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Harvey Hugo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Revisitando o ponto de inflexão interamericano na Guerra Fria
'Humanidades: Revista de la Univeridad de Montevideo', 2020Co-Authors: Harvey HugoAbstract:Since the end of the Cold War the academic world has recognized the need to analyze it under the prism of local conflicts developed in the «periphery», modifying the analysis and classical historiographies, highlighting the role of secondary actors in the game of ideological confrontation and valuing the independence of their actions. This historiographic awakening, together with the declassification of superpower archives, has helped to contribute to «historical Revisionism», regarding the effectiveness, configuration, intensity or modality of US actions in its interaction with Latin American governments. However, historiographic gaps persist, such as the case of the Dominican Republic crisis in 1965, the intervention of the United States and the formation of the Inter-American Peace Force of the Organization of American States. In the absence of studies, this article revises the events, providing new background and findings, obtained from the analysis of declassified documentation and field interviews. In this way, the facts are rescued as «the» inter-American turning point during the Cold War, demonstrating its connection with other conflicts and its articulation by the United States to increase the perception of the communist threat and the climate of global insecurity.Concluida la Guerra Fría el mundo académico ha reconocido la necesidad de analizarla bajo el prisma de los conflictos locales desarrollados en la «periferia», modificando los análisis e historiografías clásicas, destacando el rol de los actores secundarios en el juego de enfrentamiento ideológico y valorando la independencia de sus acciones. Este despertar historiográfico, junto con la desclasificación de archivos de las superpotencias, ha permitido coadyuvar al «Revisionismo histórico», respecto a la efectividad, configuración, intensidad o modalidad de las acciones estadounidenses en su interacción con los gobiernos latinoamericanos. Sin embargo, aún persisten vacíos historiográficos, tal como el caso de la crisis de República Dominicana en 1965, la intervención de Estados Unidos y la conformación de la Fuerza Interamericana de la Paz de la Organización de Estados Americanos. Ante la ausencia de estudios, el presente artículo revisita los acontecimientos, aportando nuevos antecedentes y hallazgos, obtenidos del análisis de documentación desclasificada y entrevistas en terreno. De esta forma, los hechos se rescatan como «el» punto de inflexión interamericano en la Guerra Fría, demostrando su conexión con otros conflictos y su articulación por parte de Estados Unidos para incrementar la percepción de la amenaza comunista y el clima de inseguridad global.Concluída a Guerra Fria, o mundo acadêmico reconheceu a necessidade de analisála sob o prisma dos conflitos locais desenvolvidos na «periferia», modificando a análise e as historiografias clássicas, destacando o papel dos atores secundários no jogo do confronto ideológico e valorizando o Independência de suas ações. Esse despertar historiográfico, juntamente com a desclassificação dos arquivos das superpotências, ajudou a contribuir para o «Revisionismo histórico», no que diz respeito à eficácia, configuração, intensidade ou modalidade das ações americanas em sua interação com os governos latino-americanos. No entanto, persistem lacunas historiográficas, como o caso da crise na República Dominicana em 1965, a intervenção dos Estados Unidos e a formação da Força Interamericana de Paz da Organização dos Estados Americanos. Na ausência de estudos, este artigo revisa os eventos, fornecendo novos antecedentes e descobertas, obtidas a partir da análise de documentação desclassificada e entrevistas de campo. Dessa maneira, os fatos são resgatados como «o» ponto de virada interamericano na Guerra Fria, demonstrando sua conexão com outros conflitos e sua articulação pelos Estados Unidos para aumentar a percepção da ameaça comunista e o clima de insegurança global
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Revisitando o ponto de inflexão interamericano na Guerra Fria: a crise dominicana de 1965, a intervenção dos Estados Unidos e a Força Interamericana de Paz
'Humanidades: Revista de la Univeridad de Montevideo', 2020Co-Authors: Harvey HugoAbstract:Since the end of the Cold War the academic world has recognized the need to analyze it under the prism of local conflicts developed in the «periphery», modifying the analysis and classical historiographies, highlighting the role of secondary actors in the game of ideological confrontation and valuing the independence of their actions. This historiographic awakening, together with the declassification of superpower archives, has helped to contribute to «historical Revisionism», regarding the effectiveness, configuration, intensity or modality of US actions in its interaction with Latin American governments. However, historiographic gaps persist, such as the case of the Dominican Republic crisis in 1965, the intervention of the United States and the formation of the Inter-American Peace Force of the Organization of American States. In the absence of studies, this article revises the events, providing new background and findings, obtained from the analysis of declassified documentation and field interviews. In this way, the facts are rescued as «the» inter-American turning point during the Cold War, demonstrating its connection with other conflicts and its articulation by the United States to increase the perception of the communist threat and the climate of global insecurity.Concluida la Guerra Fría el mundo académico ha reconocido la necesidad de analizarla bajo el prisma de los conflictos locales desarrollados en la «periferia», modificando los análisis e historiografías clásicas, destacando el rol de los actores secundarios en el juego de enfrentamiento ideológico y valorando la independencia de sus acciones. Este despertar historiográfico, junto con la desclasificación de archivos de las superpotencias, ha permitido coadyuvar al «Revisionismo histórico», respecto a la efectividad, configuración, intensidad o modalidad de las acciones estadounidenses en su interacción con los gobiernos latinoamericanos. Sin embargo, aún persisten vacíos historiográficos, tal como el caso de la crisis de República Dominicana en 1965, la intervención de Estados Unidos y la conformación de la Fuerza Interamericana de la Paz de la Organización de Estados Americanos. Ante la ausencia de estudios, el presente artículo revisita los acontecimientos, aportando nuevos antecedentes y hallazgos, obtenidos del análisis de documentación desclasificada y entrevistas en terreno. De esta forma, los hechos se rescatan como «el» punto de inflexión interamericano en la Guerra Fría, demostrando su conexión con otros conflictos y su articulación por parte de Estados Unidos para incrementar la percepción de la amenaza comunista y el clima de inseguridad global.Concluída a Guerra Fria, o mundo acadêmico reconheceu a necessidade de analisála sob o prisma dos conflitos locais desenvolvidos na «periferia», modificando a análise e as historiografias clássicas, destacando o papel dos atores secundários no jogo do confronto ideológico e valorizando o Independência de suas ações. Esse despertar historiográfico, juntamente com a desclassificação dos arquivos das superpotências, ajudou a contribuir para o «Revisionismo histórico», no que diz respeito à eficácia, configuração, intensidade ou modalidade das ações americanas em sua interação com os governos latino-americanos. No entanto, persistem lacunas historiográficas, como o caso da crise na República Dominicana em 1965, a intervenção dos Estados Unidos e a formação da Força Interamericana de Paz da Organização dos Estados Americanos. Na ausência de estudos, este artigo revisa os eventos, fornecendo novos antecedentes e descobertas, obtidas a partir da análise de documentação desclassificada e entrevistas de campo. Dessa maneira, os fatos são resgatados como «o» ponto de virada interamericano na Guerra Fria, demonstrando sua conexão com outros conflitos e sua articulação pelos Estados Unidos para aumentar a percepção da ameaça comunista e o clima de insegurança global
Robert Perry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Revising Irish history: The Northern Ireland conflict and the war of ideas
2016Co-Authors: Robert PerryAbstract:Power-sharing government resumed in Northern Ireland on 8 May 2007 after a historic agreement was reached between the Democratic Unionist Party and Sinn Fein. Unionist Ian Paisley became First Minister and Sinn Fein’s Martin McGuinness, former Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), became Deputy First Minister. The Provisional Republican movement has signed up to the decommissioning of weapons and policing in Northern Ireland; and hard-line Unionism has signed up to power-sharing and cross-border bodies. For the vast majority in Northern Ireland the conflict is over after almost a century of political turmoil and more than a generation of violent conflict. It is fitting, therefore, to examine the ‘war of ideas ’ in the revisionist controversy that dominated Irish historiography throughout the period of this conflict. The purpose of this article is to offer an overview of this controversy. The writing on the Easter Rising of 1916 serves to illuminate the discussion and will aid in answering the issue of what the revisionist controversy is all about. In this article Revisionism is defined as a re-examination of the ideological roots of current orthodoxy in response to the contemporary conflict in Northern Ireland. The article look
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revising irish history the northern ireland conflict and the war of ideas
Journal of European Studies, 2010Co-Authors: Robert PerryAbstract:Power-sharing government resumed in Northern Ireland on 8 May 2007 after a historic agreement was reached between the Democratic Unionist Party and Sinn Fein. Unionist Ian Paisley became First Minister and Sinn Fein’s Martin McGuinness, former Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), became Deputy First Minister. The Provisional Republican movement has signed up to the decommissioning of weapons and policing in Northern Ireland; and hard-line Unionism has signed up to power-sharing and cross-border bodies. For the vast majority in Northern Ireland the conflict is over after almost a century of political turmoil and more than a generation of violent conflict. It is fitting, therefore, to examine the ‘war of ideas’ in the revisionist controversy that dominated Irish historiography throughout the period of this conflict. The purpose of this article is to offer an overview of this controversy. The writing on the Easter Rising of 1916 serves to illuminate the discussion and will aid in answering the issue of what the revisionist controversy is all about. In this article Revisionism is defined as a re-examination of the ideological roots of current orthodoxy in response to the contemporary conflict in Northern Ireland. The article looks at how a variety of historians have reacted to this violent crisis, and how they concluded that Revisionism was necessary: that is, how the deconstruction and re-evaluation of ideology and a new interpretation of history are crucial in understanding such crises of violence (and perhaps thereby defusing the tension). The article examines the nature and extent of this revisionist intellectual response. It recognizes that even though intellectuals are influenced by political conflicts, they do not necessarily follow political agendas.
Krelekrele Thembela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of Highly Enriched Uranium in South Africa’s nuclear diplomacy
'University of the Western Cape Library Service', 2021Co-Authors: Krelekrele ThembelaAbstract:Masters of CommerceHighly enriched uranium (HEU) is one of the most dangerous materials in the world, because it is a key ingredient in making a nuclear bomb. If a terrorist organisation can get HEU, it would be close to making a nuclear bomb. After South Africa disarmed its nuclear weapons, it kept HEU that was extracted from the nuclear bombs. The US tried to persuade South Africa to blend down its HEU into low enriched uranium (LEU) or give it up for safekeeping. However, South Africa refused to give it up. After a breach at Pelindaba, a national key point facility where South Africa stores its HEU, the US intensified its efforts to pressure South Africa to give its HEU up. It even promised incentives to South Africa should they agree to give it up, but South Africa refused. The US used the nuclear terrorism narrative to justify its initiative to eliminate vulnerable materials in the world. However, South Africa is yet to be swayed. This is odd since South Africa's refusal can negatively affect its credentials as a nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament champion and its image as a norm entrepreneur. The objective of the study was to understand the role played by HEU in South Africa's nuclear diplomacy. It was to explore HEU as a factor in the state's nuclear diplomacy and to understand the power of having HEU in nuclear negotiations, as well as what SA intends to do with its HEU. The study is framed theoretically by drawing on foreign policy theory, namely middle-power theory, and Revisionism. It juxtaposed middle power, reformist, and revisionist positions with status quo foreign policy to analyse the role of HEU in South Africa's nuclear diplomacy. As a middle power with a moral high ground, South Africa hoped that it can affect change in the nuclear regime. However, when this did not occur its foreign policy shifted to a revisionist character that is discontent with the status quo in the nuclear regime. SA is dissatisfied with the current nuclear order and wants it revised towards liberal values such as equality and nondiscrimination. It views the current nuclear order as nuclear apartheid
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The role of Highly Enriched Uranium in South Africa’s nuclear diplomacy
'University of the Western Cape Library Service', 2021Co-Authors: Krelekrele ThembelaAbstract:Masters of CommerceHighly enriched uranium (HEU) is one of the most dangerous materials in the world, because it is a key ingredient in making a nuclear bomb. If a terrorist organisation can get HEU, it would be close to making a nuclear bomb. After South Africa disarmed its nuclear weapons, it kept HEU that was extracted from the nuclear bombs. The US tried to persuade South Africa to blend down its HEU into low enriched uranium (LEU) or give it up for safekeeping. However, South Africa refused to give it up. After a breach at Pelindaba, a national key point facility where South Africa stores its HEU, the US intensified its efforts to pressure South Africa to give its HEU up. It even promised incentives to South Africa should they agree to give it up, but South Africa refused. The US used the nuclear terrorism narrative to justify its initiative to eliminate vulnerable materials in the world. However, South Africa is yet to be swayed. This is odd since South Africa's refusal can negatively affect its credentials as a nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament champion and its image as a norm entrepreneur. The objective of the study was to understand the role played by HEU in South Africa's nuclear diplomacy. It was to explore HEU as a factor in the state's nuclear diplomacy and to understand the power of having HEU in nuclear negotiations, as well as what SA intends to do with its HEU. The study is framed theoretically by drawing on foreign policy theory, namely middle-power theory, and Revisionism. It juxtaposed middle power, reformist, and revisionist positions with status quo foreign policy to analyse the role of HEU in South Africa's nuclear diplomacy. As a middle power with a moral high ground, South Africa hoped that it can affect change in the nuclear regime. However, when this did not occur its foreign policy shifted to a revisionist character that is discontent with the status quo in the nuclear regime. SA is dissatisfied with the current nuclear order and wants it revised towards liberal values such as equality and non-discrimination. It views the current nuclear order as nuclear apartheid. Therefore, South Africa uses HEU as leverage against nuclear weapon states in nuclear diplomacy. It is using HEU as an act of defiance against nuclear weapon states (such as the US) that are yet to disarm their nuclear weapons
Maysam Behravesh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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State Revisionism and ontological (in)security in international politics: the complicated case of Iran and its nuclear behavior
Journal of International Relations and Development, 2018Co-Authors: Maysam BehraveshAbstract:Despite continuing to be a strong tendency in international relations today, “state Revisionism” has been theoretically and empirically understudied. This article attempts to fill the lacuna by further conceptualizing Revisionism and subsequently investigating its relationship with ontological (in)security through studying the ways in which revisionist states envision their identities and interests and take measures to secure them. It argues that revisionists define their relationship with outside “Others” primarily in terms of dissatisfaction and self-extending change and thus find themselves operating within an enmity-centric “Hobbesian culture of anarchy,” which may ironically serve as a source of ontological security due to the consequent “singularity” status it confers upon them. By opposing the prevailing status quo, however, revisionists are likely to subject themselves to a “geopolitics of exclusion,” which in turn helps render them more prone to feelings of ontological insecurity. To instantiate the theory, I focus on Iran and its nuclear behavior, contending that it represents a case of “thin Revisionism” aimed at attaining ontological security, but which also entails undesirable consequences that generate ontological insecurity. The case furthermore reveals the limits of seeking ontological security, suggesting that the degree of Revisionism is usually checked by existential fears of threat to survival.
Robert M Uriu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clinton and japan the impact of Revisionism on us trade policy
Research Papers in Economics, 2009Co-Authors: Robert M UriuAbstract:SETTING THE STAGE: THE RISE OF Revisionism 1. Explaining the Framework Negotiations 2. Traditionalist Views and the Emergence of Revisionism 3. "The Japan Problem": The Coalescence of the Revisionist Paradigm THE CLINTON TRANSITION: INSTITUTIONALIZING REVISIONIST ASSUMPTIONS 4. Out with the Old, In with the New 5. Implementing the New Japan Policy CONTESTED NORMS, REJECTED NORMS 6. Getting to No: The Evolution of Japan's Rejectionist Line 7. Negotiating the Framework: Doomed from the Start? 8. The Auto End Game: From Potential Blowup to Anticlimax 9. The Return to Balance
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clinton and japan the impact of Revisionism on us trade policy
OUP Catalogue, 2009Co-Authors: Robert M UriuAbstract:This book chronicles how a controversial set of policy assumptions about the Japanese economy, known as Revisionism, rose to become the basis of the trade policy approach of the Clinton administration. In the context of growing fear over Japan's increasing economic strength, revisionists argued that Japan represented a distinctive form of capitalism that was inherently closed to imports and that posed a threat to U.S. high-tech industries. Revisionists advocated a "managed trade" solution in which the Japanese government would be forced to set aside a share of the market for foreign goods. The author describes the role that various American academics, government officials, and business leaders played in developing revisionist thought. Revisionism was at its peak just as the Clinton administration came into office. The author uses extensive interviews with policy makers to trace the internal discussions inside the Clinton White House, which culminated in the adoption of revisionist policy and then to demands for "results-oriented" trade agreements during the Framework negotiations. This book details how Japan refused to accept these managed trade solutions, and fought to discredit Revisionism and to rally global support against American unilateralism.
