The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lei Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Discrimination of soil losses between Ridge and furrow in longitudinal Ridge-Tillage under simulated upslope inflow and rainfall
Soil and Tillage Research, 2020Co-Authors: Lei Wang, Fenli Zheng, Xunchang J. Zhang, Glenn V. Wilson, Chao Qin, Gang Liu, Jiaqiong ZhangAbstract:Abstract Longitudinal Ridge-Tillage greatly enhances hillslope soil erosion due to increased flow concentration in furrows and sediment delivery from Ridge sideslopes. Currently, contributions of upslope inflow and rainfall to soil loss and identification of sediment sources in a Ridge-furrow system are still unclear. A set of experiments on 10-m long, 2-m wide field runoff plots at a 5° slope gradient were conducted in the Chinese Mollisol region to quantify the effects of upslope inflow and rainfall on hillslope erosion and to discriminate sediment contributions between Ridges and furrows in a longitudinal Ridge-Tillage system. The experimental treatments included five upslope inflow rates alone (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 L min−1), two rainfall intensities alone (50 and 100 mm h−1) and the five inflow rates combined with the two rainfall intensities. A stereoscopic photogrammetry method was used to measure micro-topographic conditions before and after each run. The results showed that, compared with the inflow-only treatments, soil losses increased by 1.4–5.2 times and 2.5–14.0 times under the combined treatments of the five inflow rates and two rainfall intensities, respectively. The contributions of the synergistic effects increased with the increase of rainfall intensity. Moreover, in the five upslope inflow-only treatments, soil erosion mainly occurred in the bottom of furrows and Ridge toe slopes; while for the combined treatments, Ridge sideslope erosion dominated as soil loss from Ridge areas accounted for 51.3 %–60.9 % and 53.0 %–61.8 % for the 50 and 100 mm h−1 rainfall intensities, respectively. Therefore, Ridge sideslope erosion may be the main sediment source in the longitudinal Ridge-Tillage system under the bare conditions.
-
wind tunnel simulation of Ridge Tillage effects on soil erosion from cropland
Soil & Tillage Research, 2006Co-Authors: Jingai Wang, Yongqin Ge, Xiaoyan Li, Xia Hu, Yang Song, Lei WangAbstract:In the arid and semi-arid regions, Ridge Tillagewas often used as an alternative practice for wind erosion control on the croplands without sufficient crop residues left during the fallow period. Through wind tunnel experiments, wind erosion rate and vertical mass flux profile of blown sand under the simulated conditions of Ridge Tillage and flat Tillage were studied in 15, 10, 10, 5, 3 min exposures at the wind velocities of 8, 10, 15, 20, 24 m s � 1 , respectively. The results for the soil tested indicate that the mean rate of wind erosion under flat Tillage was 129.89 g m � 2 min � 1 , while that under Ridge Tillage were 20‐60% less. Under Ridge Tillage with different structures, average wind erosion rate had a positive correlation with the spacing between adjacent Ridges. For the same Ridge height, average wind erosion rate decreased with increasing ratio between the height of Ridge and the width of furrow. For the same ratio between the height of Ridge and the width of furrow, average wind erosion rate increased with increasing height of Ridge. Powerfunctionrelationshipswerefoundbetweenwinderosionrate andwindvelocityonallthesimulatedTillageconditions. Awind velocity of 15 m s � 1 was the critical velocity, above which wind erosion rate increased rapidly for the soil and simulated Tillage conditions tested. Compared with flat Tillage, Ridge Tillage remarkably decreased wind erosion rates when wind velocities were beyond 15 m s � 1 . Under Ridge Tillage, the total mass of sand transported at a height of 0‐20 cm above soil surface (Q0‐20), and the fraction of that travelling at a height of 0‐4 cm (Q0‐4/Q0‐20), were less man mat under flat Tillage. For the same Ridge height, Q0‐4/ Q0‐20 increased with increasing ratio between the height of Ridge and the width of furrow. For the same ratio between the height of Ridge and the width of furrow, Q0‐4/Q0‐20 decreased with increasing height of the Ridge. Sand transport rate under flat Tillage decreased with increasing height by a negative exponential function, while negative linear functions were found under Ridge Tillage. Thus Ridge Tillage decreased the rate of wind erosion and sand transportation near soil surface, reduced the loss of soil nutrient caused by wind erosion and plant damage caused by blown sand abrasion, which make it an effective agricultural technology for wind erosion control in the arid and semi-arid regions. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
R.r. Allmaras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Ridge Tillage for corn and soybean production: environmental quality impacts
Soil and Tillage Research, 1998Co-Authors: Jerry L. Hatfield, R.r. Allmaras, G.w. Rehm, Birl LoweryAbstract:Abstract Tillage practices are needed to increase agronomic stability and productivity while enhancing the environment. Ridge Tillage has been demonstrated as an effective agronomic practice; some have described it as a miniature precision agriculture. Environmental impacts have generally been positive but the results vary, depending upon soil and climatic factors. Ridge Tillage changes soil temperature and water patterns compared to no-till and full width – moldboard/chisel plowing or disking for primary Tillage. These changes lead to an improved soil environment for crop emergence and early growth, because of warmer soil temperatures in cool climates and better water relations in both poorly-drained and moderately well-drained soils. While increased soil water infiltration in the interrow can lead to increased leaching and greater loading of nitrates and herbicides at the bottom of the root zone, controlled studies suggest that Ridge Tillage with precise agrichemical placement in the Ridge can provide a favorable environmental impact. Moreover, the combined herbicide and cultivation for weed control reduces the treated area and overall application for herbicides. Ridge Tillage was evaluated at a number of field locations of the Management Systems Evaluation Areas program to assess both agronomic and environmental impacts. A special effort in these Ridge Tillage evaluations was to trace agrichemical movement from the site of application within the soil and into the surficial aquifer. In most instances, Ridge Tillage decreased agrichemicals leaching and the negative environmental impact.
-
Water quality in an irrigated sandy soil: Ridge Tillage in rotated corn and soybean compared with full-width Tillage in continuous corn
Soil and Tillage Research, 1998Co-Authors: J.a Lamb, R. H. Dowdy, J.l Anderson, R.r. AllmarasAbstract:Abstract Agrichemical contaminant movement into groundwater under irrigated sandy soils can be sensitive to agricultural management systems. Sometimes changes in water quality caused by current agrichemical use cannot be distinguished from land management changes. Groundwater quality in a surficial aquifer under a Zimmerman fine sand (mixed, frigid, argic, Udipsamments; FAO – Cambric Arenosols) in Minnesota USA was compared as related to two farming systems: Ridge Tillage in a corn ( Zea mays L .)–soybean ( Glycine max L .) rotation, and conventional full-width tandem disk Tillage in continuous corn. Measured from 1991 to 1995 were: grain yields; atrazine, alachlor, metribuzin, and nitrate-N in soil to a depth of 90 cm; and water table concentrations of atrazine, alachlor, metribuzin, and nitrate-N in the surficial aquifer. Changes in groundwater quality were monitored with water table piezometers. Grain yields from corn when rotated with soybeans were greater than with continuous corn. Soil herbicide concentrations (atrazine, alachlor, and metribuzin) were greatest directly after application and decreased during the growing season to less than 50 μg kg −1 in the surface 15 cm by the next spring. Herbicides banded over the row in the Ridge Tillage systems were detected only in soil samples taken under the crop row, while herbicides were detected under the row and between rows when broadcast applied in the continuous corn system. Alachlor and metribuzin were not detected in the groundwater during this study, but atrazine and associated breakdown products, deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine were detected in the groundwater. Deethylatrazine was detected in significant quantities (3 μg l −1 ) under the continuous corn system but in only small quantities (0.04 μg l −1 ) under the corn–soybean Ridge Tillage system. Nitrate-N concentrations at the water table did not increase under either cropping system during the study. Soil concentrations significantly declined after 1992 because mineralization of organic N from a previous alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L .) history had disappated. The corn–soybean Ridge Tillage system reduced atrazine metabolites entry into groundwater under this sandy soil compared to a full-width tandem disk Tillage continuous corn system. Best management practices for N use in this sandy soil under irrigation with both management systems did not allow an increase of nitrate-N in the groundwater.
Gao Chuan-chan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effect of Wheat & Corn Integration Ridge Tillage Furrow Planting Mode on Growth Characteristics of Winter Wheat
Water Saving Irrigation, 2014Co-Authors: Gao Chuan-chanAbstract:By using the annual field experiment data of winter wheat in 2012~2013,the effect of wheat corn integration Ridge Tillage furrow planting mode on the growth characteristics and yield of winter wheat is studied in this paper.The results show that compared with the conventional flat planting mode,integration Ridge Tillage furrow planting mode provides a better growth environment for the winter wheat;for each water treatment,the irrigation water amount of winter wheat reduces 45mm under integration Ridge Tillage planting mode,the growth period extends 2~3d,and the leaf area per plant increases at different extent,which creates good conditions for winter wheat to manufacture more organic matter and leads to the increase of single spike grain weight by 0.05~0.17 g and the increase of final yield by 2.09%~3.23%.During the winter wheat growing period,when the soil moisture control limit is set to 70%of the field capacity,the integration Ridge Tillage furrow planting mode can get better water-saving and production-increase effect.
-
Effects of Wheat,Corn Integration Ridge Tillage Furrow Irrigation on Summer Corn Growth Characteristics
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2013Co-Authors: Gao Chuan-chanAbstract:Growth characteristics of summer maize and water use efficiency under different cultivation modes and different soil moisture contents were studied.The results showed that:too high or too low soil water content was not conducive to the growth of the crop;leaf area,filling rate,yield and WUEunder integration Ridge Tillage furrow irrigation cultivation mode were superior to conventional furrow,with average yield and WUEincreasing by 175~817.44kg/hm2 and 0.14~0.32kg/m3 respectively.
-
Effect of Different Planting Patterns on growth characteristics and yield of summer maize
Water Saving Irrigation, 2013Co-Authors: Gao Chuan-chanAbstract:Using wheat,corn integration Ridge Tillage furrow planting pattern and conventional furrow planting pattern,study different moisture content control limit that effects on growth characteristics and the summer corn yield through field experiment.The results show that:Compared with the conventional planting pattern,integration Ridge Tillage planting pattern delayed the aging time,promoted crop growth and development,plant height,leaf area index and stem diameter were improved,and the yield increased 174.91~817.49kg/hm2.Different planting patterns on summer maize growth characteristic parameters and water treatment performance index was positively correlated roughly,but with the increased of moisture content control limit,summer maize yield decreased significantly after the peak.Through comparison of yield and its component factors,determined the appropriate planting pattern and water treatment of summer maize.
Ling Long - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Responses of Soil Respiration and Organic Carbon to Straw Mulching and Ridge Tillage in Maize Field of a Triple Cropping System in the Hilly Region of Southwest China
Sustainability, 2019Co-Authors: Sai Zhang, Hafiz Athar Hussain, Longchang Wang, Saddam Hussain, Hang-fei Zhou, Hai-xiu Luo, Xiaoyu Zhang, Ling LongAbstract:Soil disturbance by Tillage practices promotes soil respiration which is a main source of carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different Tillage practices on soil respiration and the carbon source/sink characteristics of maize farmland ecosystems in the wheat–maize–soybean cropping system. Six Tillage treatments, namely, traditional Tillage (T), Ridge Tillage (R), traditional Tillage + straw mulching (TS), Ridge Tillage + straw mulching (RS), traditional Tillage + straw mulching + decomposing inoculants (TSD), and Ridge Tillage + straw mulching + decomposing inoculants (RSD), were used to measure the soil respiration and its hydrothermal factors. The results showed that the intensity of soil respiration increased initially and decreased afterwards throughout the growth period of maize ranging from 1.011 to 5.575 μmol (m2·s)−1. The soil respiration rate under different treatments varied remarkably presenting a trend of RSD > TSD > TS > RS > T > R. Ridge Tillage reduced the soil respiration rate of maize farmland while straw mulching improved it. Meanwhile, Ridge Tillage and straw mulching increased the soil temperature sensitivity index of soil respiration, but the addition of decomposing inoculants reduced this trend. The soil moisture response threshold under Ridge Tillage was lower, while the straw mulching was found to increase it, compared with the control. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between trapped soil fauna and soil respiration. Compared with the control, Ridge Tillage and straw mulching were beneficial to the carbon sink of the farmland ecosystem as shown by the maize field for the entire growing season.
Sai Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Responses of Soil Respiration and Organic Carbon to Straw Mulching and Ridge Tillage in Maize Field of a Triple Cropping System in the Hilly Region of Southwest China
Sustainability, 2019Co-Authors: Sai Zhang, Hafiz Athar Hussain, Longchang Wang, Saddam Hussain, Hang-fei Zhou, Hai-xiu Luo, Xiaoyu Zhang, Ling LongAbstract:Soil disturbance by Tillage practices promotes soil respiration which is a main source of carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different Tillage practices on soil respiration and the carbon source/sink characteristics of maize farmland ecosystems in the wheat–maize–soybean cropping system. Six Tillage treatments, namely, traditional Tillage (T), Ridge Tillage (R), traditional Tillage + straw mulching (TS), Ridge Tillage + straw mulching (RS), traditional Tillage + straw mulching + decomposing inoculants (TSD), and Ridge Tillage + straw mulching + decomposing inoculants (RSD), were used to measure the soil respiration and its hydrothermal factors. The results showed that the intensity of soil respiration increased initially and decreased afterwards throughout the growth period of maize ranging from 1.011 to 5.575 μmol (m2·s)−1. The soil respiration rate under different treatments varied remarkably presenting a trend of RSD > TSD > TS > RS > T > R. Ridge Tillage reduced the soil respiration rate of maize farmland while straw mulching improved it. Meanwhile, Ridge Tillage and straw mulching increased the soil temperature sensitivity index of soil respiration, but the addition of decomposing inoculants reduced this trend. The soil moisture response threshold under Ridge Tillage was lower, while the straw mulching was found to increase it, compared with the control. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between trapped soil fauna and soil respiration. Compared with the control, Ridge Tillage and straw mulching were beneficial to the carbon sink of the farmland ecosystem as shown by the maize field for the entire growing season.
-
Characteristics of Soil Respiration and Soil Organic Carbon in Fava Bean Farmland Under Ridge Tillage and Straw Mulching in Southwest China
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue, 2017Co-Authors: Ying Xiong, Longchang Wang, Lin-lu Zhao, Quan Zhou, Sai ZhangAbstract:Soil respiration is an important process for carbon emission. A field study was conducted with four treatments including T (traditional Tillage+straw mulching level 0 kg·hm-2), R (Ridge Tillage+straw mulching level 0 kg·hm-2), RS1 (Ridge Tillage+straw mulching level 3750 kg·hm-2), and RS2 (Ridge Tillage+straw mulching level 7500 kg·hm-2), so as to probe the effects of Ridge Tillage and straw mulching amount on soil respiration and soil organic carbon(SOC) and the relationships of soil respiration rate with soil temperature and water content (SWC) during the growth period of fava bean in the triple intercropping system of fava bean/maize/sweat pomato in dryland region of southwest China known as the purple hilly region. The changes of soil respiration rate were in accordance with crop growing, being firstly increased and then decreased during the whole growth period of fava bean, and there were significant differences in soil respiration rate among different treatments, which could be ranked as RS2[3.365 g·(m2·d)-1] > RS1[2.935 g·(m2·d)-1] > T[2.683 g·(m2·d)-1] > R[2.263 g·(m2·d)-1]. Ridge Tillage reduced soil respiration in fava bean farmland, whereas straw mulching treatment increased it, whose variation trend was in accordance with that of straw mulching levels. There was a significant exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature at 5 cm and 10 cm depth, and the exponential model at 10 cm produced better fitness than that at 5 cm. The temperature sensitivity (Q10) at 10 cm could be ranked as RS2 > RS1 > R > T, being 1.751,1.665,1.616, and 1.35, respectively. The combined exponential model indicated that soil temperature and water content (SWC) could jointly explain 68%(R), 79%(RS1) and 76%(RS2) of variation in soil respiration. This study results suggested that Ridge Tillage and straw mulching significantly increased SOC of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers, and the increase of SOC was in accordance with that of straw mulching levels. The SOC was significantly increased in 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, which could be ranked as RS2 > RS1 > R > T, and the increases in SOC at 5-10 cm were especially notable. The weighted average of particulate organic carbon (POC) at 0-30 cm was significantly increased, but the proportion of POC in SOC did not show significant influence.
