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Dietmar R Fries - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the importance of Religious Affiliation and culture on end of life decisions in european intensive care units
Intensive Care Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Charles L Sprung, Bara Ricou, Paulo Maia, Hanshenrik Bulow, Apostolos Armaganidis, Mario Baras, Elisabet Wennberg, Konrad Reinhart, S L Cohen, Dietmar R FriesAbstract:Objective To determine the influence of Religious Affiliation and culture on end-of-life decisions in European intensive care units (ICUs).
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the importance of Religious Affiliation and culture on end of life decisions in european intensive care units
Intensive Care Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Charles L Sprung, Bara Ricou, Paulo Maia, Hanshenrik Bulow, Apostolos Armaganidis, Mario Baras, Elisabet Wennberg, Konrad Reinhart, S L Cohen, Dietmar R FriesAbstract:To determine the influence of Religious Affiliation and culture on end-of-life decisions in European intensive care units (ICUs). A prospective, observational study of European ICUs was performed on consecutive patients with any limitation of therapy. Prospectively defined end-of-life practices in 37 ICUs in 17 European countries studied from 1 January 1999 to 30 June 2000 were compared for frequencies, patterns, timing, and communication by Religious Affiliation of physicians and patients and regions. Of the 31,417 patients 3,086 had limitations. Withholding occurred more often than withdrawing if the physician was Jewish (81%), Greek Orthodox (78%), or Moslem (63%). Withdrawing occurred more often for physicians who were Catholic (53%), Protestant (49%), or had no Religious Affiliation (47%). End-of-life decisions differed for physicians between regions and who had any Religious Affiliation vs. no Religious Affiliation in all three geographical regions. Median time from ICU admission to first limitation of therapy was 3.2 days but varied by Religious Affiliation; from 1.6 days for Protestant to 7.6 days for Greek Orthodox physicians. Median times from limitations to death also varied by physician's Religious Affiliation. Decisions were discussed with the families more often if the physician was Protestant (80%), Catholic (70%), had no Religious Affiliation (66%) or was Jewish (63%). Significant differences associated with Religious Affiliation and culture were observed for the type of end of life decision, the times to therapy limitation and death, and discussion of decisions with patient families.
Dermot Oreilly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does equality legislation reduce intergroup differences Religious Affiliation socio economic status and mortality in scotland and northern ireland a cohort study of 400 000 people
Health & Place, 2017Co-Authors: David M Wright, Chris Dibben, Michael Rosato, Gillian M Raab, Paul Boyle, Dermot OreillyAbstract:Religion frequently indicates membership of socio-ethnic groups with distinct health behaviours and mortality risk. Determining the extent to which interactions between groups contribute to variation in mortality is often challenging. We compared socio-economic status (SES) and mortality rates of Protestants and Catholics in Scotland and Northern Ireland, regions in which interactions between groups are profoundly different. Crucially, strong equality legislation has been in place for much longer and Catholics form a larger minority in Northern Ireland. Drawing linked Census returns and mortality records of 404,703 people from the Scottish and Northern Ireland Longitudinal Studies, we used Poisson regression to compare Religious groups, estimating mortality rates and incidence rate ratios. We fitted age-adjusted and fully adjusted (for education, housing tenure, car access and social class) models. Catholics had lower SES than Protestants in both countries; the differential was larger in Scotland for education, housing tenure and car access but not social class. In Scotland, Catholics had increased age-adjusted mortality risk relative to Protestants but variation among groups was attenuated following adjustment for SES. Those reporting no Religious Affiliation were at similar mortality risk to Protestants. In Northern Ireland, there was no mortality differential between Catholics and Protestants either before or after adjustment. Men reporting no Religious Affiliation were at increased mortality risk but this differential was not evident among women. In Scotland, Catholics remained at greater socio-economic disadvantage relative to Protestants than in Northern Ireland and were also at a mortality disadvantage. This may be due to a lack of explicit equality legislation that has decreased inequality by religion in Northern Ireland during recent decades.
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do differences in Religious Affiliation explain high levels of excess mortality in the uk
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2017Co-Authors: Kevin Ralston, David A Walsh, Zhiqiang Feng, Chris Dibben, Gerry Mccartney, Dermot OreillyAbstract:Background High levels of mortality not explained by differences in socioeconomic status (SES) have been observed for Scotland and its largest city, Glasgow, compared with elsewhere in the UK. Previous cross-sectional research highlighted potentially relevant differences in social capital, including Religious social capital (the benefits of social participation in organised religion). The aim of this study was to use longitudinal data to assess whether Religious Affiliation (as measured in UK censuses) attenuated the high levels of Scottish excess mortality. Methods The study used the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS) and the ONS Longitudinal Study of England and Wales. Risk of all-cause mortality (2001–2010) was compared between residents aged 35 and 74 years of Scotland and England and Wales, and between Glasgow and Liverpool/Manchester, using Poisson regression. Models adjusted for age, gender, SES and Religious Affiliation. Similar country-based analyses were undertaken for suicide. Results After adjustment for age, gender and SES, all-cause mortality was 9% higher in Scotland than in England and Wales, and 27% higher in Glasgow than in Liverpool or Manchester. Religious Affiliation was notably lower across Scotland; but, its inclusion in the models did not attenuate the level of Scottish excess all-cause mortality, and only marginally lowered the differences in risk of suicide. Conclusions Differences in Religious Affiliation do not explain the higher mortality rates in Scotland compared with the rest of the UK. However, it is possible that other aspects of religion such as religiosity or Religious participation which were not assessed here may still be important.
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Religious Affiliation and mortality in northern ireland beyond catholic and protestant
Social Science & Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Dermot Oreilly, Michael RosatoAbstract:There has been little recent research in Europe exploring the relationship between religion and health. In Northern Ireland previous analysis has tended to divide the population dichotomously as Catholic and Protestant, ignoring the diversity inherent in the Protestant community. This study used a census-based longitudinal study of the enumerated population with five-years follow-up (covering the period 2001-2006) to examine variation in overall and cause-specific mortality by Religious Affiliation within Northern Ireland. Six groups were defined: Catholics; Presbyterians; Church of Ireland; Methodists; Other (mostly fundamentalist) Christians; and 'Other/not-stated'. Catholics had higher mortality than non-Catholics, though this disappeared after adjustment for socio-economic status. Church of Ireland members had the highest overall mortality in the fully adjusted models, due to their higher risk of cardiovascular disease. 'Other Christians' had lowest all-cause mortality and particularly low mortality from alcohol-related deaths and lung cancer. These findings point to an association between Religious Affiliation, behaviour and lifestyle suggesting that, even in relatively secular societies, it is a population attribute that should be given more consideration in studies of population health.
Charles L Sprung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the importance of Religious Affiliation and culture on end of life decisions in european intensive care units
Intensive Care Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Charles L Sprung, Bara Ricou, Paulo Maia, Hanshenrik Bulow, Apostolos Armaganidis, Mario Baras, Elisabet Wennberg, Konrad Reinhart, S L Cohen, Dietmar R FriesAbstract:Objective To determine the influence of Religious Affiliation and culture on end-of-life decisions in European intensive care units (ICUs).
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the importance of Religious Affiliation and culture on end of life decisions in european intensive care units
Intensive Care Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Charles L Sprung, Bara Ricou, Paulo Maia, Hanshenrik Bulow, Apostolos Armaganidis, Mario Baras, Elisabet Wennberg, Konrad Reinhart, S L Cohen, Dietmar R FriesAbstract:To determine the influence of Religious Affiliation and culture on end-of-life decisions in European intensive care units (ICUs). A prospective, observational study of European ICUs was performed on consecutive patients with any limitation of therapy. Prospectively defined end-of-life practices in 37 ICUs in 17 European countries studied from 1 January 1999 to 30 June 2000 were compared for frequencies, patterns, timing, and communication by Religious Affiliation of physicians and patients and regions. Of the 31,417 patients 3,086 had limitations. Withholding occurred more often than withdrawing if the physician was Jewish (81%), Greek Orthodox (78%), or Moslem (63%). Withdrawing occurred more often for physicians who were Catholic (53%), Protestant (49%), or had no Religious Affiliation (47%). End-of-life decisions differed for physicians between regions and who had any Religious Affiliation vs. no Religious Affiliation in all three geographical regions. Median time from ICU admission to first limitation of therapy was 3.2 days but varied by Religious Affiliation; from 1.6 days for Protestant to 7.6 days for Greek Orthodox physicians. Median times from limitations to death also varied by physician's Religious Affiliation. Decisions were discussed with the families more often if the physician was Protestant (80%), Catholic (70%), had no Religious Affiliation (66%) or was Jewish (63%). Significant differences associated with Religious Affiliation and culture were observed for the type of end of life decision, the times to therapy limitation and death, and discussion of decisions with patient families.
Harold G. Koenig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Religious Affiliation and suicidality among college students in china a cross sectional study across six provinces
PLOS ONE, 2021Co-Authors: Bob Lew, Harold G. Koenig, Kairi Kolves, Jie Zhang, Wang Zhizhong, Paul S F Yip, Mansor Abu Talib, Augustine OsmanAbstract:Background Several past studies indicated that Religious beliefs, orientation, and practice are protective of suicide. Findings from recent studies in China suggest that religiosity may contribute to increased suicidality. However, few studies have examined the associations between Religious Affiliation across different faiths and suicidality in China. Objective The current study examines the association between Religious Affiliation and suicidality among college students in six provinces in China. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 11,407 college students from six universities in Ningxia, Shandong, Shanghai, Jilin, Qinghai, and Shaanxi. We collected the data between October 2017 and March 2018 using self-report questionnaires. They included self-report measures of depression, psychache, hopelessness, self-esteem, social support, and life purpose. Results Participants with a Christian Affiliation had 1.5 times (95% CI: 1.14, 1.99, p = 0.004) higher odds of indicating an elevated suicide risk, 3.1 times (95% CI: 1.90, 5.04, p<0.001) higher odds of indicating a previous suicide attempt, and increased overall suicidality (B = 0.105, p < 0.001) after accounting for demographic and risk/protective factors. Christians also scored the highest in depression, psychache, hopelessness, and the lowest social support, self-esteem, and purpose in life. Muslims reported decreased suicidality (B = -0.034, p = 0.031). Buddhism/Daoism yielded non-significant results in the multivariate analyses. Conclusions Christian college students reported increased suicidality levels, perhaps due to public policies on religion. The decreased suicidality levels among Muslims may be attributed to higher perceived social support. The associations between Religious Affiliation and suicidality, depression, and hopelessness contrast sharply with US samples. This finding may be influenced by interactions between the Religious denomination, individual, and social/political factors. This conclusion includes the possibility of anti-Religious discrimination, which this paper did not investigate as a possible mediator and therefore remains a conjecture worthy of future investigation.
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does Religious Affiliation protect people s well being evidence from the great recession after correcting for selection effects
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 2020Co-Authors: Christos Makridis, Harold G. Koenig, Byron R JohnsonAbstract:This paper investigates the effect of Religious Affiliation on individual well-being. Using Gallup’s U.S. Daily Poll between 2008 and 2017, we find that those who are engaged in their local church and view their faith as important to their lives have not only higher levels of subjective well-being (SWB), but also acyclical levels. We show that the acyclicality of SWB among Christians is not driven by selection effects or the presence of greater social capital, but rather a sense of purpose over the business cycle independent of financial circumstances.
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to heal and restore broken bodies a retrospective descriptive study of the role and impact of pastoral care in the treatment of patients with burn injury
Annals of Plastic Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Charles Scott Hultman, Michael A Saou, Tanner S Roach, Suzanne Cloyd Hultman, Bruce A Cairns, Shirley Massey, Harold G. KoenigAbstract:Despite advances in resuscitation, resurfacing, and reconstruction, recovery in burn patients often depends upon emotional, psychosocial, and spiritual healing. We characterized the spiritual needs of burn patients to help identify resources necessary to optimize recovery. We performed a retrospective review of all patients admitted to a regional, accredited burn center, in 2011. We accessed multiple clinical, financial, and administrative databases, collected demographic data, including Religious Affiliation, and recorded the number and type of pastoral care visits. Outcome measures included length of stay (LOS), physician and facility charges, and mortality. We compared patients who had a pastoral care visit with those who did not, as well as patients with a Religious Affiliation with those who had no or an unknown Affiliation. During the study period, our burn center admitted 1338 patients, 314 of whom were visited by chaplains, for a total of 1077 encounters (3.43 visits per patient seen). Most frequent interventions were prayer, social support, and spiritual counseling. Compared to patients who had no visit, patients who saw a chaplain had a larger total body surface area burn, longer LOS, higher charges, and higher mortality (10.2% vs. 0.78%, P < 0.001). Patients who had a Religious Affiliation had slightly lower mortality than patients with unknown or no Religious Affiliation (0.87% vs. 3.19%), but this did not reach statistical significance. In burn patients, utilization of pastoral care appears to be linked to size of burn, financial charges, and length of stay, with Religious Affiliation serving as a possible marker for improved survival. Plastic surgeons and burn providers should consider and address the spiritual needs of burn patients, as a component of recovery.
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use of hospital services Religious attendance and Religious Affiliation
Southern Medical Journal, 1998Co-Authors: Harold G. Koenig, David B LarsonAbstract:Background We examined the relationship between Religious attendance, Religious Affiliation, and use of acute hospital services by older medical patients. Methods Religious Affiliation (n = 542) and church attendance (n = 455) were examined in a consecutive sample of medical patients aged 60 or older admitted to Duke University Medical Center. Information on use of acute hospital services during the year before admission and length of the current hospital stay was collected. Frequency of church attendance and Religious Affiliation were examined as predictors of hospital service use, controlling for age, sex, race, education, social support, depressive symptoms, physical functioning, and severity of medical illness as covariates using logistic regression. Results Patients who attended church weekly or more often were significantly less likely in the previous year to have been admitted to the hospital, had fewer hospital admissions, and spent fewer days in the hospital than those attending less often; these associations retained their significance after controlling for covariates. Patients unaffiliated with a Religious community, while not using more acute hospital services in the year before admission, had significantly longer index hospital stays than those affiliated. Unaffiliated patients spent an average of 25 days in the hospital, compared with 11 days for affiliated patients; this association strengthened when physical health and other covariates were controlled. Conclusions Participation in and Affiliation with a Religious community is associated with lower use of hospital services by medically ill older adults, a population of high users of health care services. Possible reasons for this association and its implications are discussed.
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Religious Affiliation and psychiatric disorder among protestant baby boomers
Hospital and community psychiatry, 1994Co-Authors: Harold G. Koenig, Linda K George, Keith G Meador, Dan G Blazer, Peter B DyckAbstract:Objective: The authors examined the relationship between Religious Affiliation and psychiatric disorder among Protestant members of the baby-boom generation (those born between 1945 and 1966) who resided in the Piedmont area of North Carolina. Methods: Data were obtained on six-month and lifetime rates of major psychiatric disorders among 853 Protestant baby boomers during wave II of the National Institute of Mental Health's Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey, conducted in 1983-1984. Participants were grouped into three categories based on Religious Affiliation: mainline Protestants, conservative Protestants, and Pentecostals. Rates of disorder were compared across denominational groups, controlling for sex, race, physical health status, and socioeconomic status and stratifying by frequency of church attendance. The analyses were repeated for 1,826 middle-aged and older Protestants born between 1889 and 1944, and the results were compared with the findings for baby boomers. Results: Among the baby boomer...
Michael Rosato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does equality legislation reduce intergroup differences Religious Affiliation socio economic status and mortality in scotland and northern ireland a cohort study of 400 000 people
Health & Place, 2017Co-Authors: David M Wright, Chris Dibben, Michael Rosato, Gillian M Raab, Paul Boyle, Dermot OreillyAbstract:Religion frequently indicates membership of socio-ethnic groups with distinct health behaviours and mortality risk. Determining the extent to which interactions between groups contribute to variation in mortality is often challenging. We compared socio-economic status (SES) and mortality rates of Protestants and Catholics in Scotland and Northern Ireland, regions in which interactions between groups are profoundly different. Crucially, strong equality legislation has been in place for much longer and Catholics form a larger minority in Northern Ireland. Drawing linked Census returns and mortality records of 404,703 people from the Scottish and Northern Ireland Longitudinal Studies, we used Poisson regression to compare Religious groups, estimating mortality rates and incidence rate ratios. We fitted age-adjusted and fully adjusted (for education, housing tenure, car access and social class) models. Catholics had lower SES than Protestants in both countries; the differential was larger in Scotland for education, housing tenure and car access but not social class. In Scotland, Catholics had increased age-adjusted mortality risk relative to Protestants but variation among groups was attenuated following adjustment for SES. Those reporting no Religious Affiliation were at similar mortality risk to Protestants. In Northern Ireland, there was no mortality differential between Catholics and Protestants either before or after adjustment. Men reporting no Religious Affiliation were at increased mortality risk but this differential was not evident among women. In Scotland, Catholics remained at greater socio-economic disadvantage relative to Protestants than in Northern Ireland and were also at a mortality disadvantage. This may be due to a lack of explicit equality legislation that has decreased inequality by religion in Northern Ireland during recent decades.
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Religious Affiliation and mortality in northern ireland beyond catholic and protestant
Social Science & Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Dermot Oreilly, Michael RosatoAbstract:There has been little recent research in Europe exploring the relationship between religion and health. In Northern Ireland previous analysis has tended to divide the population dichotomously as Catholic and Protestant, ignoring the diversity inherent in the Protestant community. This study used a census-based longitudinal study of the enumerated population with five-years follow-up (covering the period 2001-2006) to examine variation in overall and cause-specific mortality by Religious Affiliation within Northern Ireland. Six groups were defined: Catholics; Presbyterians; Church of Ireland; Methodists; Other (mostly fundamentalist) Christians; and 'Other/not-stated'. Catholics had higher mortality than non-Catholics, though this disappeared after adjustment for socio-economic status. Church of Ireland members had the highest overall mortality in the fully adjusted models, due to their higher risk of cardiovascular disease. 'Other Christians' had lowest all-cause mortality and particularly low mortality from alcohol-related deaths and lung cancer. These findings point to an association between Religious Affiliation, behaviour and lifestyle suggesting that, even in relatively secular societies, it is a population attribute that should be given more consideration in studies of population health.
