers and Viagra than t...
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psychosis associated with acute Recreational Drug toxicity a european case series
BMC Psychiatry, 2016Co-Authors: Odd Martin Vallersnes, David M. Wood, Paul I. Dargan, Fridtjof Heyerdahl, Knut Erik Hovda, Alison M Dines, Christopher Yates, Isabelle GiraudonAbstract:Psychosis can be associated with acute Recreational Drug and novel psychoactive substance (NPS) toxicity. However, there is limited data available on how common this is and which Drugs are most frequently implicated. We describe a European case series of psychosis associated with acute Recreational Drug toxicity, and estimate the frequency of psychosis for different Recreational Drugs. The European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN) collects data on presentations to Emergency Departments (EDs) with acute Recreational Drug and NPS toxicity at 16 centres in ten countries. Euro-DEN data from October 2013 through September 2014 was retrospectively searched, and cases with psychosis were included. The proportion of cases with psychosis per Drug was calculated in the searched Euro-DEN dataset. Psychosis was present in 348 (6.3%) of 5529 cases. The median (interquartile range) age was 29 (24-38) years, 276 (79.3%) were male and 114 (32.8%) were admitted to psychiatric ward. The Drugs most commonly reported were cannabis in 90 (25.9%) cases, amphetamine in 87 (25.0%) and cocaine in 56 (16.1%). More than one Drug was taken in 189 (54.3%) cases. Psychosis was frequent in those ED presentations involving tryptamines (4/7; 57.1%), methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) (6/22; 27.3%), methylphenidate (6/26; 23.1%), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (18/86; 20.9%), psilocybe mushrooms (3/16; 18.8%), synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (4/26; 15.4%) and amphetamine (87/593; 14.7%), but less common in those involving mephedrone (14/245; 5.7%), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (20/461; 4.3%) and methedrone (3/92; 3.3%). Amphetamine was the most frequent Drug associated with psychosis when only one agent was reported, with psychosis occurring in 32.4% of these presentations. The frequency of psychosis in acute Recreational Drug toxicity varies considerably between Drugs, but is a major problem in amphetamine poisoning. In rapidly changing Drug markets and patterns of use, the Euro-DEN sentinel network contributes to measuring the scale of Drug-related harms in Europe beyond other more established indicators.
Jakub Wojcieszak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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salvia divinorum from mazatec medicinal and hallucinogenic plant to emerging Recreational Drug
Human Psychopharmacology-clinical and Experimental, 2013Co-Authors: Jolanta B. Zawilska, Jakub WojcieszakAbstract:Salvia divinorum is a sage endemic to a small region of Mexico and has been traditionally used by the Mazatec Indians for divination and spiritual healing. Recently, it has gained increased popularity as a Recreational Drug, used by adolescents and young adults as an alternative to marijuana and LSD. Salvinorin A, the major active ingredient of the plant, is considered to be the most potent known hallucinogen of natural origin. This review surveys the current state of knowledge on the neurochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacological properties of salvinorin A, the trends and motivation behind S. divinorum use, and the health problems among users of the plant's products. S. divinorum induces intense, but short-lived, psychedelic-like changes in mood and perception, with concomitant hallucinations and disorientation. Many websites have misinterpreted the limited existing research-based information on the side effects of salvia as evidence for its safety. However, data accumulated over the last few years indicate that potential health risks are associated with the use of S. divinorum, especially by teenagers, users of other substances of abuse, and individuals with underlying psychotic disturbances. Taken together, the data presented in this review point to the need for further basic and clinical studies to create a basis for the development of well-addressed prevention and treatment strategies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Salvia divinorum: from Mazatec medicinal and hallucinogenic plant to emerging Recreational Drug
Human Psychopharmacology-clinical and Experimental, 2013Co-Authors: Jolanta B. Zawilska, Jakub WojcieszakAbstract:Salvia divinorum is a sage endemic to a small region of Mexico and has been traditionally used by the Mazatec Indians for divination and spiritual healing. Recently, it has gained increased popularity as a Recreational Drug, used by adolescents and young adults as an alternative to marijuana and LSD. Salvinorin A, the major active ingredient of the plant, is considered to be the most potent known hallucinogen of natural origin. This review surveys the current state of knowledge on the neurochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacological properties of salvinorin A, the trends and motivation behind S. divinorum use, and the health problems among users of the plant's products. S. divinorum induces intense, but short-lived, psychedelic-like changes in mood and perception, with concomitant hallucinations and disorientation. Many websites have misinterpreted the limited existing research-based information on the side effects of salvia as evidence for its safety. However, data accumulated over the last few years indicate that potential health risks are associated with the use of S. divinorum, especially by teenagers, users of other substances of abuse, and individuals with underlying psychotic disturbances. Taken together, the data presented in this review point to the need for further basic and clinical studies to create a basis for the development of well-addressed prevention and treatment strategies.
Noe Garin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence and clinical impact of Recreational Drug consumption in people living with HIV on treatment: a cross-sectional study.
BMJ open, 2017Co-Authors: Noe Garin, Beatriz Zurita, Cesar Velasco, Anna Feliu, Mar Gutierrez, Montserrat Masip, M Antonia ManguesAbstract:Drug interactions, poor adherence to medication and high-risk sexual behaviour may occur in individuals with HIV using Recreational Drugs. Thus, we aimed to assess the prevalence of Recreational Drugs use and to explore its clinical impact in HIV patients on treatment. Observational, cross sectional, study conducted in a 700 bed university hospital, Barcelona, Spain. A total of 208 adults living with HIV on treatment were included. A questionnaire was administered by clinical pharmacists, including evaluation of sociodemographic variables, past 12-month Drug consumption, adherence to antiretrovirals (Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire) and high-risk sexual behaviour (condomless sex/multiple partners). Additional data were obtained from clinical records. Recreational Drug-antiretroviral interactions were checked in reference databases. Prevalence was calculated for 5% precision and 95% CI. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regressions were performed to identify associations between Recreational Drug use and adherence problems, and between Recreational Drug use and high-risk sexual behaviour. From the overall sample, 92 participants (44.2%) consumed Recreational Drugs over the past 1 year. Of these, 44 (48.8%) had used different types of Recreational Drugs in this period. We detected 11 Recreational substances, including sildenafil and nitrites. The most consumed Drugs were: cannabis (68.5%), cocaine (45.5%), nitrites (31.5%), sildenafil (28.3) and ecstasy (19.6%). Relevant interactions occurred in 46 (50%) of the individuals consuming Drugs. Recreational Drug consumption was found to be related to adherence problems with antiretrovirals (OR: 2.51 (95% CI 1.32 to 4.77) p=0.005) and high-risk sexual behaviour (OR: 2.81 (95% CI 1.47 to 5.39) p=0.002). Recreational Drugs are frequently used by HIV patients on treatment. Classical Drugs and new substances consumed in sexual context are usual. Recreational Drug consumption interferes with several clinical outcomes, including potentially relevant interactions between Drugs and antiretrovirals, adherence problems and high-risk sexual behaviour. Thus, there is the urgent need of implementing patient-centred care involving Recreational Drug consumption. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
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prevalence and clinical impact of Recreational Drug consumption in people living with hiv on treatment a cross sectional study
BMJ Open, 2017Co-Authors: Noe Garin, Beatriz Zurita, Cesar Velasco, Anna Feliu, Mar Gutierrez, Montserrat Masip, Antonia M ManguesAbstract:Objectives Drug interactions, poor adherence to medication and high-risk sexual behaviour may occur in individuals with HIV using Recreational Drugs. Thus, we aimed to assess the prevalence of Recreational Drugs use and to explore its clinical impact in HIV patients on treatment. Methods Observational, cross sectional, study conducted in a 700 bed university hospital, Barcelona, Spain. A total of 208 adults living with HIV on treatment were included. A questionnaire was administered by clinical pharmacists, including evaluation of sociodemographic variables, past 12-month Drug consumption, adherence to antiretrovirals (Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire) and high-risk sexual behaviour (condomless sex/multiple partners). Additional data were obtained from clinical records. Recreational Drug-antiretroviral interactions were checked in reference databases. Prevalence was calculated for 5% precision and 95% CI. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regressions were performed to identify associations between Recreational Drug use and adherence problems, and between Recreational Drug use and high-risk sexual behaviour. Results From the overall sample, 92 participants (44.2%) consumed Recreational Drugs over the past 1 year. Of these, 44 (48.8%) had used different types of Recreational Drugs in this period. We detected 11 Recreational substances, including sildenafil and nitrites. The most consumed Drugs were: cannabis (68.5%), cocaine (45.5%), nitrites (31.5%), sildenafil (28.3) and ecstasy (19.6%). Relevant interactions occurred in 46 (50%) of the individuals consuming Drugs. Recreational Drug consumption was found to be related to adherence problems with antiretrovirals (OR: 2.51 (95% CI 1.32 to 4.77) p=0.005) and high-risk sexual behaviour (OR: 2.81 (95% CI 1.47 to 5.39) p=0.002). Conclusions Recreational Drugs are frequently used by HIV patients on treatment. Classical Drugs and new substances consumed in sexual context are usual. Recreational Drug consumption interferes with several clinical outcomes, including potentially relevant interactions between Drugs and antiretrovirals, adherence problems and high-risk sexual behaviour. Thus, there is the urgent need of implementing patient-centred care involving Recreational Drug consumption.
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Recreational Drug use among individuals living with HIV in Europe: review of the prevalence, comparison with the general population and HIV guidelines recommendations.
Frontiers in microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: Noe Garin, Cesar Velasco, Anna Feliu, Jan T De Pourcq, Belen Lopez, Maria Del Mar Gutierrez, Josep Maria Haro, Maria Antonia Mangues, Antoni TrillaAbstract:Adherence problems, interactions and higher rate of risk activities have been observed in HIV individuals using Recreational Drugs. Our aim was to describe Recreational Drug use in both HIV individuals and general population in Europe, and to assess at what extent HIV guidelines address this issue. Data on Recreational Drug use across Europe were obtained from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction for the general population, and through Pubmed search. for HIV patients. We assessed the incorporation of Recreational Drug issues in HIV treatment guidelines for the following topics: (a) Recreational Drugs; (b) adherence to antiretrovirals; (c) interactions; (d) transmission risk. Guidelines included: World Health Organization; European Aids Clinical Society; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; International Antiviral Society-USA; and seven European national guidelines. 29 countries reported Recreational Drug use in general population. The highest prevalences were observed for Cannabis (i.e., 8-10% in Spain, France, and Czech Republic) followed by cocaine, amphetamines and ecstasy. The 13 studies selected in the systematic review showed a great variability in Recreational Drug use on the HIV population. Apart from classical Recreational Drugs, we found a relevant use of new Drugs including sexual experience enhancers. PolyDrug consumption was about 50% in some studies. Most guidelines included general information about Recreational Drugs, showing great variability on the inclusion of the evaluated topics. We found more specific, evidence-based recommendations on interactions, followed by medication adherence and transmission risk. Available data on the people living with HIV suggest a higher use of Recreational Drugs than in the general population, which is already relevant. However, Recreational Drug issues should be included or addressed more thoroughly in most guidelines.
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Recreational Drug use among individuals living with hiv in europe review of the prevalence comparison with the general population and hiv guidelines recommendations
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: Noe Garin, Cesar Velasco, Jan T De Pourcq, Belen Lopez, Maria Del Mar Gutierrez, Josep Maria Haro, Anna FeliuAbstract:BACKGROUND Adherence problems, interactions and higher rate of risk activities have been observed in HIV individuals using Recreational Drugs. Our aim was to describe Recreational Drug use in both HIV individuals and general population in Europe, and to assess at what extent HIV guidelines address this issue. METHODS Data on Recreational Drug use across Europe were obtained from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction for the general population, and through Pubmed search. for HIV patients. We assessed the incorporation of Recreational Drug issues in HIV treatment guidelines for the following topics: a) Recreational Drugs; b) adherence to antiretrovirals; c) interactions; d) transmission risk. Guidelines included: World Health Organization; European Aids Clinical Society; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; International Antiviral Society-USA; and seven European national guidelines. RESULTS 29 countries reported Recreational Drug use in general population. The highest prevalences were observed for Cannabis (i.e. 8-10% in Spain, France and Czech Republic) followed by cocaine, amphetamines and ecstasy. The 13 studies selected in the systematic review showed a great variability in Recreational Drug use on the HIV population. Apart from classical Recreational Drugs, we found a relevant use of new Drugs including sexual experience enhancers. PolyDrug consumption was about 50% in some studies. Most guidelines included general information about Recreational Drugs, showing great variability on the inclusion of the evaluated topics. We found more specific, evidence-based recommendations on interactions, followed by medication adherence and transmission risk. CONCLUSIONS Available data on the people living with HIV suggest a higher use of Recreational Drugs than in the general population, which is already relevant. However, Recreational Drug issues should be included or addressed more thoroughly in most guidelines.
Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recreational Drug use among Nigerian university students: Prevalence, correlates and frequency of use.
PloS one, 2020Co-Authors: Anthony Idowu Ajayi, Oluwaseyi Dolapo SomefunAbstract:Given the paucity of data on Recreational Drug use and the recent media attention on the abuse of Drugs such as codeine cough syrups and tramadol, in Nigeria, our study examined the prevalence and frequency of Recreational Drug use among young adults from two Nigerian universities. We drew from the Socio-ecological Model to examine the influence of factors at the individual and family level on Recreational Drug use among adolescents and young adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March 2018 among a final sample of 784 male and female university students selected using stratified random sampling. Binary logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of ever use and current use of Drugs. Our analyses showed that 24.5% of students had ever used Drugs for Recreational purposes, and 17.5% are current users. The median Drug use frequency over the past month was six days among current users (n = 137). In the multivariable analyses, living in the same household as one's mother (AOR 0.28 95% CI 0.16-0.49), adequate family support (AOR 0.48 95% CI 0.26-0.89) and frequent attendance of religious fellowships (AOR 0.13 95% CI 0.07-0.25) were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of Recreational Drug use. However, male sex (AOR 1.52 95% CI 1.05-2.21) was associated with higher odds of Recreational Drug use. The family should be considered as an important unit to sensitize young people on the harmful effects of Drug use. It is also vital that religious leaders speak against Drug use in their various fellowships. There is a need to address Recreational Drug use on Nigerian campuses by educating students about its adverse impacts.
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Recreational Drug use among nigerian university students prevalence correlates and frequency of use
PLOS ONE, 2020Co-Authors: Anthony Idowu Ajayi, Oluwaseyi Dolapo SomefunAbstract:Background Given the paucity of data on Recreational Drug use and the recent media attention on the abuse of Drugs such as codeine cough syrups and tramadol, in Nigeria, our study examined the prevalence and frequency of Recreational Drug use among young adults from two Nigerian universities. We drew from the Socio-ecological Model to examine the influence of factors at the individual and family level on Recreational Drug use among adolescents and young adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March 2018 among a final sample of 784 male and female university students selected using stratified random sampling. Binary logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of ever use and current use of Drugs. Results Our analyses showed that 24.5% of students had ever used Drugs for Recreational purposes, and 17.5% are current users. The median Drug use frequency over the past month was six days among current users (n = 137). In the multivariable analyses, living in the same household as one's mother (AOR 0.28 95% CI 0.16–0.49), adequate family support (AOR 0.48 95% CI 0.26–0.89) and frequent attendance of religious fellowships (AOR 0.13 95% CI 0.07–0.25) were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of Recreational Drug use. However, male sex (AOR 1.52 95% CI 1.05–2.21) was associated with higher odds of Recreational Drug use. Conclusion The family should be considered as an important unit to sensitize young people on the harmful effects of Drug use. It is also vital that religious leaders speak against Drug use in their various fellowships. There is a need to address Recreational Drug use on Nigerian campuses by educating students about its adverse impacts.
