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Susan B Manoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pneumococcal polysaccharide 23 valent vaccine long term persistence of circulating antibody and immunogenicity and safety after Revaccination in adults
    Vaccine, 2012
    Co-Authors: John D Grabenstein, Susan B Manoff
    Abstract:

    Since publication of a 1997 review of the immunogenicity and safety data for pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPSVs), dozens of additional studies have been published, involving larger cohorts, longer observation periods, and more specific assays. Additionally, a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been licensed for adults. This paper reviews adult studies assessing antibody persistence for ≥ 3 years after pneumococcal vaccination, and adult studies of immunogenicity and safety after Revaccination. This review emphasizes the currently registered PPSV23 formulations containing 25-μg polysaccharide per serotype, for which far more long-term data are available. Broadly, IgG and functional antibody levels after PPSV23 in adults persist above concentrations in unvaccinated adults for at least 5-10 years in most studies. The few exceptions involve populations of non-ambulatory adults or those with confounding host-factor issues. Revaccination with PPSV23 5-10 years after a previous dose consistently and substantially increases both IgG and functional antibody levels. There is an inverse association between circulating antibody level just before primary or Revaccination and subsequent antibody increase. Although injection-site reactions (e.g., pain, swelling, redness) were reported more commonly after PPSV23 Revaccination than after primary vaccination in most studies, these reactions typically resolved within 5 days. We interpret the contemporary literature as supporting pneumococcal Revaccination as a means to sustain anti-pneumococcal antibodies at levels greater than among unvaccinated adults. PPSV23 is a broad-spectrum public-health tool to help prevent serious pneumococcal diseases across the adult lifespan.

  • Revaccination with a 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine induces elevated and persistent functional antibody responses in adults aged 65 years
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2010
    Co-Authors: Susan B Manoff, Charles Liss, Michael J Caulfield, Rocio D Marchese, Jeffrey L Silber, John Boslego, Sandra Romerosteiner, Gowrisankar Rajam, Nina E Glass
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Older adults are at high risk of developing invasive pneumococcal disease, but the optimal timing and number of vaccine doses needed to prevent disease among this group are unknown. We compared Revaccination with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PN23) with primary vaccination for eliciting initial and persistent functional antibody responses. METHODS: Subjects aged > or = 65 years were enrolled. Functional (opsonic) and total immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody levels were measured following either PN23 primary vaccination (n = 60) or Revaccination 3-5 years after receiving a first PN23 vaccination (n = 60). Antibody against vaccine serotypes 4, 14, and 23F was measured at pRevaccination (day 0), 30 days after vaccination, and 5 years after vaccination. RESULTS: By day 30, both primary vaccination and Revaccination induced significant increases in opsonic and IgG antibody levels. Day 30 levels following Revaccination were slightly lower but not significantly different than those after primary vaccination. Year 5 levels were similar in both groups and remained significantly higher than pRevaccination levels for primary vaccination subjects. There was good agreement between postvaccination opsonic and IgG antibody levels. CONCLUSIONS: Revaccination of older adults with PN23 was comparable to primary vaccination for inducing elevated and persistent functional and IgG antibody responses.

  • Safety and antibody response, including antibody persistence for 5 years, after primary vaccination or Revaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in middle-aged and older adults.
    The Journal of infectious diseases, 2010
    Co-Authors: Daniel M. Musher, Susan B Manoff, Rocio D Marchese, Charlie Liss, Richard D. Mcfetridge, Bonnie Bushnell, Frances B. Alvarez, Carla Painter, Michael D. Blum, Jeffrey L Silber
    Abstract:

    Background This study assessed antibody levels for 5 years after primary vaccination or Revaccination with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PN23). Methods Subjects were enrolled into 4 study groups by age (50-64 or > or = 65 years) and prior vaccination status (no prior vaccination or 1 vaccination 3-5 years previously). Blood was obtained on day 0 (before primary vaccination or Revaccination), day 30, day 60, and annually during years 2-5. Levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to 8 vaccine serotypes were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Of 1008 enrolled subjects, 551 completed year 5. For each serotype and age group, baseline geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of IgG were higher in Revaccination than primary vaccination subjects. Primary vaccination or Revaccination with PN23 induced significant increases in levels of antibody to all serotypes tested. Although day 30 and 60 antibody levels tended to be modestly lower after Revaccination, study groups had similar GMCs at later time points. For serotypes 4, 6B, 8, 9V, 12F, 14, and 23F, GMCs during years 2-5 after primary vaccination or Revaccination remained higher than in vaccine-naive persons. Levels of antibody to serotype 3 returned to baseline by year 2. Conclusions Both primary vaccination and Revaccination with PN23 induce antibody responses that persist during 5 years of observation.

Chienching Hung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • serological responses to Revaccination against hbv in hiv positive patients born in the era of nationwide neonatal hbv vaccination
    Liver International, 2018
    Co-Authors: Yichia Huang, Wenchun Liu, Szumin Hsieh, Wanghuei Sheng, Yushan Huang, Kuanyin Lin, Guanjhou Chen, Shangping Yang, Hsinyun Sun, Chienching Hung
    Abstract:

    Background Serological responses to Revaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) are unclear in HIV-positive adults who had undergone neonatal HBV vaccination and whose antibodies against HBV had waned in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Methods Between 2000 and 2017, 666 HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) who were born after 1986, when nationwide neonatal HBV vaccination programme was implemented in Taiwan, were included for analyses. A serological response was defined when a hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titre ≥10 mIU/mL was measured 4-24 weeks after the third dose of HBV vaccination. Results During the study period, 295 (48.7%) HIV-positive MSM (mean age, 23.2 years) who had lost HBV seroprotection were eligible for Revaccination; 171 (58.0%) received at least 1 dose (20-μg) of HBV vaccine and 116 (39.3%) completed the 3-dose schedule. The serological response rate to 3 doses of HBV Revaccination was 74.0% and the rate of high-titre response (anti-HBs titre ≥100 mIU/mL) was 46.0%. The CD4 count before the first dose (per 50-cell/μL increment, adjusted odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.29) was positively associated with the serological response. The incident rate of HBV infection was 9.2 per 1000 person-years of follow-up among the patients who were non-responders after Revaccination. Conclusions Despite HBV vaccination in the neonatal period, the serological response rate to HBV Revaccination in HIV-positive MSM was modest and could wane rapidly. Regular testing of anti-HBs should be integrated into the HIV care despite cART containing HBV-active agents.

  • Revaccination with 7 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine elicits better serologic response than 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in hiv infected adult patients who have undergone primary vaccination with 23 valent pneumococcal polysacc
    Vaccine, 2014
    Co-Authors: Suiyuan Chang, Yuchung Chuang, Wenchun Liu, Shufang Chang, Chienching Hung
    Abstract:

    HIV-infected adults who had received 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) five years or more earlier consecutively underwent Revaccination with one dose of PPV23 (127 subjects) from December 2005 through October 2007, or upon change in standard of care, non-randomly one (50) or two doses (44) of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) from October 2008 through June 2010. Serologic response was defined as ≥ 2-fold increase in the IgG level plus a level ≥ 1000ng/ml 48 weeks following Revaccination. At week 48, the response rate was significantly higher in the 2-dose PCV7 group compared with that in the 1-dose PCV7 or PPV23 group (63.6% vs 32.0% vs 8.7%, respectively; P 350 cells/μl (AOR, 3.24) and undetectable viral load (AOR, 3.87) at Revaccination were statistically significantly associated with a better serologic response at week 48. Despite the limitation that study arms were neither randomized nor contemporaneous, we conclude that Revaccination with PCV7 appears to elicit a better serologic response than PPV23 in the HIV-infected adults who have received PPV23 five years or more earlier (clinical trial registration number: NCT00885625).

Virat Sirisanthana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Prevalence of protective level of hepatitis B antibody 3 years after Revaccination in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy
    Vaccine, 2011
    Co-Authors: Mongkol Lao-araya, Linda Aurpibul, Sineenart Taecharoenkul, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Thira Sirisanthana, Virat Sirisanthana
    Abstract:

    After responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-infected children had a good response to hepatitis B immunization. However, there are limited data on the durability of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) in these children. The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of protective anti-HBs level 3 years after a 3-dose HBV Revaccination among HIV-infected children with immune recovery (CD4 cell ≥15%) while on HAART. The secondary objective is to assess immunologic memory among children who had waning of anti-HBs. An anti-HBs level of ≥10 mIU/mL was defined as a protective antibody level. Sixty-nine HIV-infected children who had history of a 3-dose HBV Revaccination while receiving HAART were enrolled. The mean (SD) of CD4 cell and duration of HAART at time of Revaccination was 27.2% (6.7) and 5.9 years (0.4), respectively. The proportion of children with protective anti-HBs level 3 years after the Revaccination was 71.0% [95% CI, 58.8–81.3]. The geometric mean titer was 114(SD 5) IU/mL. By multivariate logistic analysis, the predictors for protective anti-HBs level 3 years after Revaccination were CD4 cell count ≥500 cells/mm 3 at the time of vaccination (p = 0.04) and anti-HBs level ≥ 100 IU/mL at 1 month after completion of the 3-dose vaccination (p < 0.001). Anamnestic response after one booster dose was demonstrated among 14 of 17 children who had waning protective anti-HBs level (82.4% [95% CI, 62.2–102.6]). Our findings support the recommendation of giving a 3-dose HBV vaccination to HIV-infected children with immune recovery while receiving HAART.

  • persistence of measles mumps and rubella protective antibodies 3 years after Revaccination in hiv infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2010
    Co-Authors: Linda Aurpibul, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Thira Sirisanthana, Virat Sirisanthana
    Abstract:

    Three years after measles, mumps, and rubella Revaccination in 38 human immunodeficiency virus-infected children who had achieved immune recovery after antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence of protective antibody levels was 85% for measles, 61% for mumps, and 79% for rubella, compared with 88%, 84%, and 100%, respectively, 1 month after Revaccination.

  • Response to Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Revaccination in HIV-Infected Children with Immune Recovery after Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2007
    Co-Authors: Linda Aurpibul, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Thira Sirisanthana, Virat Sirisanthana
    Abstract:

    The low prevalence of measles antibody in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children after immune recovery as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy increases the risk of morbidity and mortality from disease. The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Revaccination with measles mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine in HIV-infected children with immune recovery. Inclusion criteria were (1) HIV-infected children aged >/5 years (2) a nadir CD4 lymphocyte percentage 15% for >/= 3 months after highly active antiretroviral therapy) and (4) no protective antibody against measles. Each child received 1 dose of MMR vaccine and antibodies were measured at 4 and 24 weeks after vaccination. Protective antibodies were defined as an antimeasles immunoglobulin G (IgG) level >/= 320 mIU/mL an antimumps IgG titer > 1:500 and an antirubella IgG level > 10 I/mL. There were 51 participants. The mean age (± standard deviation) was 10.2 ± 2.5 years. Prior to Revaccination 28 participants (55%) had baseline protective antibody to mumps and 11 (20%) had baseline protective antibody to rubella. The prevalence of protective antibody at 4 weeks was 90% 100% and 78% for measles rubella and mumps respectively and then slightly decreased to 80% 94% and 61% respectively at 24 weeks after Revaccination. No serious adverse reactions were attributed to Revaccination. The majority of HIV-infected children with immune recovery can develop protective antibodies after MMR Revaccination. Revaccination with MMR vaccine in HIV-infected children with immune recovery should be considered to ensure individual immunity and limit the spread of disease. (authors)

Jinren Pan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Waning immunity to measles in young adults and booster effects of Revaccination in secondary school students.
    Vaccine, 2012
    Co-Authors: Enfu Chen, Zhifang Wang, Rui Yan, Jinren Pan
    Abstract:

    The increasing proportions of adult cases were observed in the recent measles outbreaks in Zhejiang Province, China. In order to identify the high-risk age groups of measles for targeted intervention, a seroprevalence survey of measles antibody was conducted among 1961 participants aged 0-60 years randomly selected by age-stratified purpose sampling, and the effect of Revaccination program in secondary school was evaluated in Zhejiang Province. The adjusted overall seropositivity rate of measles was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86-89%) with geometric mean titers (GMT), 976±86 mIU/ml. The seropositivity rate of measles was significantly lower in subjects aged 15-19 years than aged 5-9 years (90% vs 96%, χ(2)=5.21, p=0.022). Both seropositivity rate and GMT level of measles were higher in participants aged 10-14 years with ≥2 doses MCV than those with only 1 dose (95% vs 81%, 1276 mIU/ml vs 666 mIU/ml). The seropositivity rate increased from 91% to 100% after Revaccination with MCV among 184 secondary school students. The proportions of measles cases aged ≥15 years were reduced gradually (χ(2)=55.47, p=0.000) from 2009 to 2011 after implementing the Revaccination campaign on secondary school students since 2008. Our findings strongly suggested that a Revaccination opportunity with MCV for adolescents helps to improve the population immunity, and it can be conducted effectively and practically in secondary school students.

Bhavna Chohan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sustained responses to measles Revaccination at 24 months in hiv infected children on antiretroviral therapy in kenya
    Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Laura P Newman, Anne Njoroge, Amalia Magaret, Bhavna Chohan, Veronicah W Gitomea, Anna Wald, Jonathan Gorstein, Julie Overbaugh, Dalton Wamalwa, Elizabeth Malecheobimbo
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND There are limited data on whether HIV-infected children in resource-limited countries who are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) are able to produce sustained, protective levels of measles antibody after multiple measles vaccinations. METHODS We administered an additional measles vaccine to HIV-infected children 15 months to 12 years of age receiving ART in Nairobi, Kenya. Measles antibody concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at enrollment, 1 month, 12 months and 24 months post Revaccination. RESULTS At enrollment, 125 (54%) of 232 study participants had protective concentrations of measles antibody. Measles seropositivity increased to 98% of all children at 1 month post Revaccination but decreased to 71% at 12 months and 60% at 24 months post Revaccination. Measles seroconversion and sustained measles seropositivity among those who were measles seronegative at enrollment was 25% at 24 months post Revaccination. In this group, 39% of children with <50 copies/mL plasma HIV RNA measles seroconverted compared to 4% of children with plasma HIV RNA ≥1000 copies/mL (P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Measles Revaccination can result in a sustained antibody response in a subset of HIV-infected children receiving ART, especially among those with HIV suppression.

  • Sustained Responses to Measles Revaccination at 24 Months in HIV-infected Children on Antiretroviral Therapy in Kenya.
    The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Laura P Newman, Anne Njoroge, Amalia Magaret, Bhavna Chohan, Veronicah W Gitomea, Anna Wald, Jonathan Gorstein, Julie Overbaugh, Dalton Wamalwa, Elizabeth Maleche-obimbo
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND There are limited data on whether HIV-infected children in resource-limited countries who are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) are able to produce sustained, protective levels of measles antibody after multiple measles vaccinations. METHODS We administered an additional measles vaccine to HIV-infected children 15 months to 12 years of age receiving ART in Nairobi, Kenya. Measles antibody concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at enrollment, 1 month, 12 months and 24 months post Revaccination. RESULTS At enrollment, 125 (54%) of 232 study participants had protective concentrations of measles antibody. Measles seropositivity increased to 98% of all children at 1 month post Revaccination but decreased to 71% at 12 months and 60% at 24 months post Revaccination. Measles seroconversion and sustained measles seropositivity among those who were measles seronegative at enrollment was 25% at 24 months post Revaccination. In this group, 39% of children with

  • t cell anergy and activation are associated with suboptimal humoral responses to measles Revaccination in hiv infected children on anti retroviral therapy in nairobi kenya
    Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Laura P Newman, Anne Njoroge, Bhavna Chohan, Dalton Wamalwa, M B Buechler, Carey Farquhar
    Abstract:

    HIV-infected children are less capable of mounting and maintaining protective humoral responses to vaccination against measles compared to HIV-uninfected children. This poses a public health challenge in countries with high HIV burdens. Administration of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and revaccinating children against measles is one approach to increase measles immunity in HIV-infected children yet it is not effective in all cases. Immune anergy and activation during HIV infection are factors that could influence responses to measles Revaccination. We utilized a flow cytometry-based approach to examine whether T cell anergy and activation were associated with the maintenance of measles-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies generated in response to measles Revaccination in a cohort of HIV-infected children on ART in Nairobi Kenya. Children who sustained measles-specific IgG for at least 1 year after Revaccination displayed significantly lower programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) surface expression on CD8(+) T cells on a per-cell basis and exhibited less activated CD4(+) T cells compared to those unable to maintain detectable measles-specific antibodies. Children in both groups were similar in age and sex CD4(+) T cell frequency duration of ART treatment and HIV viral load at enrolment. These data suggest that aberrant T cell anergy and activation are associated with the impaired ability to sustain an antibody response to measles Revaccination in HIV-infected children on ART. (c) 2015 British Society for Immunology.