The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Inga D Neumann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distinct correlations of vasopressin release within the lateral septum and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis with the display of intermale aggression
Hormones and Behavior, 2010Co-Authors: Alexa H. Veenema, Daniela I. Beiderbeck, Michael Lukas, Inga D NeumannAbstract:article i nfo Keywords: Anxiety Male Microdialysis Rats Resident-Intruder V1a receptor Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been implicated in a wide variety of social behaviors ranging from affiliation to aggression.However,theprecisefunctionalinvolvementofAVPinintermaleaggressionisstillamatterofdebate. Infact,verylittleisknownaboutAVPreleasepatternswithindistinctbrainregionsduringthedisplayofintermale aggression and, in turn, the behavioral consequences of such release. We used intracerebral microdialysis to monitorlocalAVPreleasewithinthelateral septum(LS)andthebednucleusof thestria terminalis(BST)ofadult male Wistar rats during the Resident-Intruder (RI) test. Resident males were cohabitated with a female prior to the RI test to stimulate intermale aggression toward the intruder male. AVP release within the LS correlated positively with intermale aggression. The specific AVP V1a receptor antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (10 μg/ml) administered via retrodialysis (3.3 µl/min, 30 min) into the LS of high-aggressive rats prior to the second RI test, prevented anincreaseinaggression in thesecond compared with the first RItest as seen invehicle-treated high- aggressive rats. In contrast to the LS, AVPrelease within the BST correlated negatively with intermale aggression. Moreover,retrodialysisofsyntheticAVP(1 µg/ml)administeredintotheBSTofhigh-aggressiveratssignificantly reduced the display of aggression during the second RI test. These data reveal that AVP can both promote and
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Differences in intermale aggression are accompanied by opposite vasopressin release patterns within the septum in rats bred for low and high anxiety
European Journal of Neuroscience, 2007Co-Authors: Daniela I. Beiderbeck, Inga D Neumann, Alexa H. VeenemaAbstract:Several studies suggest a role for arginine vasopressin (AVP), particularly in the lateral septum, in the regulation of intermale aggression. We used intracerebral microdialysis to monitor the local in vivo AVP release within the mediolateral septum of adult male Wistar rats bred for low (LAB) or high (HAB) anxiety-related behaviour during exposure to the Resident-Intruder test. LAB residents showed a significantly higher level of aggression than HAB residents, as reflected by more time spent with lateral threat, offensive upright and total aggressive behaviour as well as by more attacks and a shorter attack latency. Septal AVP release was significantly decreased in high-aggressive LAB males, while septal AVP release tended to increase in HAB males during Resident-Intruder test exposure. Moreover, LAB residents showed reduced neuronal activation of the lateral septum, as indicated by fewer c-Fos-positive cells, 1 h after the Resident-Intruder test. Pharmacological manipulation of the septal AVP system by local application of either synthetic AVP to LAB residents or the selective Via receptor antagonist d(CH 2 ) 5 Tyr(Me)AVP to HAB residents did not change the level of aggression. However, application of AVP into the septum enhanced anxiety-related behaviour on the elevated plus-maze in LAB males, while local administration of the Via receptor antagonist reduced social investigation in HAB males during the Resident-Intruder test. In conclusion, although AVP release patterns within the septum are dependent on the level of aggression, locally released AVP does not seem to be directly involved in the regulation of aggression, but rather modulates non-aggressive social and anxiety-related behaviours.
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low inborn anxiety correlates with high intermale aggression link to acth response and neuronal activation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
Hormones and Behavior, 2007Co-Authors: Alexa H. Veenema, Daniela I. Beiderbeck, Luz Torner, Annegret Blume, Inga D NeumannAbstract:Aggression constitutes a central problem in several psychopathologies, including anxiety and depression disorders and antisocial behaviors. In particular, the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis has been associated with aggression-related disorders. The present study assessed whether genetically determined levels of anxiety-related behavior influence the level of intermale aggression and whether this is associated with differences in neuroendocrine responsiveness and neuronal activation in the brain. Adult male Wistar rats bred for high (HAB) or low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior were used, as well as non-selected rats (NAB) with an intermediate anxiety level. LAB residents displayed more aggressive behavior than HAB and NAB residents during the resident–intruder (RI) test. Moreover, an inverse correlation was found between the level of anxiety and the level of aggression. The plasma corticotropin (ACTH) response to RI-test exposure was significantly higher in LABs than in HABs and NABs, indicating that a higher level of aggression was linked to an elevated hormonal stress response. Furthermore, LAB residents showed more neuronal activation in the parvocellular part of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) than HAB residents 1 h after the RI-test. In addition, a tendency toward a higher number of c-Fos-positive cells in LABs compared with HABs was observed in the medial amygdala, hypothalamic attack area and central amygdala, areas relevant for the regulation of aggression. These data demonstrate that low trait anxiety is correlated with high intermale aggression. Furthermore, the increased neuronal activation of the PVN along with the higher ACTH responsiveness might underlie the display of high aggression.
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release of oxytocin in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus but not central amygdala or lateral septum in lactating residents and virgin intruders during maternal defence
Neuroscience, 2004Co-Authors: Oliver J Bosch, Simone A Kromer, Paula Brunton, Inga D NeumannAbstract:In lactating rats, the neuroendocrine responses of the oxytocinergic system and the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis to various kinds of stressors are attenuated. In this study, using intracerebral microdialysis in combination with a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay, we characterised oxytocin (OXT) release within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the central amygdala (CeA), and the medio-lateral septum (mS) before, during and after a psycho-social stressor (the maternal defence test) in both the virgin intruder and the lactating resident rat (day 3 of lactation). Within the PVN, local OXT release was found to increase significantly in virgin intruders during exposure to the resident (2.1-fold, P<0.05), as well as in lactating residents when exposed to the virgin intruder, though to a lesser extent when compared with basal levels (1.7-fold, P<0.05). In contrast, OXT release remained unchanged within the CeA and the mS of both virgin intruders and lactating residents. Release of OXT under basal conditions was clearly above the detection limit of the radioimmunoassay, and did not differ between lactating and virgin rats in any of the brain regions studied. Our study also demonstrates that recent surgery or ongoing intracerebral microdialysis does not affect the behavioural performance of the intruders or residents when comparing dialysed and non-dialysed rats. The results indicate that exposure to the maternal defence test is a relevant stressor for the brain OXT system which becomes activated in both intruder and resident rats, although to varying degrees depending upon their reproductive status and in a region-dependent manner. The behavioural and/or neuroendocrine functions of intra-PVN released OXT during this psycho-social challenge remain to be clarified.
R Souchek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of temperature and prior residence on territorial aggression in the convict cichlid cichlasoma nigrofasciatum
Aggressive Behavior, 1992Co-Authors: D Ratnasabapathi, J Burns, R SouchekAbstract:Aggression in the convict cichlid Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum was measured under two different environmental parameters after introduction of a conspecific intruder. Measurements were made after 24-hr and 48-hr teritorial residence times at both 26°C and 30°C. Eight fish established territories in individual tanks each containing one terra cotta pot. Intruders contained in a glass cylinder were introduced into the territories. An opaque divider separating the resident from the intruder was removed after a 15-min acclimation period. At 26°C, we observed a significant difference in the mean number of bites of the cichlids of 24-hr and 48-hr residency durations, whereas, at 30°C, such a difference did not exist. Statistical analysis showed that cichlids exhibited more aggression at 30°C than at 26°C. Increased aggression levels at the higher temperature may be related to the fact that cichlids establish territories and spawn at about 30°C.
Klaus A Miczek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fighting females neural and behavioral consequences of social defeat stress in female mice
Biological Psychiatry, 2019Co-Authors: Emily L Newman, Herbert E Covington, Junghyup Suh, Matthew B Bicakci, Kerry J Ressler, Joseph F Debold, Klaus A MiczekAbstract:Abstract Background Despite the twofold higher prevalence of major depressive and posttraumatic stress disorders in women compared with men, most clinical and preclinical studies have focused on male subjects. We used an ethological murine model to study several cardinal symptoms of affective disorders in the female targets of female aggression. Methods Intact Swiss Webster (CFW) female resident mice were housed with castrated male mice and tested for aggression toward female intruders. For 10 days, aggressive CFW female residents defeated C57BL/6J (B6) female intruders during 5-minute encounters. Measures of corticosterone, c-Fos activation in hypothalamic and limbic structures, and species-typical behaviors were collected from defeated and control females. Ketamine (20 mg/kg) was tested for its potential to reverse stress-induced social deficits. Results Housed with a castrated male mouse, most intact resident CFW females readily attacked unfamiliar B6 female intruders, inflicting >40 bites in a 5-minute encounter. Compared with controls, defeated B6 females exhibited elevated plasma corticosterone and increased c-Fos activation in the medial amygdala, ventral lateral septum, ventromedial hypothalamus, and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Chronically defeated females also showed vigilance-like behavior and deficits in social interactions, novel object investigation, and nesting. The duration of social interactions increased 24 hours after chronically defeated female mice received a systemic dose of ketamine. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that CFW female mice living with male conspecifics can be used as aggressive residents in an ethological model of female social defeat stress. These novel behavioral methods will encourage further studies of sex-specific neural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to chronic stress and the biological bases for interfemale aggression.
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recurrent aggressive episodes entrain ultradian heart rate and core temperature rhythms
Physiology & Behavior, 1998Co-Authors: Walter Tornatzky, Jonathan C Cole, Klaus A MiczekAbstract:Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the effects of recurrent aggressive episodes on the synchrony of autonomic circadian and ultradian rhythms. Eight aggressive male rats were entrained to a reverse 12 h:12 h light–dark cycle and then implanted with telemetry senders to continuously monitor heart rate (HR) and core temperature ( T c ). The amplitude and the time of the peak (acrophase) for each of the circadian and ultradian oscillations were quantified by nonlinear, least-squares, multioscillator cosinor analysis that included the first four harmonics of the circadian rhythm. After recovery from surgery, the 3- and 5-cycle/day ultradian rhythms of HR and T c were the prominent ultradian components that were synchronized to the light–dark cycle. First, the resident males confronted a male intruder daily at lights-off (0800 hours) for a period of 3 weeks. Second, after a 3-week recovery period, 15 daily aggressive confrontations were scheduled, with the intruders being introduced at 1200 hours. During the course of the confrontations the amplitude of 3- and 5-cycle/day oscillations in HR and T c decreased, whereas the hemicircadian (2 cycles/day) rhythm amplitude doubled with minor changes of the circadian amplitude. The hemicircadian acrophase coincided with the time of the confrontation most clearly, and this alignment lasted for more than 1 week after the last social confrontation, even in the absence of a reminder. We interpret the synchronization of the hemicircadian acrophases to the time point of social confrontations as anticipating the physiological demands of the aggressive encounters.
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social defeat stress selectively alters mesocorticolimbic dopamine release an in vivo microdialysis study
Brain Research, 1996Co-Authors: Jennifer W Tidey, Klaus A MiczekAbstract:Exposure to various aversive stimuli ('stressors') as well as positively-reinforcing stimuli has been shown to increase extracellular dopamine concentrations in terminal areas of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. The magnitude and site specificity of the dopaminergic response may depend on the nature of the aversive stimulus. In the present study, in vivo microdialysis was used to examine the effects of an ethologically relevant stressor, namely threat of social defeat, on dopamine concentrations in nucleus accumbens, striatum, and prefrontal cortex of freely-moving male Long-Evans rats. During the test session, dialysate and video recording samples were collected from previously-defeated 'intruder' rats in consecutive phases, while (1) in the home cage, (2) when placed in the empty, soiled cage of a resident rat which had previously defeated them, (3) when exposed to threat of defeat by the resident, and (4) when returned to their home cages. Control animals were not defeated; in this group of rats video recording and dialysate samples were obtained when they were placed into an empty, clean novel cage and later returned to their home cage. The results indicated that levels of dopamine were elevated to approximately 130% of baseline in nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex when rats were placed into either the resident or novel cage. In defeated intruders, extracellular dopamine levels in accumbens and prefrontal cortex were increased further (approximately 160% of baseline), during social threat; these biochemical changes were synchronous with high levels of orienting toward the resident but not with heightened motor activity. Extracellular dopamine levels in lateral striatum were not affected by either manipulation. These results suggest that altered accumbens and cortical extracellular dopamine concentrations during social threat are not secondary to motor activation but instead reflect increased attention to the provocative stimulus or attempts by the intruder to 'cope' with the stimulus.
John K Leiser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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when are neighbours dear enemies and when are they not the responses of territorial male variegated pupfish cyprinodon variegatus to neighbours strangers and heterospecifics
Animal Behaviour, 2003Co-Authors: John K LeiserAbstract:Abstract Dear enemy recognition reduces the costs of territorial defence in some species, but not others, when a neighbour is more threatening to a resident's fitness than an intruder. I asked whether dear enemy effects were fixed in a particular species, or if the reduced aggression between a resident and neighbour was disrupted by the presence of potential mating opportunities. Observing variegated pupfish, Cyprinodon variegatus , in the field and in the laboratory, I examined the effects of a female's presence in a male's territory on residents' aggressive responses to conspecific neighbours and strangers as well as heterospecific opponents. Although reduced aggression consistent with dear enemy recognition was seen between conspecific neighbours in the absence of females, the presence of a female in a male's territory instigated comparably greater aggression between the neighbours. No reduction in aggression was seen between pupfish males and heterospecific opponents. These findings suggest that dear enemy recognition may be a flexible, rather than a fixed, feature of the relationship of neighbouring conspecific males. Despite the disruption in dear enemy recognition caused by a female, residents in the laboratory faced with neighbours spent more time associating with the female than residents faced with strangers. This allowed the residents to secure as many spawns as did males who had been faced with no competitor. Residents faced with any other type of opponent had reduced reproductive success, suggesting that the dear enemy relationship between residents and neighbours is more complex than simply a reduction in aggression. Copyright 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Harman V S Peeke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maternal aggression and post hatch care in red swamp crayfish procambarus clarkii girard the influences of presence of offspring fostering and maternal molting
Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 1997Co-Authors: Michael H Figler, Grant S Blank, Harman V S PeekeAbstract:A series of experiments investigated aspects of maternal aggression and care in brooding (tending hatched juveniles) red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii),using a resident‐intruder paradigm. In Experiment 1, maternal female residents won a significantly higher proportion of aggressive encounters than did intruding Form I males. When separated from one's brood for 24 hr, this maternal status effect disappeared, but both maternal care and a significant reproductive status effect reappeared upon reunion. Experiment 2 revealed that maternal care is provided for a brood other than one's own (i.e., fostering) and even after a maternal phase molt. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated a significant maternal resident contest outcome advantage against non‐maternal female intruders, and post‐molt maternal care and aggression. Also, there was a continuation of heightened aggression even briefly after other aspects of maternal care had ceased. These effects of presence of brood on contest outcome, fostering, and post‐m...
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maternal aggression in red swamp crayfish procambarus clarkii girard the relation between reproductive status and outcome of aggressive encounters with male and female conspecifics
Behaviour, 1995Co-Authors: Michael H Figler, Maxwell Twum, James E Finkelstein, Harman V S PeekeAbstract:A series of experiments investigated intraspecific aggression by maternal (carrying eggs and/or hatched young) and non-maternal female red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) residents against intrusions by non-maternal female and Form I (reproductively active) male conspecifics. Each resident occupied an aquarium containing a shelter for 24 hours prior to the initial intrusion. The winner of each encounter was determined, as well as the pair member that initiated the aggressive interaction, and the relation between the initiation of aggression and contest outcome. The results showed that: (1) Maternal female residents were winners in 92% of the encounters with male intruders, and initiated aggression in a significantly higher proportion of encounters than the male intruders. (2) Maternal female residents were the winners in 75% of the encounters with non-maternal female intruders. The maternal residents also initiated aggression in a significantly higher proportion of the encounters than the non-maternal intruders. (3) Non-maternal female residents lost 77% of the encounters with non-maternal intruders. Also, the non-maternal intruders initiated aggression in a significantly higher proportion of the encounters than did the non-maternal residents. (4) Non-maternal female residents lost all of their encounters with male intruders. However, there was no significant difference in the proportion of the encounters in which aggression was initiated by residents or intruders. (5) For all experiments combined, maternal residents won a significantly higher proportion of their encounters than did non-maternal residents, regardless of whether the intruders were males or non-maternal females. (6) For the three experiments combined, the initiation of aggression reliably predicted contest outcome (i.e. the initiator of aggression ultimately won). The present results provide the first empirical demonstration, with appropriate non-maternal controls, of maternal aggression in decapod crustaceans. Also, the direct relation between reproductive status and contest outcome in both ovigerous and post-hatch P. clarkii are the first such data reported in crustaceans, in general. Finally, the findings of these experiments bear notable similarities to the results of maternal aggression research in other taxonomic groups.
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prior residence effects in shelter defense in adult signal crayfish pacifastacus leniusculus dana results in same and mixed sex dyads
Crustaceana, 1995Co-Authors: Jennifer Sippel, Michael H Figler, Harman V S PeekeAbstract:In a variety of taxa, the initial resident in a spatial area enjoys a dominance advantage over a subsequent intruder. In decapod crustaceans this "prior residence effect" has been demonstrated in lobsters, prawns, and crabs. However, there is scant evidence for the effect in crayfish. In the present series of experiments, individual signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) were introduced into one side of divided aquaria, which contained a shelter. Another crayfish was put into the opposite side. Twenty-four hours later the divider was removed. In same-sex encounters 76% of female residents retained shelter possession, as did approximately 70% of male residents, both sexes demonstrating a significant territorial prior residence effect. In mixed-sex encounters, female residents retained shelter possession against male intruders in 80% of them. However, male residents retained shelter occupancy in only 33% of the encounters with female intruders. These findings demonstrate the existence of a prior resident effect in P. leniusculus. The contest advantage of females over males is consistent with previous research showing female dominance over males in social dominance hierarchies in this species.
