The Experts below are selected from a list of 6741 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Robert Howse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • democracy science and free Trade risk regulation on trial at the world Trade organization
    Michigan Law Review, 2000
    Co-Authors: Robert Howse
    Abstract:

    Among the most common critiques of globalization is that it increasingly constrains the ability of democratic communities to make unfettered choices about policies that affect the fundamental welfare of their citizens, including those of health and safety, the environment, and consumer protection. Traditionally, free Trade rules were about constraining border measures such as tariffs and quantitative Restrictions on imports. Increasingly, however, such rules include requirements and constraints addressed directly to domestic regulation. For example, a country's policies with respect to intellectual property rights or its regulatory approach to network industries, such as telecommunications, may now be fundamentally shaped by rules that are made and interpreted at the international level. one of the most visible and controversial areas where Trade rules constrain regulatory diversity is that of food safety. The World Trade Organization ("WTO") Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures ("SPS Agreement"), negotiated in the Uruguay Round and enacted in 1994, requires that countries either adopt harmonized international standards or, if they choose to maintain stricter regulations, base these on risk assessment, scientific principles, and scientific evidence. The SPS Agreement also requires that the regulations adopted be the least Trade-restrictive available to achieve the desired level of protection. The above provisions apply even to nondiscriminatory regulations that would not run afoul of the Most Favored Nation and National Treatment provisions of the GATT itself. The SPS Agreement also prohibits "arbitrary" and "unjustified" distinctions in levels of protection in situations that are comparable, where these distinctions lead to "discrimination" or "disguised Restriction on Trade." Such strictures appear to provide fuel for criticism that globalization suffers a "democratic deficit." As two critics put it, "[t]he essence

Kalaba M. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Impact Wine Quota Under EU-SADC EPA Agreement on Wine Trade Flows Between South Africa And The European Union Countries
    'Morgan & Claypool Publishers LLC', 2019
    Co-Authors: Mshengu S., Kalaba M.
    Abstract:

    South Africa negotiated the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the EU under the Southern African Development Community (SADC) - EU EPA configuration. SADC-EU (EPA) replaced the TDCA (Trade Chapter) after the SADC-EPA was signed by both parties and came into force in 2016. The annual (2016) tariff-rate quota (TRQ) for South African wine to enter the EU duty free was 50 126 000 litres under the TDCA and increased to 110 000 000 litres that will enter the EU market duty. The aim of this paper was to assess the potential impact of wine quota under EU-SADC EPA agreement on wine Trade flows between South Africa and the European Union countries by adopting the Software on Market Analysis and Restriction on Trade (SMART). The increase in duty free quota is expected to stimulate more wine production hence increasing the exports to EU market, resulting in high wine export revenues. The estimated revenue increase is $80 million. The increased Trade is expected to have both direct and indirect impact on the employment in South African wine industry. In terms of the out of quota impact, the simulation results reveal that wine TRQ under the EPA would lead to a significant decrease in EU wine imports from South Africa. The results further show that Trade diversion largely exceed Trade creation effects and overall Trade effect would be negative for out of quota Trade. The findings of this study are crucial for South Africa�s wine sector because it provides strong evidence for South Africa need to pay more attention to the impact of the EU wine quota and develop appropriate strategies and policies to compete and also look into other market opportunities for diversification purposes. Key words: Tariff Rate Quota, SMART model, partial equilibriu

Mshengu S. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Impact Wine Quota Under EU-SADC EPA Agreement on Wine Trade Flows Between South Africa And The European Union Countries
    'Morgan & Claypool Publishers LLC', 2019
    Co-Authors: Mshengu S., Kalaba M.
    Abstract:

    South Africa negotiated the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the EU under the Southern African Development Community (SADC) - EU EPA configuration. SADC-EU (EPA) replaced the TDCA (Trade Chapter) after the SADC-EPA was signed by both parties and came into force in 2016. The annual (2016) tariff-rate quota (TRQ) for South African wine to enter the EU duty free was 50 126 000 litres under the TDCA and increased to 110 000 000 litres that will enter the EU market duty. The aim of this paper was to assess the potential impact of wine quota under EU-SADC EPA agreement on wine Trade flows between South Africa and the European Union countries by adopting the Software on Market Analysis and Restriction on Trade (SMART). The increase in duty free quota is expected to stimulate more wine production hence increasing the exports to EU market, resulting in high wine export revenues. The estimated revenue increase is $80 million. The increased Trade is expected to have both direct and indirect impact on the employment in South African wine industry. In terms of the out of quota impact, the simulation results reveal that wine TRQ under the EPA would lead to a significant decrease in EU wine imports from South Africa. The results further show that Trade diversion largely exceed Trade creation effects and overall Trade effect would be negative for out of quota Trade. The findings of this study are crucial for South Africa�s wine sector because it provides strong evidence for South Africa need to pay more attention to the impact of the EU wine quota and develop appropriate strategies and policies to compete and also look into other market opportunities for diversification purposes. Key words: Tariff Rate Quota, SMART model, partial equilibriu

Kuliavienė Aistė - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of large-scale Lithuanian milk processors changes in the structure of the export due to Russian embargo
    2020
    Co-Authors: Solnyškinienė Jolanta, Kuliavienė Aistė
    Abstract:

    State Industrial and service sectors development depends on the political role of the country in t!ie international area. The national economy cannot grow up while being detached from the global economy without maintenance of the relationship with other countries. The more national economics are open the more icrcign Trade is being developed Lithuanian dairy market is highly concentrated with powerful companies, which are able to compete and Increase the volume of export in foreign markets. Currently, the political tension restricts the global Trade including and Lithuanian export In Ukraine and in the Middle East The development of Ukrainian conflict is very dynamic and may affect Lithuanian export supply and demand in different channels. Widely discussed additional Restriction on Trade between Russia and the EU will have both direct and Indirect effects on the development of Lithuanian exports. This article aims to analyse and evaluate how will change milk processors companies indicators of final performance while changing the structure of export and direction from East to West and / or refuses the export to East, Such econometric methods as correlation -regression analysis and lag - analysis method allow to determine the relationship and format between the final performance indicators and export volume and direction of current company. It was found that there is a strong link between export directions of the export and companies income. The results of this analysis show that Lithuanian milk processors Income will change while changing the structure and direction of export This article reveals what kind of loss companies will suffer while reorientating the export from East to West and how long it takes to smooth the income. Finally, this analysis indicates the forecast of export while changing the business conditionsVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Solnyškinienė Jolanta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of large-scale Lithuanian milk processors changes in the structure of the export due to Russian embargo
    2020
    Co-Authors: Solnyškinienė Jolanta, Kuliavienė Aistė
    Abstract:

    State Industrial and service sectors development depends on the political role of the country in t!ie international area. The national economy cannot grow up while being detached from the global economy without maintenance of the relationship with other countries. The more national economics are open the more icrcign Trade is being developed Lithuanian dairy market is highly concentrated with powerful companies, which are able to compete and Increase the volume of export in foreign markets. Currently, the political tension restricts the global Trade including and Lithuanian export In Ukraine and in the Middle East The development of Ukrainian conflict is very dynamic and may affect Lithuanian export supply and demand in different channels. Widely discussed additional Restriction on Trade between Russia and the EU will have both direct and Indirect effects on the development of Lithuanian exports. This article aims to analyse and evaluate how will change milk processors companies indicators of final performance while changing the structure of export and direction from East to West and / or refuses the export to East, Such econometric methods as correlation -regression analysis and lag - analysis method allow to determine the relationship and format between the final performance indicators and export volume and direction of current company. It was found that there is a strong link between export directions of the export and companies income. The results of this analysis show that Lithuanian milk processors Income will change while changing the structure and direction of export This article reveals what kind of loss companies will suffer while reorientating the export from East to West and how long it takes to smooth the income. Finally, this analysis indicates the forecast of export while changing the business conditionsVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij