The Experts below are selected from a list of 18963 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Martin Lindström - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trust and health: testing the Reverse Causality hypothesis
Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2015Co-Authors: Giuseppe N. Giordano, Martin LindströmAbstract:Background Social capital research has consistently shown positive associations between generalised trust and health outcomes over 2 decades. Longitudinal studies attempting to test causal relationships further support the theory that trust is an independent predictor of health. However, as the Reverse Causality hypothesis has yet to be empirically tested, a knowledge gap remains. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate if health status predicts trust. Methods Data employed in this study came from 4 waves of the British Household Panel Survey between years 2000 and 2007 (N=8114). The sample was stratified by baseline trust to investigate temporal relationships between prior self-rated health (SRH) and changes in trust. We used logistic regression models with random effects, as trust was expected to be more similar within the same individuals over time. Results From the ‘Can trust at baseline’ cohort, poor SRH at time (t−1) predicted low trust at time (t) (OR=1.38). Likewise, good health predicted high trust within the ‘Cannot’ trust cohort (OR=1.30). These patterns of positive association remained after robustness checks, which adjusted for misclassification of outcome (trust) status and the existence of other temporal pathways. Conclusions This study offers empirical evidence to support the circular nature of trust/health relationship. The stability of association between prior health status and changes in trust over time differed between cohorts, hinting at the existence of complex pathways rather than a simple positive feedback loop.
Giuseppe N. Giordano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trust and health: testing the Reverse Causality hypothesis
Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2015Co-Authors: Giuseppe N. Giordano, Martin LindströmAbstract:Background Social capital research has consistently shown positive associations between generalised trust and health outcomes over 2 decades. Longitudinal studies attempting to test causal relationships further support the theory that trust is an independent predictor of health. However, as the Reverse Causality hypothesis has yet to be empirically tested, a knowledge gap remains. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate if health status predicts trust. Methods Data employed in this study came from 4 waves of the British Household Panel Survey between years 2000 and 2007 (N=8114). The sample was stratified by baseline trust to investigate temporal relationships between prior self-rated health (SRH) and changes in trust. We used logistic regression models with random effects, as trust was expected to be more similar within the same individuals over time. Results From the ‘Can trust at baseline’ cohort, poor SRH at time (t−1) predicted low trust at time (t) (OR=1.38). Likewise, good health predicted high trust within the ‘Cannot’ trust cohort (OR=1.30). These patterns of positive association remained after robustness checks, which adjusted for misclassification of outcome (trust) status and the existence of other temporal pathways. Conclusions This study offers empirical evidence to support the circular nature of trust/health relationship. The stability of association between prior health status and changes in trust over time differed between cohorts, hinting at the existence of complex pathways rather than a simple positive feedback loop.
Archana Singhmanoux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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underweight as a risk factor for respiratory death in the whitehall cohort study exploring Reverse Causality using a 45 year follow up
Thorax, 2016Co-Authors: Mika Kivimaki, Martin J Shipley, Joshua A Bell, Eric J Brunner, David G Batty, Archana SinghmanouxAbstract:Underweight adults have higher rates of respiratory death than the normal weight but it is unclear whether this association is causal or reflects illness-induced weight loss (Reverse Causality). Evidence from a 45-year follow-up of underweight participants for respiratory mortality in the Whitehall study (N=18 823; 2139 respiratory deaths) suggests that excess risk among the underweight is attributable to Reverse Causality. The age-adjusted and smoking-adjusted risk was 1.55-fold (95% CI 1.32 to 1.83) higher among underweight compared with normal weight participants, but attenuated in a stepwise manner to 1.14 (95% CI 0.76 to 1.71) after serial exclusions of deaths during the first 5–35 years of follow-up (Ptrend<0.001).
Robert W. Platt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Breastfeeding and Infant Size: Evidence of Reverse Causality
American journal of epidemiology, 2011Co-Authors: Michael S. Kramer, Erica E. M. Moodie, Mourad Dahhou, Robert W. PlattAbstract:Infants who receive prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding grow more slowly during the first year of life than those who do not. However, infant feeding and growth are dynamic processes in which feeding may affect growth, and prior growth and size may also influence subsequent feeding decisions. The authors carried out an observational analysis of 17,046 Belarusian infants who were recruited between June 1996 and December 1997 and who participated in a cluster-randomized trial of a breastfeeding promotion intervention. To assess the effects of infant size on subsequent feeding, the authors restricted the analysis to infants breastfed (or exclusively breastfed) at the beginning of each follow-up interval and examined associations between weight or length at the beginning of the interval and weaning or discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding by the end of the interval. Smaller size (especially weight for age) was strongly and statistically significantly associated with increased risks of subsequent weaning and of discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratios = 1.2–1.6), especially between 2 and 6 months, even after adjusment for potential confounding factors and clustered measurement. The authors speculate that similar dynamic processes involving infant crying, other signs of hunger, and supplementation/weaning undermine causal inferences about the “effect” of prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding on slower infant growth.
Martin Prince - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Could Reverse Causality or selective mortality explain associations between leg length, skull circumference and dementia? A South Indian cohort study.
International psychogeriatrics, 2010Co-Authors: At Jotheeswaran, Joseph Williams, Robert Stewart, Martin PrinceAbstract:In cross-sectional studies, skull circumference and leg length are often inversely associated with dementia prevalence (Prince et al., in press). Skull circumference and leg length are thought to remain stable across the adult life course, but the associations might yet be explained by Reverse Causality. Weight loss in dementia could lead to loss of subcutaneous scalp fat. Osteoporosis mainly affects trunk proportions (loss of disc space, vertebral fractures and kyphosis), but limited knee extension could also lead to apparent reductions in leg length. No previous studies have assessed changes in these measurements over time in older people with and without dementia. Only two cohort studies have examined the effect of skull circumference (Borenstein et al., 2001) and knee height (Huang et al., 2008) on incident dementia. Even in cohort studies differential mortality can lead to bias.
