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Terri L Messmanmoore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk for Revictimization following interpersonal and noninterpersonal trauma clarifying the role of posttraumatic stress symptoms and trauma related cognitions
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2019Co-Authors: Anna E Jaffe, David Dilillo, Kim L Gratz, Terri L MessmanmooreAbstract:One victimization experience can increase the risk for subsequent victimization, which is known as Revictimization. The aims of this study were to build on sexual Revictimization research by (a) broadening the understanding of Revictimization to interpersonal (and potentially noninterpersonal) trauma generally and (b) gaining specificity in the mechanisms that underlie Revictimization. Using a prospective multisite design, an ethnically and racially diverse sample of 453 young women from the community (age range: 18-25 years, 60.7% European American) completed an initial survey and at least one follow-up survey within the subsequent year. Participants completed self-report measures of trauma history, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions. Structural equation models revealed that interpersonal Revictimization was observed when controlling for past noninterpersonal trauma, odds ratio (OR) = 2.27, 95% CI [1.23, 4.18], and supported the role of posttraumatic stress symptoms as a mechanism underlying such Revictimization, 95% CI of indirect effect (IE) [0.08, 0.51]. Additionally, a history of noninterpersonal trauma (controlling for past interpersonal trauma) increased risk of subsequent interpersonal victimization via posttraumatic stress symptoms, 95% CI of IE [0.01, 0.38]. Notably, however, when maladaptive cognitions were included as mediators in addition to posttraumatic stress symptoms, the only unique indirect effect was for the association between interpersonal trauma and risk of Revictimization specifically through perceived threat of harm, 95% CI of IE [0.05, 0.20]. These findings suggest that efforts to reduce interpersonal Revictimization should target maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions, particularly perceptions of threat in the environment.
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perceived sexual control sex related alcohol expectancies and behavior predict substance related sexual Revictimization
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2013Co-Authors: Kate Walsh, Terri L Messmanmoore, Kathleen A Denardi, Noga Zerubavel, Rachel B Chandley, Dave P WalkerAbstract:Objectives Although numerous studies have documented linkages between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and later sexual Revictimization, mechanisms underlying Revictimization, particularly assaults occurring in the context of substance use, are not well-understood. Consistent with Traumagenic Dynamics theory, the present study tested a path model positing that lowered perceptions of sexual control resulting from CSA may be associated with increased sex-related alcohol expectancies and heightened likelihood of risky sexual behavior, which in turn, may predict adult substance-related rape.
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the role of substance use and emotion dysregulation in predicting risk for incapacitated sexual Revictimization in women results of a prospective investigation
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2013Co-Authors: Terri L Messmanmoore, Rose Marie Ward, Noga ZerubavelAbstract:Incapacitated sexual assault (ISA) is the most common form of sexual victimization experienced by college women. Although ISA victims are at risk for future assaults, few studies have examined mechanisms responsible for ISA Revictimization besides heavy drinking. Using a prospective design, the present study examined whether emotion dysregulation, given its association with interpersonal trauma and substance use, increases risk for Revictimization among women with a history of ISA above and beyond the effects of substance use. Female college students (n = 229) completed a baseline assessment followed by assessment of incapacitated sexual assault over a 9-week follow-up period. Approximately 36% of participants reported a history of ISA, and 73% of those victimized during the study had a history of ISA. Revictimized women reported higher levels of alcohol-related problems, greater marijuana use, greater emotion dysregulation, and higher levels of fear and guilt prior to experiencing ISA during the study; however, they did not consume more alcohol than previously victimized women. In a logistic regression analysis, guilt, emotion dysregulation, and marijuana use accurately classified 78.9% of ISA revictimized women. Women with a history of ISA are at substantial risk for ISA Revictimization. Findings suggest that even very small increases in emotion dysregulation, particularly in impulsivity, as well as marijuana use, impact Revictimization risk substantially. Efficacy of interventions to reduce ISA Revictimization may be improved if emotion dysregulation is addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
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emotion dysregulation and risky sexual behavior in Revictimization
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2010Co-Authors: Terri L Messmanmoore, Kate Walsh, David DililloAbstract:Abstract Objective The current study examined emotion dysregulation as a mechanism underlying risky sexual behavior and sexual Revictimization among adult victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) and child physical abuse (CPA). Methods Participants were 752 college women. Victimization history, emotion dysregulation, and risky sexual behavior were assessed with anonymous, self-report surveys utilizing a cross-sectional design. Results Approximately 6.3% of participants reported CSA, 25.5% reported CPA, and 17.8% reported rape during adolescence or adulthood. CSA and CPA were associated with increased risk for adolescent/adult rape; 29.8% of CSA victims and 24.3% of CPA victims were revictimized. Path analytic models tested hypothesized relationships among child abuse, emotion dysregulation, adolescent/adult rape and three forms of risky sexual behavior (e.g., failure to use condoms, contraception, or having sex with someone under the influence of alcohol/drugs), including frequency of risky sexual behavior with a regular dating partner, with a stranger, and lifetime number of intercourse partners. Emotion dysregulation mediated Revictimization for both CSA and CPA. Emotion dysregulation also predicted lifetime number of sexual partners and frequency of risky sex with a stranger, but not frequency of risky sex with a regular dating partner. Conclusions Findings suggest that emotion dysregulation is a distal predictor, and risky sex, particularly with lesser known partners, is a proximal predictor of sexual Revictimization. Because emotion dysregulation also maintained a significant direct path to Revictimization, risky sexual behavior appears to be one of several proximal risk factors for Revictimization. Practice implications Findings confirm that emotion dysregulation is a critical pathway to more proximal risk factors such as risky sexual behavior, and suggest that clinical interventions aimed at improving emotion dysregulation may help reduce risky sexual behavior and risk for Revictimization.
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severity of child sexual abuse and Revictimization the mediating role of coping and trauma symptoms
Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2009Co-Authors: Michelle A Fortier, Terri L Messmanmoore, David Dilillo, James Peugh, Kathleen A Denardi, Kathryn J GaffeyAbstract:Child sexual abuse (CSA) has consistently been associated with the use of avoidant coping; these coping methods have been associated with increased trauma symptoms, which have, in turn, been linked to increased risk for adult sexual Revictimization. Given these previous findings, the purpose of the current study was to test a model that conceptualized the relationships among these variables. Specifically, CSA severity was conceptualized as leading to the use of avoidant coping, which was proposed to lead to maintenance of trauma symptoms, which would, in turn, impact severity of Revictimization indirectly. This comprehensive model was tested in a cross-sectional study of a large, geographically diverse sample of college women. Participants were 99 female undergraduates classified as having experienced CSA who completed measures of abuse history, coping style, current levels of trauma symptoms, and adult sexual Revictimization. Multivariate path analysis indicated that the data fit the hypothesized model for verbally coercive, but not physically aggressive, Revictimization. Specifically, increased CSA severity was associated with the use of avoidant coping, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of trauma symptomatology and severity of sexual coercion in adulthood. Although cross-sectional in nature, findings from this study suggest that coping strategies and trauma symptoms may represent modifiable factors that place women at increased risk for verbally coercive sexual Revictimization.
David Spiegel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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post traumatic growth dissociation and sexual Revictimization in female childhood sexual abuse survivors
Child Maltreatment, 2020Co-Authors: Yael Lahav, Karni Ginzburg, David SpiegelAbstract:Background:Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors are at high risk of sexual Revictimization. At the same time, some survivors report positive transformations resulting from the traumatic experienc...
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reenacting past abuse identification with the aggressor and sexual Revictimization
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 2019Co-Authors: Yael Lahav, Karni Ginzburg, Anat Talmon, David SpiegelAbstract:Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) poses a risk for sexual Revictimization. Additionally, according to theory CSA may lead to identification with the aggressor, expressed by adopting the perpetrator’s ex...
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recent stressful life events sexual Revictimization and their relationship with traumatic stress symptoms among women sexually abused in childhood
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2002Co-Authors: Catherine C Classen, Cheryl Koopman, Kirsten Nevillmanning, Ruth Nevo, Cheryl Gorefelton, Deborah S Rose, David SpiegelAbstract:This cross-sectional study examined whether previous life stressors are associated with current traumatic stress symptoms in women who were sexually abused in childhood. Fifty-eight treatment-seeking women, sexually abused in childhood and meeting criteria for current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in response to their childhood sexual abuse, participated in this study. Participants were administered a structured interview to assess PTSD as well as selfreport measures to assess acute stress reactions, other trauma-related symptoms, sexual Revictimization as an adult, and recent stressful life events. Recent stressful life events were shown to be associated with PTSD symptoms, acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms, and other trauma-related symptoms. Sexual Revictimization was associated with trauma-related symptoms but not PTSD symptoms or ASD symptoms. Implications for clinical intervention and future research are discussed.
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Revictimization and information processing in women survivors of childhood sexual abuse
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2001Co-Authors: Nigel P Field, Catherine C Classen, Lisa D Butler, Cheryl Koopman, Julia Zarcone, David SpiegelAbstract:This study examined the effect of sexual Revictimization on information processing of trauma-related stimuli in a sample of child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fifty-one treatment-seeking women participated in this study. Participants completed the Sexual Experiences Survey regarding sexual Revictimization in the last 6 months and performed a modified emotional Stroop task in which they named the colors of neutral words (e.g., apple), general threat words (e.g., malignant and death), and sexual/victimization words (e.g., penis and abuser). As predicted, the revictimized participants (n = 16) took significantly longer to color-name sexual/victimization words than did the nonrevictimized participants. These results suggest that Revictimization serves to prime preexisting "trauma" memory networks, thereby amplifying the impact of childhood sexual trauma on selective attention toward trauma-related stimuli.
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interpersonal problems and their relationship to sexual Revictimization among women sexually abused in childhood
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2001Co-Authors: Catherine C Classen, Nigel P Field, Cheryl Koopman, Kirsten Nevillmanning, David SpiegelAbstract:This study examined the relationship between sexual Revictimization and interpersonal problems in a sample of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. Fifty-two treatment-seeking women participated in this study. Research participants completed the Sexual Experiences Survey to assess sexual Revictimization within the past 6 months and completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). Revictimized participants reported overall greater interpersonal problems compared with nonrevictimized participants. Post hoc analyses showed significantly higher interpersonal problem scores for revictimized participants on the Hard to Be Assertive and Too Responsible subscales. On the circumplex IIP, revictimized participants were more socially avoidant, nonassertive, and overly nurturant.
Sarah E Ullman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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predicting sexual assault Revictimization in a longitudinal sample of women survivors variation by type of assault
Violence Against Women, 2017Co-Authors: Mark Relyea, Sarah E UllmanAbstract:This study used a large community sample of women sexual assault survivors to prospectively assess 17 theorized predictors across four types of sexual assault Revictimization: unwanted contact, coercion, substance-involved assault (SIA), and force. Results indicated that predictors varied across types of Revictimization: Unwanted contact and coercion appeared more common in social contexts more hostile toward survivors, whereas forcible assaults and SIAs occurred in circumstances where survivors were vulnerable to being targeted by perpetrators. Overall, the strongest predictors were social environments hostile to survivors, race, childhood sexual abuse, decreased refusal assertiveness, and having more sexual partners. We discuss implications for intervention and research.
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mediators of sexual Revictimization risk in adult sexual assault victims
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2015Co-Authors: Sarah E Ullman, Amanda L VasquezAbstract:This study examined sexual risk behaviors and sexual refusal assertiveness in relationship to child sexual abuse, emotion dysregulation, and adult sexual Revictimization. Path analyses of 1,094 survivors who had sex in the past year were done to examine sexual risk behavior and sexual refusal assertiveness mediational pathways by which child sexual abuse severity and emotion dysregulation may affect Revictimization over one year in adult female sexual assault survivors. Exchanging sex for money and sexual refusal assertiveness were significantly associated with emotion dysregulation, whereas exchanging sex for money, and not sexual refusal assertiveness, was only significantly related to child sexual abuse severity. Both exchanging sex for money and sex refusal assertiveness mediated the relationship between emotion dysregulation and adult sexual Revictimization. Exchanging sex for money mediated the child sexual abuse severity-Revictimization relationship. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering both risky and protective sexual behaviors in research and prevention programming that address sexual Revictimization in women.
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ptsd symptomatology and hazardous drinking as risk factors for sexual assault Revictimization examination in european american and african american women
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2013Co-Authors: Heather Littleton, Sarah E UllmanAbstract:A sexual victimization history is a risk factor for experiencing further sexual victimization. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms have been posited as predictors of Revictimization through multiple pathways, including through their association with risk recognition and alcohol use. There is, however, limited longitudinal research examining these Revictimization risk factors, including the extent to which they predict risk for forcible rape (rape involving threat or force) and incapacitated rape (rape of a victim incapacitated by substances). Additionally, there is no research evaluating ethnic differences in Revictimization risk pathways. The current study examined PTSD symptoms and hazardous drinking as predictors of new forcible and incapacitated rape over 1 year in a community sample of European American (n = 217) and African American (n = 272) sexual assault victims (M = 34 years; 84% high school education or above). We hypothesized that PTSD symptoms would predict both types of Revictimization and hazardous drinking would predict incapacitated rape. Results supported that PTSD symptoms predicted both types of rape (forcible rape, β = .34; incapacitated rape, β = .20), and hazardous drinking predicted incapacitated rape (β = .24). PTSD symptoms predicted hazardous drinking in African American women only (β = .20). Thus, there is a need to evaluate risk pathways for specific types of victimization among diverse samples.
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child sexual abuse post traumatic stress disorder and substance use predictors of Revictimization in adult sexual assault survivors
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2009Co-Authors: Sarah E Ullman, Cynthia J Najdowski, Henrietta H FilipasAbstract:This study examined the unique effects of child sexual abuse simultaneously with post-traumatic stress disorder symptom clusters, problem drinking, and illicit drug use in relation to sexual Revictimization in a community sample of female adult sexual assault victims. Participants (N = 555) completed two surveys a year apart. Child sexual abuse predicted more post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adult sexual assault victims. Post-traumatic stress disorder numbing symptoms directly predicted Revictimization, whereas other post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal) were related to problem drinking, which in turn predicted Revictimization. Thus, numbing symptoms and problem drinking may be independent risk factors for sexual Revictimization in adult sexual assault victims, particularly for women with a history of childhood sexual abuse.
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social support and risk of sexual assault Revictimization
Journal of Community Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Gillian E Mason, Sarah E Ullman, Susan E Long, Ladonna Long, Laura L StarzynskiAbstract:Limited research on Revictimization has examined the role of social support, which is known to affect sexual assault survivors' psychological recovery. Measuring social support also provides a more ecological approach to understanding Revictimization, as it assesses the possible role of those in the survivors' environment. The current study examined how social support and disclosure experiences of 625 community-based survivors related to their Revictimization status over a 12-month period. Results showed differences between revictimized and nonrevictimized survivors in terms of who they disclosed to about their assault. In addition, revictimized survivors received less informational and emotional support and more blaming reactions. Implications for future research regarding using an ecological approach to better understand Revictimization risk are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patricia J Long - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sexual Revictimization and adjustment in college men
Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 2011Co-Authors: Allison C Aosved, Patricia J Long, Emily VollerAbstract:Child sexual abuse (CSA) and adult sexual assault (ASA) occur at alarming rates in the United States and are associated with a number of adult psychological adjustment problems. Moreover, having a history of CSA may increase risk for sexual victimization in adulthood (Revictimization). A number of studies explore the issues of CSA, ASA, Revictimization, and adjustment in women, but far fewer studies investigate these issues in men. This study explored the phenomenon of sexual Revictimization and related adjustment difficulties in 1,002 male college students who completed the Life Experiences Questionnaire, an expanded version of the Sexual Experiences Survey, and the Symptom Checklist-90—Revised. Results indicated that male CSA survivors are more likely than nonvictims to experience ASA and that sexual victimization and Revictimization are related to increased adult adjustment difficulties in the forms of posttraumatic stress, hostility, depression, and general distress. Research and clinical implications are discussed, such as the need to assess male psychotherapy clients for sexual victimization and Revictimization histories and the need for research on the mechanisms resulting in psychological adjustment difficulties in male survivors of sexual victimization and Revictimization.
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the role of childhood sexual abuse sequelae in the sexual Revictimization of women an empirical review and theoretical reformulation
Clinical Psychology Review, 2003Co-Authors: Terri L Messmanmoore, Patricia J LongAbstract:There is now widespread empirical evidence that child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors are at greater risk for sexual Revictimization in adulthood, but less is known of the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Despite the lack of a conceptual framework to guide research, there has been a recent influx of studies examining explanatory variables, with most focusing on the psychological sequelae of CSA: alcohol and drug use, sexual behavior, dissociation, posttraumatic symptomatology, poor risk recognition, and interpersonal difficulties. With the exception of sexual behavior, the studies reviewed here provide limited or mixed support for the role of intrapersonal factors in Revictimization. Future research may benefit from a focus on the function of psychological distress that is expressed as psychological vulnerability, as opposed to individual forms of psychopathology or maladaptive behavior. An ecological framework may be useful as a guide to future investigations, as this model focuses on factors outside of the victim, including childhood factors such as family environment, contextual factors including the behavior of the perpetrator, and societal and cultural factors that impact Revictimization. Future investigations should focus on the interaction between victim vulnerability and perpetrator behavior. Implications for prevention programming, clinical intervention, and future research are discussed.
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the Revictimization of child sexual abuse survivors an examination of the adjustment of college women with child sexual abuse adult sexual assault and adult physical abuse
Child Maltreatment, 2000Co-Authors: Terri L Messmanmoore, Patricia J Long, Nicole J SiegfriedAbstract:Child sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with greater vulnerability to victimization in adulthood. Such experiences may have a cumulative effect. This study compared the adjustment of 633 women experiencing Revictimization, multiple adult victimizations, single adult victimization, CSA only, or no victimization. Somatization, depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology were examined. Results support the cumulative effect of trauma but do not indicate differential effects for child to adult Revictimization. Women with Revictimization and multiple adult assaults reported more difficulties compared to women with only one form of adult abuse or no victimization. Women with CSA only reported similar symptoms as revictimized women and women with multiple adult assaults reported higher levels of distress than nonabused women and appeared somewhat more likely to experience anxiety and PTSD-related symptoms as compared to women with only adult abuse. Women with adult assault only and no abuse reported similar levels of distress.
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child sexual abuse and its relationship to Revictimization in adult women a review
Clinical Psychology Review, 1996Co-Authors: Terri L Messman, Patricia J LongAbstract:Abstract Revictimization is defined as the experience of both childhood sexual abuse and later sexual or physical abuse as an adult. Although clinically it is generally well accepted that women with a history of childhood sexual abuse are more likely than women without such a history to experience adult assault, little systematic investigation of this question has been conducted and no review of the literature on this topic is available. Several theoretical models have been suggested to account for the Revictimization phenomena. This review outlines the theoretical positions that have been formulated to account for Revictimization in women, examines the literature available concerning Revictimization both in the form of adult sexual and physical assault, and considers impact of Revictimization on women's later adjustment. Research in the area reveals that women who were sexually abused as children are significantly more likely to experience abuse as adults as compared to women who have not had such an experience in childhood. Conclusions about the state of the literature are discussed, and clinical and research implications are examined.
David Dilillo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk for Revictimization following interpersonal and noninterpersonal trauma clarifying the role of posttraumatic stress symptoms and trauma related cognitions
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2019Co-Authors: Anna E Jaffe, David Dilillo, Kim L Gratz, Terri L MessmanmooreAbstract:One victimization experience can increase the risk for subsequent victimization, which is known as Revictimization. The aims of this study were to build on sexual Revictimization research by (a) broadening the understanding of Revictimization to interpersonal (and potentially noninterpersonal) trauma generally and (b) gaining specificity in the mechanisms that underlie Revictimization. Using a prospective multisite design, an ethnically and racially diverse sample of 453 young women from the community (age range: 18-25 years, 60.7% European American) completed an initial survey and at least one follow-up survey within the subsequent year. Participants completed self-report measures of trauma history, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions. Structural equation models revealed that interpersonal Revictimization was observed when controlling for past noninterpersonal trauma, odds ratio (OR) = 2.27, 95% CI [1.23, 4.18], and supported the role of posttraumatic stress symptoms as a mechanism underlying such Revictimization, 95% CI of indirect effect (IE) [0.08, 0.51]. Additionally, a history of noninterpersonal trauma (controlling for past interpersonal trauma) increased risk of subsequent interpersonal victimization via posttraumatic stress symptoms, 95% CI of IE [0.01, 0.38]. Notably, however, when maladaptive cognitions were included as mediators in addition to posttraumatic stress symptoms, the only unique indirect effect was for the association between interpersonal trauma and risk of Revictimization specifically through perceived threat of harm, 95% CI of IE [0.05, 0.20]. These findings suggest that efforts to reduce interpersonal Revictimization should target maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions, particularly perceptions of threat in the environment.
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emotion dysregulation and risky sexual behavior in Revictimization
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2010Co-Authors: Terri L Messmanmoore, Kate Walsh, David DililloAbstract:Abstract Objective The current study examined emotion dysregulation as a mechanism underlying risky sexual behavior and sexual Revictimization among adult victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) and child physical abuse (CPA). Methods Participants were 752 college women. Victimization history, emotion dysregulation, and risky sexual behavior were assessed with anonymous, self-report surveys utilizing a cross-sectional design. Results Approximately 6.3% of participants reported CSA, 25.5% reported CPA, and 17.8% reported rape during adolescence or adulthood. CSA and CPA were associated with increased risk for adolescent/adult rape; 29.8% of CSA victims and 24.3% of CPA victims were revictimized. Path analytic models tested hypothesized relationships among child abuse, emotion dysregulation, adolescent/adult rape and three forms of risky sexual behavior (e.g., failure to use condoms, contraception, or having sex with someone under the influence of alcohol/drugs), including frequency of risky sexual behavior with a regular dating partner, with a stranger, and lifetime number of intercourse partners. Emotion dysregulation mediated Revictimization for both CSA and CPA. Emotion dysregulation also predicted lifetime number of sexual partners and frequency of risky sex with a stranger, but not frequency of risky sex with a regular dating partner. Conclusions Findings suggest that emotion dysregulation is a distal predictor, and risky sex, particularly with lesser known partners, is a proximal predictor of sexual Revictimization. Because emotion dysregulation also maintained a significant direct path to Revictimization, risky sexual behavior appears to be one of several proximal risk factors for Revictimization. Practice implications Findings confirm that emotion dysregulation is a critical pathway to more proximal risk factors such as risky sexual behavior, and suggest that clinical interventions aimed at improving emotion dysregulation may help reduce risky sexual behavior and risk for Revictimization.
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severity of child sexual abuse and Revictimization the mediating role of coping and trauma symptoms
Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2009Co-Authors: Michelle A Fortier, Terri L Messmanmoore, David Dilillo, James Peugh, Kathleen A Denardi, Kathryn J GaffeyAbstract:Child sexual abuse (CSA) has consistently been associated with the use of avoidant coping; these coping methods have been associated with increased trauma symptoms, which have, in turn, been linked to increased risk for adult sexual Revictimization. Given these previous findings, the purpose of the current study was to test a model that conceptualized the relationships among these variables. Specifically, CSA severity was conceptualized as leading to the use of avoidant coping, which was proposed to lead to maintenance of trauma symptoms, which would, in turn, impact severity of Revictimization indirectly. This comprehensive model was tested in a cross-sectional study of a large, geographically diverse sample of college women. Participants were 99 female undergraduates classified as having experienced CSA who completed measures of abuse history, coping style, current levels of trauma symptoms, and adult sexual Revictimization. Multivariate path analysis indicated that the data fit the hypothesized model for verbally coercive, but not physically aggressive, Revictimization. Specifically, increased CSA severity was associated with the use of avoidant coping, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of trauma symptomatology and severity of sexual coercion in adulthood. Although cross-sectional in nature, findings from this study suggest that coping strategies and trauma symptoms may represent modifiable factors that place women at increased risk for verbally coercive sexual Revictimization.