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Amit Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Techno-Economic Assessment of Renewable Diesel and Gasoline Production from Aspen Hardwood
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2019Co-Authors: Madhumita Patel, Amit Kumar, Adetoyese Olajire Oyedun, Rajender GuptaAbstract:In this study, we developed a techno-economic model to estimate the production cost of Renewable Diesel and gasoline from aspen woodchips through fast pyrolysis-based bio-oil and its subsequent hydroprocessing. The whole pathway includes the conversion of woodchip biomass to bio-oil through fast pyrolysis followed by upgrading to transportation fuels via hydroprocessing. Experiments were carried out to develop for the process model. This detailed process and techno-economic study was done based on 2000 dry t day^−1 aspen woodchips (base case capacity), from which we estimated the cost to produce Renewable Diesel and gasoline. For this base case, using the present method, 148.81 ML year^−1 of Renewable Diesel and 99.21 ML year^−1 of gasoline using merchant hydrogen can be produced. The production costs of Renewable Diesel and gasoline for 2000 t day^−1 are 1.09 and 1.04$ L^−1, respectively. We also studied the effect of changing the scale of the facility from 500 to 5000 t day^−1 on the production costs of Renewable Diesel and gasoline. The economic optimum plant size (the capacity at which fuel production cost is lowest) was determined to be 3000 t day^−1. Finally, we carried out sensitivity and uncertainty analyses for the base case and determined that production cost is most sensitive to bio-oil yield and internal rate of return (IRR).
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what is the production cost of Renewable Diesel from woody biomass and agricultural residue based on experimentation a comparative assessment
Fuel Processing Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Madhumita Patel, Amit Kumar, Adetoyese Olajire Oyedun, Rajender GuptaAbstract:Abstract This study explores the technical and economic potential of three Canadian biomass feedstocks (spruce, corn stover and wheat straw) to replace petro-Diesel through the production of Renewable Diesel and gasoline via fast pyrolysis and hydroprocessing. A detailed data-intensive process and cost model for a 2000 dry t d−1 plant capacity for two scenarios (hydrogen production and hydrogen purchase) was developed using both experimental and published data. The authors analyzed the quality and quantity of bio-oil, which acts as an intermediate for Renewable Diesel, by performing fast pyrolysis experiments in a lab -scale fluidized bed reactor at temperatures of 400–520 °C and three particle size distributions. The production costs of Renewable Diesel are 0.98 $ L−1,1.11 $ L−1, 1.19 $ L−1, and 1.27 $ L−1 for the spruce hydrogen purchase, spruce hydrogen production, corn stover hydrogen production, and wheat straw hydrogen production scenarios, respectively. The net energy ratios (NERs) of the process, which is the ratio of the energy content of the output product to fossil fuel inputs, were calculated to be 2.16, 1.5, and 1.16 for spruce, corn stover, and wheat straw, respectively. The effects of byproduct selling price on Renewable Diesel cost were also investigated. As the results suggest, the yields of Renewable Diesel and gasoline depend on the amount of bio-oil produced through fast pyrolysis followed by the properties of biomass. From the sensitivity analysis, it is concluded that the cost of transportation fuel is most sensitive to bio-oil yield. As the NER for all three feedstocks is more than 1, it can be said that fast pyrolysis and hydroprocessing technology is energy sustainable. Finally, this pathway could be competitive with conventional transportation fuels if the revenue from the biochar can be generated.
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Life cycle assessment of Renewable Diesel production from lignocellulosic biomass
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2016Co-Authors: Alain Wong, Hao Zhang, Amit KumarAbstract:Purpose Governments around the world encourage the use of biofuels through fuel standard policies that require the addition of Renewable Diesel in Diesel fuel from fossil fuels. Environmental impact studies of the conversion of biomass to Renewable Diesel have been conducted, and life cycle assessments (LCA) of the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to hydrogenation-derived Renewable Diesel (HDRD) are limited, especially for countries with cold climates like Canada. Methods In this study, an LCA was conducted on converting lignocellulosic biomass to HDRD by estimating the well-to-wheel greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil fuel energy input of the production of biomass and its conversion to HDRD. The approach to conduct this LCA includes defining the goal and scope, compiling a life cycle inventory, conducting a life cycle impact assessment, and executing a life cycle interpretation. All GHG emissions and fossil fuel energy inputs were based on a fast pyrolysis plant capacity of 2000 dry tonnes biomass/day. A functional unit of 1 MJ of HDRD produced was adopted as a common unit for data inputs of the life cycle inventory. To interpret the results, a sensitivity analysis was performed to measure the impact of variables involved, and an uncertainty analysis was performed to assess the confidence of the results. Results and discussion The GHG emissions of three feedstocks studied—whole tree (i.e., chips from cutting the whole tree), forest residues (i.e., chips from branches and tops generated from logging operations), and agricultural residues (i.e., straw from wheat and barley)—range from 35.4 to 42.3 g CO_2,eq/MJ of HDRD (i.e., lowest for agricultural residue- and highest for forest residue-based HDRD); this is 53.4–61.1 % lower than fossil-based Diesel. The net energy ratios range from 1.55 to 1.90 MJ/MJ (i.e., lowest for forest residue- and highest for agricultural residue-based HDRD) for HDRD production. The difference in results among feedstocks is due to differing energy requirements to harvest and pretreat biomass. The energy-intensive hydroprocessing stage is responsible for most of the GHG emissions produced for the entire conversion pathway. Conclusions Comparing feedstocks showed the significance of the efficiency in the equipment used and the physical properties of biomass in the production of HDRD. The overall results show the importance of efficiency at the hydroprocessing stage. These findings indicate significant GHG mitigation benefits for the oil refining industry using available lignocellulosic biomass to produce HDRD for transportation fuel.
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Life cycle water footprint of hydrogenation-derived Renewable Diesel production from lignocellulosic biomass
Water Research, 2016Co-Authors: Alain Wong, Hao Zhang, Amit KumarAbstract:The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel requires water. This study is focused on the production of hydrogenation-derived Renewable Diesel (HDRD) from lignocellulosic biomass. Although there has been considerable focus on the assessment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, there is limited work on the assessment of the life cycle water footprint of HDRD production. This paper presents a life cycle water consumption study on lignocellulosic biomass to HDRD via pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) processes. The results of this study show that whole tree (i.e., tree chips) biomass has water requirements of 497.79 L/MJ HDRD and 376.16 L/MJ HDRD for production through fast pyrolysis and the HTL process, respectively. Forest residues (i.e., chips from branches and tops generated during logging operations) have water requirements of 338.58 L/MJ HDRD and 255.85 L/MJ HDRD for production through fast pyrolysis and the HTL process, respectively. Agricultural residues (i.e., straw from wheat, oats, and barley), which are more water efficient, have water requirements of 83.7 L/MJ HDRD and 59.1 L/MJ HDRD through fast pyrolysis and the HTL process, respectively. Differences in water use between feedstocks and conversion processes indicate that the choices of biomass feedstock and conversion pathway water efficiency are crucial factors affecting water use efficiency of HDRD production.
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production of Renewable Diesel through the hydroprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass derived bio oil a review
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Madhumita Patel, Amit KumarAbstract:Due to the scarcity of fossil fuels and to population increases, there is an urgent need for Renewable energy sources that can replace petroleum-derived fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass, a Renewable resource, can be converted to bio-oil by fast pyrolysis and further upgraded to Renewable Diesel through hydroprocessing. The upgrading of oil by fast pyrolysis is the main focus of this paper. Bio-oil has a higher energy density and heating value than biomass, but it cannot be used in place of petro-Diesel as it is highly unstable, polar, and immiscible with hydrocarbons. Thus upgrading is necessary as it removes oxygen-containing compounds from bio-oil. Hydroprocessing was chosen for this review paper as the method of upgrading bio-oil because there are hydrotreating units in place in refineries. To upgrade bio-oil, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) in the presence of both a catalyst and hydrogen can replace hydrodesulfurization (the removal of sulfur compounds from crude oil). A sulfided NiMo/CoMo catalyst supported on gamma alumina is used as a benchmark catalyst for a hydrodesulfurization reaction in refineries and is considered the reference catalyst for HDO in the production of Renewable Diesel. The properties of Renewable Diesel made through hydroprocessing are similar to those of petro-Diesel. Catalyst deactivation and techno-economic assessments of the whole pathway are areas that need more attention before Renewable Diesel can be commercialized. This review paper concentrates on the reaction mechanism in bio-oil upgrading, process parameters, and the limitations of hydroprocessing technology. This paper will be helpful for further modeling of techno-economic analysis in Renewable Diesel production from lignocellulosic biomass.
Madhumita Patel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Techno-Economic Assessment of Renewable Diesel and Gasoline Production from Aspen Hardwood
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2019Co-Authors: Madhumita Patel, Amit Kumar, Adetoyese Olajire Oyedun, Rajender GuptaAbstract:In this study, we developed a techno-economic model to estimate the production cost of Renewable Diesel and gasoline from aspen woodchips through fast pyrolysis-based bio-oil and its subsequent hydroprocessing. The whole pathway includes the conversion of woodchip biomass to bio-oil through fast pyrolysis followed by upgrading to transportation fuels via hydroprocessing. Experiments were carried out to develop for the process model. This detailed process and techno-economic study was done based on 2000 dry t day^−1 aspen woodchips (base case capacity), from which we estimated the cost to produce Renewable Diesel and gasoline. For this base case, using the present method, 148.81 ML year^−1 of Renewable Diesel and 99.21 ML year^−1 of gasoline using merchant hydrogen can be produced. The production costs of Renewable Diesel and gasoline for 2000 t day^−1 are 1.09 and 1.04$ L^−1, respectively. We also studied the effect of changing the scale of the facility from 500 to 5000 t day^−1 on the production costs of Renewable Diesel and gasoline. The economic optimum plant size (the capacity at which fuel production cost is lowest) was determined to be 3000 t day^−1. Finally, we carried out sensitivity and uncertainty analyses for the base case and determined that production cost is most sensitive to bio-oil yield and internal rate of return (IRR).
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what is the production cost of Renewable Diesel from woody biomass and agricultural residue based on experimentation a comparative assessment
Fuel Processing Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Madhumita Patel, Amit Kumar, Adetoyese Olajire Oyedun, Rajender GuptaAbstract:Abstract This study explores the technical and economic potential of three Canadian biomass feedstocks (spruce, corn stover and wheat straw) to replace petro-Diesel through the production of Renewable Diesel and gasoline via fast pyrolysis and hydroprocessing. A detailed data-intensive process and cost model for a 2000 dry t d−1 plant capacity for two scenarios (hydrogen production and hydrogen purchase) was developed using both experimental and published data. The authors analyzed the quality and quantity of bio-oil, which acts as an intermediate for Renewable Diesel, by performing fast pyrolysis experiments in a lab -scale fluidized bed reactor at temperatures of 400–520 °C and three particle size distributions. The production costs of Renewable Diesel are 0.98 $ L−1,1.11 $ L−1, 1.19 $ L−1, and 1.27 $ L−1 for the spruce hydrogen purchase, spruce hydrogen production, corn stover hydrogen production, and wheat straw hydrogen production scenarios, respectively. The net energy ratios (NERs) of the process, which is the ratio of the energy content of the output product to fossil fuel inputs, were calculated to be 2.16, 1.5, and 1.16 for spruce, corn stover, and wheat straw, respectively. The effects of byproduct selling price on Renewable Diesel cost were also investigated. As the results suggest, the yields of Renewable Diesel and gasoline depend on the amount of bio-oil produced through fast pyrolysis followed by the properties of biomass. From the sensitivity analysis, it is concluded that the cost of transportation fuel is most sensitive to bio-oil yield. As the NER for all three feedstocks is more than 1, it can be said that fast pyrolysis and hydroprocessing technology is energy sustainable. Finally, this pathway could be competitive with conventional transportation fuels if the revenue from the biochar can be generated.
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production of Renewable Diesel through the hydroprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass derived bio oil a review
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Madhumita Patel, Amit KumarAbstract:Due to the scarcity of fossil fuels and to population increases, there is an urgent need for Renewable energy sources that can replace petroleum-derived fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass, a Renewable resource, can be converted to bio-oil by fast pyrolysis and further upgraded to Renewable Diesel through hydroprocessing. The upgrading of oil by fast pyrolysis is the main focus of this paper. Bio-oil has a higher energy density and heating value than biomass, but it cannot be used in place of petro-Diesel as it is highly unstable, polar, and immiscible with hydrocarbons. Thus upgrading is necessary as it removes oxygen-containing compounds from bio-oil. Hydroprocessing was chosen for this review paper as the method of upgrading bio-oil because there are hydrotreating units in place in refineries. To upgrade bio-oil, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) in the presence of both a catalyst and hydrogen can replace hydrodesulfurization (the removal of sulfur compounds from crude oil). A sulfided NiMo/CoMo catalyst supported on gamma alumina is used as a benchmark catalyst for a hydrodesulfurization reaction in refineries and is considered the reference catalyst for HDO in the production of Renewable Diesel. The properties of Renewable Diesel made through hydroprocessing are similar to those of petro-Diesel. Catalyst deactivation and techno-economic assessments of the whole pathway are areas that need more attention before Renewable Diesel can be commercialized. This review paper concentrates on the reaction mechanism in bio-oil upgrading, process parameters, and the limitations of hydroprocessing technology. This paper will be helpful for further modeling of techno-economic analysis in Renewable Diesel production from lignocellulosic biomass.
Derek J Price - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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more unsaturated cooking type hydrocarbon like organic aerosol particle emissions from Renewable Diesel compared to ultra low sulfur Diesel in at sea operations of a research vessel
Aerosol Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Derek J Price, Chiali Chen, Lynn M Russell, Maryam A Lamjiri, Raghu Betha, Kevin J Sanchez, David R CockerAbstract:ABSTRACTThe aerosol particle emissions from R/V Robert Gordon Sproul were measured during two 5-day research cruises (29 September–3 October 2014; 4–7 and 26–28 September 2015) at four engine speeds (1600 rpm, 1300 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 700 rpm) to characterize the emissions under different engine conditions for ultra low sulfur Diesel (ULSD) and hydrogenation derived Renewable Diesel (HDRD) fuels. Organic aerosol composition and mass distribution were measured on the aft deck of the vessel directly behind the exhaust stack to intercept the ship plume. The ship emissions for both fuels were composed of alkane-like compounds (H/C = 1.94 ± 0.003, O/C = 0.04 ± 0.001, CnH2n) with mass spectral fragmentation patterns consistent with hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA). Single-particle mass spectra from emissions for both fuels showed two distinct HOA compositions, with one HOA type containing more saturated alkane fragments (CnH2n+1) and the other HOA type containing more monounsaturated fragments (CnH2n−1). T...
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Hydroxyl radical formation and soluble trace metal content in particulate matter from Renewable Diesel and ultra low sulfur Diesel in at-sea operations of a research vessel
Aerosol Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaobi M. Kuang, Derek J Price, Lynn M Russell, Raghu Betha, David R Cocker, John A. Scott, Gisele O. Da Rocha, Suzanne E. PaulsonAbstract:ABSTRACTReactive oxygen species, including hydroxyl radicals generated by particles, play a role in both aerosol aging and PM2.5 mediated health effects. We assess the impacts of switching marine vessels from conventional Diesel to Renewable fuel on the ability of particles to generate hydroxyl radical when extracted in a simulated lung lining fluid or in water at pH 3.5, for samples of engine emissions from a research vessel when operating on ultra-low sulfur Diesel (ULSD) and hydrogenation-derived Renewable Diesel (HDRD). Samples were collected during dedicated cruises in 2014 and 2015, including aged samples collected by re-intercepting the ship plume. After normalizing to particle mass, particles generated from HDRD combustion had slightly to significantly (5–50%) higher OH generation activity than those from ULSD, a difference that was statistically significant for some permutations of year/fuel/engine speed. Water soluble trace metal concentrations and fuel metal concentrations were similar, and com...
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lower nox but higher particle and black carbon emissions from Renewable Diesel compared to ultra low sulfur Diesel in at sea operations of a research vessel
Aerosol Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Raghu Betha, Derek J Price, Chiali Chen, Lynn M Russell, Maryam A Lamjiri, Kevin J Sanchez, Xiaobi M. Kuang, Gisele O. Da Rocha, Suzanne E. Paulson, Wayne J MillerAbstract:ABSTRACTGas and particle emissions from R/V Robert Gordon Sproul were measured for ultra low sulfur Diesel (ULSD) and hydrogenation derived Renewable Diesel (HDRD) during dedicated aerosol measurement cruises in 2014 (29 September–3 October) and 2015 (4–7 and 26–28 September). CO, CO2, and NOX were measured directly from the starboard stack from the 2-stroke, small bore, high speed engine, while number and mass size distributions for both particles and black carbon (BC) were measured by intercepting the ship plume. Measurements at constant engine speeds (1600 rpm, 1300 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 700 rpm) had emission factors of CO () and NOX that were lower by 20% and 13%, respectively, for HDRD compared to ULSD at 700 rpm. However, at 1600 rpm, and were within one standard deviation for both ULSD (: 4.0 ± 0.1 g [kg-fuel]−1; : 51 ± 0.8 g [kg-fuel]−1) and HDRD (: 3.9 ± 0.2 g [kg-fuel]−1; : 51 ± 2 g [kg-fuel]−1). HDRD emission factors of particle number and mass concentrations were higher than ULSD by 46% to 107% a...
Raghu Betha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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more unsaturated cooking type hydrocarbon like organic aerosol particle emissions from Renewable Diesel compared to ultra low sulfur Diesel in at sea operations of a research vessel
Aerosol Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Derek J Price, Chiali Chen, Lynn M Russell, Maryam A Lamjiri, Raghu Betha, Kevin J Sanchez, David R CockerAbstract:ABSTRACTThe aerosol particle emissions from R/V Robert Gordon Sproul were measured during two 5-day research cruises (29 September–3 October 2014; 4–7 and 26–28 September 2015) at four engine speeds (1600 rpm, 1300 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 700 rpm) to characterize the emissions under different engine conditions for ultra low sulfur Diesel (ULSD) and hydrogenation derived Renewable Diesel (HDRD) fuels. Organic aerosol composition and mass distribution were measured on the aft deck of the vessel directly behind the exhaust stack to intercept the ship plume. The ship emissions for both fuels were composed of alkane-like compounds (H/C = 1.94 ± 0.003, O/C = 0.04 ± 0.001, CnH2n) with mass spectral fragmentation patterns consistent with hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA). Single-particle mass spectra from emissions for both fuels showed two distinct HOA compositions, with one HOA type containing more saturated alkane fragments (CnH2n+1) and the other HOA type containing more monounsaturated fragments (CnH2n−1). T...
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Hydroxyl radical formation and soluble trace metal content in particulate matter from Renewable Diesel and ultra low sulfur Diesel in at-sea operations of a research vessel
Aerosol Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaobi M. Kuang, Derek J Price, Lynn M Russell, Raghu Betha, David R Cocker, John A. Scott, Gisele O. Da Rocha, Suzanne E. PaulsonAbstract:ABSTRACTReactive oxygen species, including hydroxyl radicals generated by particles, play a role in both aerosol aging and PM2.5 mediated health effects. We assess the impacts of switching marine vessels from conventional Diesel to Renewable fuel on the ability of particles to generate hydroxyl radical when extracted in a simulated lung lining fluid or in water at pH 3.5, for samples of engine emissions from a research vessel when operating on ultra-low sulfur Diesel (ULSD) and hydrogenation-derived Renewable Diesel (HDRD). Samples were collected during dedicated cruises in 2014 and 2015, including aged samples collected by re-intercepting the ship plume. After normalizing to particle mass, particles generated from HDRD combustion had slightly to significantly (5–50%) higher OH generation activity than those from ULSD, a difference that was statistically significant for some permutations of year/fuel/engine speed. Water soluble trace metal concentrations and fuel metal concentrations were similar, and com...
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lower nox but higher particle and black carbon emissions from Renewable Diesel compared to ultra low sulfur Diesel in at sea operations of a research vessel
Aerosol Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Raghu Betha, Derek J Price, Chiali Chen, Lynn M Russell, Maryam A Lamjiri, Kevin J Sanchez, Xiaobi M. Kuang, Gisele O. Da Rocha, Suzanne E. Paulson, Wayne J MillerAbstract:ABSTRACTGas and particle emissions from R/V Robert Gordon Sproul were measured for ultra low sulfur Diesel (ULSD) and hydrogenation derived Renewable Diesel (HDRD) during dedicated aerosol measurement cruises in 2014 (29 September–3 October) and 2015 (4–7 and 26–28 September). CO, CO2, and NOX were measured directly from the starboard stack from the 2-stroke, small bore, high speed engine, while number and mass size distributions for both particles and black carbon (BC) were measured by intercepting the ship plume. Measurements at constant engine speeds (1600 rpm, 1300 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 700 rpm) had emission factors of CO () and NOX that were lower by 20% and 13%, respectively, for HDRD compared to ULSD at 700 rpm. However, at 1600 rpm, and were within one standard deviation for both ULSD (: 4.0 ± 0.1 g [kg-fuel]−1; : 51 ± 0.8 g [kg-fuel]−1) and HDRD (: 3.9 ± 0.2 g [kg-fuel]−1; : 51 ± 2 g [kg-fuel]−1). HDRD emission factors of particle number and mass concentrations were higher than ULSD by 46% to 107% a...
Lynn M Russell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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more unsaturated cooking type hydrocarbon like organic aerosol particle emissions from Renewable Diesel compared to ultra low sulfur Diesel in at sea operations of a research vessel
Aerosol Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Derek J Price, Chiali Chen, Lynn M Russell, Maryam A Lamjiri, Raghu Betha, Kevin J Sanchez, David R CockerAbstract:ABSTRACTThe aerosol particle emissions from R/V Robert Gordon Sproul were measured during two 5-day research cruises (29 September–3 October 2014; 4–7 and 26–28 September 2015) at four engine speeds (1600 rpm, 1300 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 700 rpm) to characterize the emissions under different engine conditions for ultra low sulfur Diesel (ULSD) and hydrogenation derived Renewable Diesel (HDRD) fuels. Organic aerosol composition and mass distribution were measured on the aft deck of the vessel directly behind the exhaust stack to intercept the ship plume. The ship emissions for both fuels were composed of alkane-like compounds (H/C = 1.94 ± 0.003, O/C = 0.04 ± 0.001, CnH2n) with mass spectral fragmentation patterns consistent with hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA). Single-particle mass spectra from emissions for both fuels showed two distinct HOA compositions, with one HOA type containing more saturated alkane fragments (CnH2n+1) and the other HOA type containing more monounsaturated fragments (CnH2n−1). T...
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Hydroxyl radical formation and soluble trace metal content in particulate matter from Renewable Diesel and ultra low sulfur Diesel in at-sea operations of a research vessel
Aerosol Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaobi M. Kuang, Derek J Price, Lynn M Russell, Raghu Betha, David R Cocker, John A. Scott, Gisele O. Da Rocha, Suzanne E. PaulsonAbstract:ABSTRACTReactive oxygen species, including hydroxyl radicals generated by particles, play a role in both aerosol aging and PM2.5 mediated health effects. We assess the impacts of switching marine vessels from conventional Diesel to Renewable fuel on the ability of particles to generate hydroxyl radical when extracted in a simulated lung lining fluid or in water at pH 3.5, for samples of engine emissions from a research vessel when operating on ultra-low sulfur Diesel (ULSD) and hydrogenation-derived Renewable Diesel (HDRD). Samples were collected during dedicated cruises in 2014 and 2015, including aged samples collected by re-intercepting the ship plume. After normalizing to particle mass, particles generated from HDRD combustion had slightly to significantly (5–50%) higher OH generation activity than those from ULSD, a difference that was statistically significant for some permutations of year/fuel/engine speed. Water soluble trace metal concentrations and fuel metal concentrations were similar, and com...
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lower nox but higher particle and black carbon emissions from Renewable Diesel compared to ultra low sulfur Diesel in at sea operations of a research vessel
Aerosol Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Raghu Betha, Derek J Price, Chiali Chen, Lynn M Russell, Maryam A Lamjiri, Kevin J Sanchez, Xiaobi M. Kuang, Gisele O. Da Rocha, Suzanne E. Paulson, Wayne J MillerAbstract:ABSTRACTGas and particle emissions from R/V Robert Gordon Sproul were measured for ultra low sulfur Diesel (ULSD) and hydrogenation derived Renewable Diesel (HDRD) during dedicated aerosol measurement cruises in 2014 (29 September–3 October) and 2015 (4–7 and 26–28 September). CO, CO2, and NOX were measured directly from the starboard stack from the 2-stroke, small bore, high speed engine, while number and mass size distributions for both particles and black carbon (BC) were measured by intercepting the ship plume. Measurements at constant engine speeds (1600 rpm, 1300 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 700 rpm) had emission factors of CO () and NOX that were lower by 20% and 13%, respectively, for HDRD compared to ULSD at 700 rpm. However, at 1600 rpm, and were within one standard deviation for both ULSD (: 4.0 ± 0.1 g [kg-fuel]−1; : 51 ± 0.8 g [kg-fuel]−1) and HDRD (: 3.9 ± 0.2 g [kg-fuel]−1; : 51 ± 2 g [kg-fuel]−1). HDRD emission factors of particle number and mass concentrations were higher than ULSD by 46% to 107% a...