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Baoru Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enzymatic acylation of blackcurrant Ribes Nigrum anthocyanins and evaluation of lipophilic properties and antioxidant capacity of derivatives
Food Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Wei Yang, Maaria Kortesniemi, Jie Zheng, Baoru YangAbstract:Anthocyanin-rich fractions isolated from blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) including delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were enzymatically acylated with lauric acid. All the four anthocyanins were successfully monoacylated, and their relative proportions did not affect the conversion yield. The acylation occurred at the 6″-OH position of the glucosides and at the rhamnose 4‴-OH of the rutinosides. The rutinoside moieties of the anthocyanins were successfully acylated for the first time, and the corresponding acylation sites were verified by NMR analysis. The acylation enhanced the lipophilicity. The hydrophilic anthocyanin rutinosides were more lipophilic after acylation. Introducing lauric acid into the anthocyanins significantly improved the thermostability and capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation and maintained UV-vis absorbance and antioxidant activity. This research provides important insights into acylation of mixed anthocyanins with different glycosyl moieties.
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compositional diversity among blackcurrant Ribes Nigrum cultivars originating from european countries
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Ye Tian, Oskar Laaksonen, Heta Haikonen, Anita Vanag, Huma Ejaz, Kaisa M Linderborg, Saila Karhu, Baoru YangAbstract:Berries representing 21 cultivars of blackcurrant were analyzed using liquid chromatographic, gas chromatographic, and mass spectrometric methods coupled with multivariate models. This study pinpointed compositional variation among cultivars of different origins cultivated in the same location during two seasons. The chemical profiles of blackcurrants varied significantly among cultivars and growing years. The key differences among cultivars of Scottish, Lithuanian, and Finnish origins were in the contents of phenolic acids (23 vs 16 vs 19 mg/100 g on average, respectively), mainly as 5- O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4- O-coumaroylglucose, ( E)-coumaroyloxymethylene-glucopyranosyloxy-( Z)-butenenitrile, and 1- O-feruloylglucose. The Scottish cultivars were grouped on the basis of the 3- O-glycosides of delphinidin and cyanidin, as were the Lithuanian cultivars. Among the Finnish samples, the content of myricetin 3- O-glycosides, 4- O-caffeoylglucose, 1- O-coumaroylglucose, and 4- O-coumaroylglucose were significantly different between the two green-fruited cultivars and the black-fruited cultivars. The samples from the studied years differed in the content of phenolic acid derivatives, quercetin glycosides, monosaccharides, and citric acid.
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profiles of volatile compounds in blackcurrant Ribes Nigrum cultivars with a special focus on the influence of growth latitude and weather conditions
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Alexis Marsolvall, Saila Karhu, Heikki Kallio, Maaria Kortesniemi, Baoru YangAbstract:The volatile profiles of three blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) cultivars grown in Finland and their responses to growth latitude and weather conditions were studied over an 8 year period by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas-chromatographic–mass-spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. Monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes were the major classes of volatiles. The cultivar ‘Melalahti’ presented lower contents of volatiles compared with ‘Ola’ and ‘Mortti’, which showed very similar compositions. Higher contents of volatiles were found in berries cultivated at the higher latitude (66° 34′ N) than in those from the southern location (60° 23′ N). Among the meteorological variables, radiation and temperature during the last month before harvest were negatively linked with the volatile content. Storage time had a negative impact on the amount of blackcurrant volatiles.
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triacylglycerol biosynthesis in developing Ribes Nigrum and Ribes rubrum seeds from gene expression to oil composition
Food Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Anssi L Vuorinen, Kaisa M Linderborg, Saila Karhu, Baoru Yang, Marika Kalpio, Kati B Hoppula, Heikki KallioAbstract:Oils with sufficient contents of fatty acids, which can be metabolized into precursors of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, have potential health effects. Ribes sp. seed oil is rich in α-linolenic, γ-linolenic and stearidonic acids belonging to this fatty acid group. Only a few previous studies exist on Ribes sp. gene expression. We followed the seed oil biosynthesis of four Ribes Nigrum and two Ribes rubrum cultivars at different developmental stages over 2 years in Southern and Northern Finland with a 686 km latitudinal difference. The species and the developmental stage were the most important factors causing differences in gene expression levels and oil composition. Differences between cultivars were detected in some cases, but year and location had only small effects. However, expression of the gene encoding Δ(9)-desaturase in R. Nigrum was affected by location. Triacylglycerol biosynthesis in Ribes sp. was distinctly buffered and typically followed a certain path, regardless of growth environment.
Heikki Kallio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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profiles of volatile compounds in blackcurrant Ribes Nigrum cultivars with a special focus on the influence of growth latitude and weather conditions
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Alexis Marsolvall, Saila Karhu, Heikki Kallio, Maaria Kortesniemi, Baoru YangAbstract:The volatile profiles of three blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) cultivars grown in Finland and their responses to growth latitude and weather conditions were studied over an 8 year period by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas-chromatographic–mass-spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. Monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes were the major classes of volatiles. The cultivar ‘Melalahti’ presented lower contents of volatiles compared with ‘Ola’ and ‘Mortti’, which showed very similar compositions. Higher contents of volatiles were found in berries cultivated at the higher latitude (66° 34′ N) than in those from the southern location (60° 23′ N). Among the meteorological variables, radiation and temperature during the last month before harvest were negatively linked with the volatile content. Storage time had a negative impact on the amount of blackcurrant volatiles.
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triacylglycerol biosynthesis in developing Ribes Nigrum and Ribes rubrum seeds from gene expression to oil composition
Food Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Anssi L Vuorinen, Kaisa M Linderborg, Saila Karhu, Baoru Yang, Marika Kalpio, Kati B Hoppula, Heikki KallioAbstract:Oils with sufficient contents of fatty acids, which can be metabolized into precursors of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, have potential health effects. Ribes sp. seed oil is rich in α-linolenic, γ-linolenic and stearidonic acids belonging to this fatty acid group. Only a few previous studies exist on Ribes sp. gene expression. We followed the seed oil biosynthesis of four Ribes Nigrum and two Ribes rubrum cultivars at different developmental stages over 2 years in Southern and Northern Finland with a 686 km latitudinal difference. The species and the developmental stage were the most important factors causing differences in gene expression levels and oil composition. Differences between cultivars were detected in some cases, but year and location had only small effects. However, expression of the gene encoding Δ(9)-desaturase in R. Nigrum was affected by location. Triacylglycerol biosynthesis in Ribes sp. was distinctly buffered and typically followed a certain path, regardless of growth environment.
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orosensory profiles and chemical composition of black currant Ribes Nigrum juice and fractions of press residue
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Mari Sandell, Oskar Laaksonen, Riikka Jarvinen, Nina Rostiala, Terhi Pohjanheimo, Katja Tiitinen, Heikki KallioAbstract:Fractionation of black currant (Ribes Nigrum) by juice pressing, four ethanol extractions, ethanol evaporation, and supercritical fluid extraction was studied. Phenolic compounds, sugars, and acids...
R M Brennan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the use of genotyping by sequencing in blackcurrant Ribes Nigrum developing high resolution linkage maps in species without reference genome sequences
Molecular Breeding, 2014Co-Authors: Joanne Russell, Pete E. Hedley, Linzi Jorgensen, Sandra Gordon, Christine A. Hackett, Micha Bayer, Hui Liu, Linda Milne, David Marshall, R M BrennanAbstract:A genotyping by sequencing (GbS) approach is reported in blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) using a de novo read assembly method developed because of the current absence of a reference genome sequence for this species. A new approach to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype calling is described, where individual genotypes for a large number of SNPs were characterised from the GbS counts using a novel method based on a functional regression of major and minor allele read counts. The high-quality GbS SNPs were combined with SNPs and simple sequence repeats generated from other technologies to develop a linkage map with increased marker density and improved genome coverage, containing up to 204 SNPs on each linkage group. SNPs of lower quality were then located on the map using quantitative trait locus (QTL) interval mapping of the proportion of the major allele. Two QTL each for 100-berry weight and Brix scores, measured over three years, were identified using the map. The use of this approach to identify and map a significant number of novel SNPs in a woody species with hitherto limited genomic resources may have generic application to other under-resourced and minor species in the development of cost-effective and efficient high-density genetic maps.
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effects of drought stress during flowering of two pot grown blackcurrant Ribes Nigrum l cultivars
Scientia Horticulturae, 2013Co-Authors: Natasa Cerekovic, R M Brennan, Hanne Lakkenborg Kristensen, Majken Pagter, Hanne Lindhard Pedersen, Karen Koefoed PetersenAbstract:a b s t r a c t The drought stress tolerance of two blackcurrant cultivars (Ribes Nigrum L., 'Narve Viking' and 'Ben Gairn') during the flowering period and their ability to recover following drought stress were studied by examin- ing the effects of drought stress on growth and various physiological traits. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions, and plants were either fully irrigated (FI), with a volume of water replac- ing the previous day's evapotranspiration, or non-irrigated (NI) for 12 days. Hereafter irrigation was continued (FI) or resumed (NI) to allow for 17 days of recovery. Drought stress reduced the accumulated evapotranspiration of both cultivars mainly due to stomatal closure and a reduced leaf area. Stomata were more open in the morning than at midday, which could be attributed to an increase in vapour pressure deficit (VPD) at midday. Moreover, stomatal conductance (gs) varied between days of treatment, possibly due to differences in air temperature and VPD. Drought stress reduced the leaf water potential ( l), osmotic potential ( ) and turgor potential ( p) of both cultivars, but more so in 'Narve Viking' than in 'Ben Gairn', indicating that 'Narve Viking' was most affected by drought stress. In both cultivars osmotic adjustment only slightly contributed to turgor maintenance. In both cultivars, the drought stress significantly reduced leaf and flower dry weight and there was no regrowth of flowers after 17 days of recovery. In 'Ben Gairn' the aerial biomass accumulation after 12 days of drought stress was less reduced and regrowth of roots during the recovery phase was faster than in 'Narve Viking'. This indicates that 'Ben Gairn' was more tolerant of drought stress and recovered better than 'Narve Viking' but may also to some extent reflect differences in plant size. However, a slow regrowth of roots and high N uptake activity of drought stressed 'Narve Viking' at the end of the recovery phase indicated that this cultivar was slowly recovering too. The presented results stress the importance of installing irrigation systems in blackcurrant orchards during flowering and can assist the selection of drought stress tolerant cultivars in blackcurrant breeding programs.
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identification utilisation and mapping of novel transcriptome based markers from blackcurrant Ribes Nigrum
BMC Plant Biology, 2011Co-Authors: Joanne Russell, Pete E. Hedley, Linzi Jorgensen, Christine A. Hackett, Linda Cardle, Micha Bayer, Clare Booth, Jenny Morris, R M BrennanAbstract:Deep-level second generation sequencing (2GS) technologies are now being applied to non-model species as a viable and favourable alternative to Sanger sequencing. Large-scale SNP discovery was undertaken in blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) using transcriptome-based 2GS 454 sequencing on the parental genotypes of a reference mapping population, to generate large numbers of novel markers for the construction of a high-density linkage map. Over 700,000 reads were produced, from which a total of 7,000 SNPs were found. A subset of polymorphic SNPs was selected to develop a 384-SNP OPA assay using the Illumina BeadXpress platform. Additionally, the data enabled identification of 3,000 novel EST-SSRs. The selected SNPs and SSRs were validated across diverse Ribes germplasm, including mapping populations and other selected Ribes species. SNP-based maps were developed from two blackcurrant mapping populations, incorporating 48% and 27% of assayed SNPs respectively. A relatively high proportion of visually monomorphic SNPs were investigated further by quantitative trait mapping of theta score outputs from BeadStudio analysis, and this enabled additional SNPs to be placed on the two maps. The use of 2GS technology for the development of markers is superior to previously described methods, in both numbers of markers and biological informativeness of those markers. Whilst the numbers of reads and assembled contigs were comparable to similar sized studies of other non-model species, here a high proportion of novel genes were discovered across a wide range of putative function and localisation. The potential utility of markers developed using the 2GS approach in downstream breeding applications is discussed.
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l ascorbic acid accumulation in fruit of Ribes Nigrum occurs by in situ biosynthesis via the l galactose pathway
Functional Plant Biology, 2007Co-Authors: Robert D Hancock, Sandra Gordon, R M Brennan, Paul G Walker, Simon D A Pont, Nicola Marquis, Sebastian Vivera, Roberto ViolaAbstract:Blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) is a widely grown commercial crop valued for its high vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid, AsA) content. In the present study, a systematic analysis of the mechanism of fruit AsA accumulation was undertaken. AsA accumulation occurred during fruit expansion and was associated with high in situ biosynthetic capacity via the l-galactose pathway and low rates of turnover. Cessation of AsA accumulation was associated with reduced biosynthesis and increased turnover. Translocation of AsA from photosynthetic or vegetative tissues contributed little to fruit AsA accumulation. Manipulation of substrate availability by defoliation had no effect on fruit AsA concentration but significantly reduced fruit yields. Supply of the AsA precursor l-galactono-1,4-lactone to intact, attached fruit transiently increased fruit AsA concentration which rapidly returned to control levels after removal of the compound. These data suggest strong developmental, metabolic and genetic control of AsA accumulation in blackcurrant fruit and indicate the potential for breeding high AsA cultivars.
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anthocyanin flavanol condensation products from black currant Ribes Nigrum l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Gordon J Mcdougall, Sandra Gordon, R M Brennan, Derek StewartAbstract:Putative flavanol−anthocyanin condensation products were detected in a polyphenol-rich concentrate from black currant (Ribes Nigrum L.). These compounds had UV−vis spectra similar to those of delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, but eluted before all previously described anthocyanins on reversed phase HPLC. Mass spectrometric data indicated that they were rutinoside derivatives of novel aglycons 304 amu greater than delphinidin and cyanidin, respectively. The compounds were partly purified by semipreparative HPLC and gave MS and MS2 spectra consistent with anthocyanin rutinosides covalently linked to epigallocatechin or gallocatechin. These compounds are similar in structure to compounds thought to influence color and quality in red wines and strawberry juice products. There was also evidence for the presence of a range of other flavanol−anthocyanin condensation products. The compounds were present at differing levels in juices of 10 black currant varieties, which were roughly correlate...
A Hensel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antiadhesive properties of arabinogalactan protein from Ribes Nigrum seeds against bacterial adhesion of helicobacter pylori
Molecules, 2014Co-Authors: Jutta Messing, Michael Niehues, Anna Shevtsova, Thomas Boren, A HenselAbstract:Fruit extracts from black currants (Ribes Nigrum L.) are traditionally used for treatment of gastritis based on seed polysaccharides that inhibit the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to stomach cells. For detailed investigations an arabinogalactan protein (F2) was isolated from seeds and characterized concerning molecular weight, carbohydrate, amino acid composition, linkage, configuration and reaction with β-glucosyl Yariv. Functional testing of F2 was performed by semiquantitative in situ adhesion assay on sections of human gastric mucosa and by quantitative in vitro adhesion assay with FITC-labled H. pylori strain J99 and human stomach AGS cells. Bacterial adhesins affected were identified by overlay assay with immobilized ligands. 125I-radiolabeled F2 served for binding studies to H. pylori and interaction experiments with BabA and SabA. F2 had no cytotoxic effects against H. pylori and AGS cells; but inhibited bacterial binding to human gastric cells. F2 inhibited the binding of BabA and fibronectin-binding adhesin to its specific ligands. Radiolabeled F2 bound non-specifically to different strains of H. pylori; and to BabA deficient mutant. F2 did not lead to subsequent feedback regulation or increased expression of adhesins or virulence factors. From these data the non-specific interactions between F2 and the H. pylori lead to moderate antiadhesive effects.
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a high molecular arabinogalactan from Ribes Nigrum l influence on cell physiology of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes and internalization into cells via endosomal transport
Carbohydrate Research, 2009Co-Authors: Janina Zippel, Alexandra Deters, Dirk Pappai, A HenselAbstract:Abstract An arabinogalactan protein (F2) was isolated in 1.5% yield from the seeds of Ribes Nigrum L. (Grossulariaceae) by aqueous extraction and a one-step anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel with 24% galactose, 43% arabinose, and 20% xylose as main carbohydrate residues. Methylation analysis revealed the presence of a 1,3-/1,3,6-galactose backbone, side chains from arabinose in different linkages, and terminal xylose residues. The polysaccharide which turned out to be an arabinogalactan protein had a molecular weight of >106 Da and deaggregated under chaotropic conditions. The cellular dehydrogenase activities (MTT and WST-1 tests) of human skin cells (fibroblasts, keratinocytes) as well as the proliferation rate of keratinocytes (BrdU incorporation ELISA) were significantly stimulated by the polymer at 10 and 100 μg/mL. F2 had no influence on differentiation status of keratinocytes and did not exhibit any cytotoxic potential (LDH test). The biological activity of F2 was not dependent on the high molecular weight. Influence of the polysaccharide on the gene expression of specific growth factors, growth factor receptors, signal proteins and marker proteins for skin cell proliferation, and differentiation by RT-PCR could not be shown. Gene array investigations indicated an increased expression of various genes encoding for catabolic enzymes, DNA repair, extracellular matrix proteins, and signal transduction factors. Removal of terminal arabinose residues by α- l -arabinofuranosidase did not influence the activity toward skin cells, while the treatment with β- d -galactosidase yielded an inactive polysaccharide. The FITC-labeled polysaccharide was incorporated in a time-dependent manner into human fibroblasts (laser scanning microscopy) via endosomal transport. This internalization of the polysaccharide was inhibited by Cytochalasin B.
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a high molecular arabinogalactan from Ribes Nigrum l influence on cell physiology of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes and internalization into cells via endosomal transport
Carbohydrate Research, 2009Co-Authors: Janina Zippel, Alexandra Deters, Dirk Pappai, A HenselAbstract:An arabinogalactan protein (F2) was isolated in 1.5% yield from the seeds of Ribes Nigrum L. (Grossulariaceae) by aqueous extraction and a one-step anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel with 24% galactose, 43% arabinose, and 20% xylose as main carbohydrate residues. Methylation analysis revealed the presence of a 1,3-/1,3,6-galactose backbone, side chains from arabinose in different linkages, and terminal xylose residues. The polysaccharide which turned out to be an arabinogalactan protein had a molecular weight of >10(6) Da and deaggregated under chaotropic conditions. The cellular dehydrogenase activities (MTT and WST-1 tests) of human skin cells (fibroblasts, keratinocytes) as well as the proliferation rate of keratinocytes (BrdU incorporation ELISA) were significantly stimulated by the polymer at 10 and 100 microg/mL. F2 had no influence on differentiation status of keratinocytes and did not exhibit any cytotoxic potential (LDH test). The biological activity of F2 was not dependent on the high molecular weight. Influence of the polysaccharide on the gene expression of specific growth factors, growth factor receptors, signal proteins and marker proteins for skin cell proliferation, and differentiation by RT-PCR could not be shown. Gene array investigations indicated an increased expression of various genes encoding for catabolic enzymes, DNA repair, extracellular matrix proteins, and signal transduction factors. Removal of terminal arabinose residues by alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase did not influence the activity toward skin cells, while the treatment with beta-D-galactosidase yielded an inactive polysaccharide. The FITC-labeled polysaccharide was incorporated in a time-dependent manner into human fibroblasts (laser scanning microscopy) via endosomal transport. This internalization of the polysaccharide was inhibited by Cytochalasin B.
Sandra Gordon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the use of genotyping by sequencing in blackcurrant Ribes Nigrum developing high resolution linkage maps in species without reference genome sequences
Molecular Breeding, 2014Co-Authors: Joanne Russell, Pete E. Hedley, Linzi Jorgensen, Sandra Gordon, Christine A. Hackett, Micha Bayer, Hui Liu, Linda Milne, David Marshall, R M BrennanAbstract:A genotyping by sequencing (GbS) approach is reported in blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) using a de novo read assembly method developed because of the current absence of a reference genome sequence for this species. A new approach to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype calling is described, where individual genotypes for a large number of SNPs were characterised from the GbS counts using a novel method based on a functional regression of major and minor allele read counts. The high-quality GbS SNPs were combined with SNPs and simple sequence repeats generated from other technologies to develop a linkage map with increased marker density and improved genome coverage, containing up to 204 SNPs on each linkage group. SNPs of lower quality were then located on the map using quantitative trait locus (QTL) interval mapping of the proportion of the major allele. Two QTL each for 100-berry weight and Brix scores, measured over three years, were identified using the map. The use of this approach to identify and map a significant number of novel SNPs in a woody species with hitherto limited genomic resources may have generic application to other under-resourced and minor species in the development of cost-effective and efficient high-density genetic maps.
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Candidate genes associated with bud dormancy release in blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.)
BMC plant biology, 2010Co-Authors: Pete E. Hedley, Joanne Russell, Linzi Jorgensen, Sandra Gordon, Jenny A. Morris, Christine A. Hackett, Linda Cardle, Rex M. BrennanAbstract:The detrimental effects of mild winter temperatures on the consistency of cropping of blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) in parts of Europe have led to increasing interest in the genetic control of dormancy release in this species. This study examined patterns of gene expression in leaf buds of blackcurrant to identify key differential changes in these profiles around the time of budbreak. Using leaf bud tissue of blackcurrant, a cDNA library was generated as a source of blackcurrant ESTs for construction of a custom microarray, which was used to identify differential gene expression during dormancy release. Gene activity was lowest in early stages of dormancy, increasing to reach a maximum around the time of budbreak. Genes with significantly changing expression profiles were clustered and evidence is provided for the transient activity of genes previously associated with dormancy processes in other species. Expression profiling identified candidate genes which were mapped onto a blackcurrant genetic linkage map containing budbreak-related QTL. Three genes, which putatively encode calmodulin-binding protein, beta tubulin and acetyl CoA carboxylase respectively, were found to co-localise with budbreak QTL. This study provides insight into the genetic control of dormancy transition in blackcurrant, identifying key changes in gene expression around budbreak. Genetic mapping of ESTs enabled the identification of genes which co-localise with previously-characterised blackcurrant QTL, and it is concluded that these genes have probable roles in release of dormancy and can therefore provide a basis for the development of genetic markers for future breeding deployment.
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The development of a genetic linkage map of blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) and the identification of regions associated with key fruit quality and agronomic traits
Euphytica, 2008Co-Authors: Rex Brennan, Linzi Jorgensen, Sandra Gordon, Christine Hackett, Mary Woodhead, Joanne RussellAbstract:The first genetic linkage map of blackcurrant ( Ribes Nigrum L.) was constructed using AFLP, SSR (genomic and EST-derived) and SNP markers, in a mapping population derived from two diverse breeding clones of blackcurrant from the SCRI breeding programme. Cluster analysis of the population revealed that the individuals within the population formed two distinct sub-populations, with segregation ratios consistent with one sub-population having the two intended parents, and the other being selfed segregants. The latter sub-population improves the map by providing a more informative estimate of recombination frequency than the crossed sub-population for some marker configurations, and also revealed the presence of two unlinked loci affecting viability. Several important phenological, agronomic and fruit quality traits were evaluated in the mapping population, and QTLs affecting these are located on the linkage map. This provides a framework for the development of marker-assisted breeding strategies for blackcurrant, to improve breeding efficiency and time to cultivar.
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l ascorbic acid accumulation in fruit of Ribes Nigrum occurs by in situ biosynthesis via the l galactose pathway
Functional Plant Biology, 2007Co-Authors: Robert D Hancock, Sandra Gordon, R M Brennan, Paul G Walker, Simon D A Pont, Nicola Marquis, Sebastian Vivera, Roberto ViolaAbstract:Blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) is a widely grown commercial crop valued for its high vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid, AsA) content. In the present study, a systematic analysis of the mechanism of fruit AsA accumulation was undertaken. AsA accumulation occurred during fruit expansion and was associated with high in situ biosynthetic capacity via the l-galactose pathway and low rates of turnover. Cessation of AsA accumulation was associated with reduced biosynthesis and increased turnover. Translocation of AsA from photosynthetic or vegetative tissues contributed little to fruit AsA accumulation. Manipulation of substrate availability by defoliation had no effect on fruit AsA concentration but significantly reduced fruit yields. Supply of the AsA precursor l-galactono-1,4-lactone to intact, attached fruit transiently increased fruit AsA concentration which rapidly returned to control levels after removal of the compound. These data suggest strong developmental, metabolic and genetic control of AsA accumulation in blackcurrant fruit and indicate the potential for breeding high AsA cultivars.
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anthocyanin flavanol condensation products from black currant Ribes Nigrum l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Gordon J Mcdougall, Sandra Gordon, R M Brennan, Derek StewartAbstract:Putative flavanol−anthocyanin condensation products were detected in a polyphenol-rich concentrate from black currant (Ribes Nigrum L.). These compounds had UV−vis spectra similar to those of delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, but eluted before all previously described anthocyanins on reversed phase HPLC. Mass spectrometric data indicated that they were rutinoside derivatives of novel aglycons 304 amu greater than delphinidin and cyanidin, respectively. The compounds were partly purified by semipreparative HPLC and gave MS and MS2 spectra consistent with anthocyanin rutinosides covalently linked to epigallocatechin or gallocatechin. These compounds are similar in structure to compounds thought to influence color and quality in red wines and strawberry juice products. There was also evidence for the presence of a range of other flavanol−anthocyanin condensation products. The compounds were present at differing levels in juices of 10 black currant varieties, which were roughly correlate...