The Experts below are selected from a list of 6825 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gordon D A Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling item length effects in memory span no Rehearsal needed
Journal of Memory and Language, 1995Co-Authors: Gordon D A Brown, Charles HulmeAbstract:Abstract It is widely assumed that word length effects on memory span reflect the operation of subvocal Rehearsal, and that span will be the amount of material that can be rehearsed in a fixed time interval. However recent data question both these conclusions. Furthermore, the relevant models are often under-specified and it is not always clear what item length effects they predict. We report an implementation of a simple trace decay memory, without a Rehearsal Process. The model exhibits item length effects due to opposing effects of decay and redintegration, and lexicality effects that occur only during redintegration. Further simulations demonstrate that item length effects can also be obtained when forgetting is due to interference or imperfect trace registration instead of trace decay. It is concluded that many of the data that have hitherto been taken as evidence for subvocal Rehearsal can be explained in terms of simple models without Rehearsal.
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memory for familiar and unfamiliar words evidence for a long term memory contribution to short term memory span
Journal of Memory and Language, 1991Co-Authors: Charles Hulme, Sarah Maughan, Gordon D A BrownAbstract:Abstract Two experiments are described which demonstrate a long-term memory contribution to memory span. In the first experiment nonwords were used because they lack a long-term memory representation. Memory span was lower for nonwords than words and in both cases a linear function related recall to speech rate for items of differing spoken durations. The function for nonwords had an equivalent slope (interpreted as reflecting a contribution from a subvocal Rehearsal Process) but a lower intercept (interpreted as reflecting a contribution from a long-term memory component). The second experiment compared the spans for Italian and English words. The span was lower for Italian words than for English words, due to a depression in the intercept of the recall-speech rate function, but learning the English translations of these words increased subjects' memory span for them.
Charles Hulme - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling item length effects in memory span no Rehearsal needed
Journal of Memory and Language, 1995Co-Authors: Gordon D A Brown, Charles HulmeAbstract:Abstract It is widely assumed that word length effects on memory span reflect the operation of subvocal Rehearsal, and that span will be the amount of material that can be rehearsed in a fixed time interval. However recent data question both these conclusions. Furthermore, the relevant models are often under-specified and it is not always clear what item length effects they predict. We report an implementation of a simple trace decay memory, without a Rehearsal Process. The model exhibits item length effects due to opposing effects of decay and redintegration, and lexicality effects that occur only during redintegration. Further simulations demonstrate that item length effects can also be obtained when forgetting is due to interference or imperfect trace registration instead of trace decay. It is concluded that many of the data that have hitherto been taken as evidence for subvocal Rehearsal can be explained in terms of simple models without Rehearsal.
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memory for familiar and unfamiliar words evidence for a long term memory contribution to short term memory span
Journal of Memory and Language, 1991Co-Authors: Charles Hulme, Sarah Maughan, Gordon D A BrownAbstract:Abstract Two experiments are described which demonstrate a long-term memory contribution to memory span. In the first experiment nonwords were used because they lack a long-term memory representation. Memory span was lower for nonwords than words and in both cases a linear function related recall to speech rate for items of differing spoken durations. The function for nonwords had an equivalent slope (interpreted as reflecting a contribution from a subvocal Rehearsal Process) but a lower intercept (interpreted as reflecting a contribution from a long-term memory component). The second experiment compared the spans for Italian and English words. The span was lower for Italian words than for English words, due to a depression in the intercept of the recall-speech rate function, but learning the English translations of these words increased subjects' memory span for them.
R T Knight - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the functional neuroanatomy of working memory contributions of human brain lesion studies
Neuroscience, 2006Co-Authors: N G Muller, R T KnightAbstract:Abstract Studies of patients with focal brain lesions remain critical components of research programs attempting to understand human brain function. Whereas functional imaging typically reveals activity in distributed brain regions that are involved in a task, lesion studies can define which of these brain regions are necessary for a cognitive Process. Further, lesion studies are less critical regarding the selection of baseline conditions needed in functional brain imaging research. Lesion studies suggest a functional subdivision of the visuospatial sketchpad of working memory with a ventral stream reaching from occipital to temporal cortex supporting object recognition and a dorsal stream connecting the occipital with parietal cortex enabling spatial operations. The phonological loop can be divided into a phonological short-term store in inferior parietal cortex and an articulatory subvocal Rehearsal Process relying on brain areas necessary for speech production, i.e. Broca’s area, the supplementary motor association area and possibly the cerebellum. More uncertainty exists regarding the role of the prefrontal cortex in working memory. Whereas single cell studies in non-human primates and functional imaging studies in humans have suggested an extension of the ventral and dorsal path into different subregions of the prefrontal cortex, lesion studies together with recent single-cell and imaging studies point to a non-mnemonic role of the prefrontal cortex, including attentional control of sensory Processing, integration of information from different domains, stimulus selection and monitoring of information held in memory. Our own data argue against a modulatory view of the prefrontal cortex and suggest that Processes supporting working memory are distributed along ventral and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex.
Brian Macwhinney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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is the articulatory loop articulatory or auditory reexamining the effects of concurrent articulation on immediate serial recall
Journal of Memory and Language, 1995Co-Authors: Prahlad Gupta, Brian MacwhinneyAbstract:Abstract Results from the paradigm of immediate serial recall form the basis of the influential "articulatory loop" model of auditory-verbal short-term memory (Baddeley, 1986). Central to the development of these ideas have been results obtained in immediate serial recall under the condition of concurrent articulation . We reexamine the affects of concurrent articulation and show that findings from immediate serial recall do not uniquely support the articulatory Rehearsal hypothesis: the data can be accounted for by assuming a purely auditory Rehearsal Process. The question of whether the Rehearsal Process in fact has an "articulatory" component or is purely "auditory" has significance beyond the immediate domain of working memory, and makes contact with a number of important issues concerning phonological Processing. We describe a series of experiments aimed at discriminating between the two hypotheses. Our results support an articulatory component in Rehearsal, but also indicate that auditory interference plays a significant, but previously unrecognized, role in the concurrent articulation effect.
Alain Hiel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Duration estimation and the phonological loop: Articulatory suppression and irrelevant sounds
Psychological Research, 2006Co-Authors: Vicky Franssen, André Vandierendonck, Alain HielAbstract:Clock-based theories of time estimation propose that clock pulses are accumulated in working memory. Although these theories do not constrain the form of the memory trace, evidence reported in the literature suggests that active manipulation of a verbal trace may be involved. Four experiments are reported in which participants reproduced or verbally estimated short durations (up to a few seconds) either in a single-task condition or in a condition with a phonological load. Experiments 1, 2 and 4 showed that both interval reproduction and verbal estimation were impaired under concurrent articulatory suppression in comparison to a timing only control condition. Neither irrelevant speech (Experiments 1–3) nor irrelevant tones and music (Experiment 3) impaired timing performance. These findings are taken to show that time estimation is mediated by phonological working memory and the involvement of an active articulatory Rehearsal Process.