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Pia Knigge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the ecological correlates of right wing Extremism in western europe
European Journal of Political Research, 1998Co-Authors: Pia KniggeAbstract:This study traces the evolution of Right-Wing Extremism, conceptualized as latent electoral support for extreme Right-Wing parties (i.e., vote intention), in six Western European countries (i.e., Belgium, France, the Netherlands, West Germany, Denmark, and Italy) between 1984 and 1993. Employing a pooled time-series cross-sectional research design, the author examines the relative strength of three popular explanations of contemporary Right-Wing Extremism: the impact of economic conditions (unemployment and inflation), social developments (immigration), and political trends (public's dissatisfaction with the political regime). Evidence is presented in support of the last two explanations. Rising levels of immigration and public dissatisfaction with the political regime significantly facilitate Right-Wing Extremism. Contrary to the initial hypothesis however, results suggest that a declining national economy (unemployment in particular) diminishes the electoral appeal of extreme Right-Wing parties.
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The ecological correlates of right–wing Extremism in Western Europe
European Journal of Political Research, 1998Co-Authors: Pia KniggeAbstract:This study traces the evolution of Right-Wing Extremism, conceptualized as latent electoral support for extreme Right-Wing parties (i.e., vote intention), in six Western European countries (i.e., Belgium, France, the Netherlands, West Germany, Denmark, and Italy) between 1984 and 1993. Employing a pooled time-series cross-sectional research design, the author examines the relative strength of three popular explanations of contemporary Right-Wing Extremism: the impact of economic conditions (unemployment and inflation), social developments (immigration), and political trends (public's dissatisfaction with the political regime). Evidence is presented in support of the last two explanations. Rising levels of immigration and public dissatisfaction with the political regime significantly facilitate Right-Wing Extremism. Contrary to the initial hypothesis however, results suggest that a declining national economy (unemployment in particular) diminishes the electoral appeal of extreme Right-Wing parties.
Cas Mudde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Western Democracies and the New Extreme Right Challenge
2003Co-Authors: Roger Eatwell, Cas MuddeAbstract:A Note on the Contributors List of Abbreviations Preface Roger Eatwell and Cas Mudde Acknowledgements Roger Eatwell and Cas Mudde Introduction: The New Extreme Right Challenge Roger Eatwell Part 1: Right Wing-Extremism in Contemporary Democracies 1. Between Adaptation, Differentiation and Distinction: The Extreme Right in Austria, Belgium, France and Italy Alexandre Deze 2. The American Extreme Right: The 1990s and Beyond Mark Potok 3. The Extreme Right in Britain: the Long Road to Modernization Roger Eatwell Part 2: Democratic Responses to Right-Wing Extremism 4. Defence of Democracy against the Extreme Right in Inter-war Europe: A Past Still Present? Giovanni Capoccia 5. Defending Contemporary Democracy and the Extreme Right: A Comparative Study of the USA, Germany and Israel Ami Pedahzur 6. Institutional Inclusion and Exclusion of Extreme-Right Wing Parties in Austria, Germany and France Laurent Kestel and Laurent Godmer 7. The Diversified Approach: Swedish Responses to the Extreme Right Anders Widfeldt 8. Right-Wing Extremism in the Land of the Free: Repression and Toleration in the USA George Michael Conclusion: Defending Democracy and the Extreme Right Cas Mudde Index
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Right-Wing Extremism Analyzed. A Comparative Analysis of the Ideologies of Three Alleged Right-Wing Extremist Parties (NPD, NDP, CP'86)
European Journal of Political Research, 1995Co-Authors: Cas MuddeAbstract:Abstract. The so-called ‘third wave’ of Right-Wing Extremism has taken both society and social science by storm. In contrast to the many studies that look for possible explanations for the success of this ‘wave’, this article focusses on Right-Wing Extremism itself. In the first part, the concept is defined on the basis of the existing literature, as a political ideology that consists of a combination of several features. In the second part, these features are first conceptualized and second used in a comparative analysis of the ideologies of three alleged Right-Wing extremist parties (the Dutch CP'86, the German NPD and the Austrian NDP). This analysis shows a more differentiated picture of the ideology of this ‘party family’, and is a warning against too careless generalisations.
Hans Merkens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Interest in Evil: Hierarchic Self-Interest and Right-Wing Extremism among East and West German Youth☆☆☆★
Social Science Research, 1999Co-Authors: John Hagan, Klaus Boehnke, Susanne Rippl, Hans MerkensAbstract:Abstract Right-Wing extremist attitudes can seem rational when they are viewed from the near-term, group-linked interests of individuals in their own well-being, ascendency, or domination. We test an elaboration of a rational choice theory of Right-Wing Extremism that focuses on hierarchic and self-interested imperatives in market-driven societies. Our elaboration of this theory identifies a theoretical and empirical unification of four social psychological dimensions—involving competitive processes of social comparison, individualism, materialist preoccupations with success, and the acceptance of social inequality. These dimensions coalesce into a higher order, latent subterranean construct we call hierarchic self-interest. This latent construct is strongly related to Right-Wing Extremism among samples of East and West German youth. Male adolescents experiencing the rapid transition to a market economy in an economically and socially depressed East Germany may be especially susceptible to extremist appeals to hierarchic self-interests. Male and East German youth express stronger hierarchic self-interests than female and West German youth, and these differences mediate the greater tendencies of male and East German youth to express hostility toward immigrants and foreigners, who are often a step below and in competition with them on the socioeconomic ladder of success. Hierarchic self-interest is a persistent and dangerous source of support for Right-Wing Extremism.
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Right-Wing Extremism among German adolescents: Risk factors and protective factors
Applied Psychology, 1998Co-Authors: Klaus Boehnke, John Hagan, Hans MerkensAbstract:L'etude met en cause I'evidence empirique concernant les risques pour et les facteurs de protection contre la delinquance juvenile et l'Extremisme de droite parmi la jeunesse de Berlin-Est et Ouest. S'appuyant sur la theorie du capital social (Coleman) et la relation personne/environnement dans l'approche de la socialisation (Elder), un modele est dessine qui voit dans les activites de loisirs pro-delinquants le premier risque majeur de delinquance et d'Extremisme de droite. L'anomie, durant les crises societales, est percue comme le second risque majeur. Les succes a l'ecole et le tutorat parental apparaissent comme des facteurs protecteurs contre la delinquance et l'Extremisme de droite parce qu'ils reduisent la participation des adolescents dans les activites semblables aux pro-delinquantes. Le modele est teste dans un panel socialement heterogene d'eleves de la septieme a la dixieme des deux parties de Berlin (N = 590) interroges en 1992 et 1993. Les resultats, en general, soulignent les effets attendus, l'anomie cependant, ayant aussi une influence grandissante sur l'Extremisme de droite. Contrairement a nos assertions, le tutorat parental n'emerge pas comme un facteur protecteur. The study provides empirical evidence on risks for and protective factors against juvenile delinquency and Right-Wing Extremism among German youth from East and West Berlin. Drawing on social capital theory (Coleman) and the person-by-context approach to socialisation (Elder) a model is forwarded that sees pro-delinquent leisure activities as the primary risk factor for delinquency and Right-Wing Extremism. Anomie during societal crises is seen as secondary risk factor. School success and parental monitoring are conceptualised as protective factors against delinquency and Right-Wing Extremism in that they reduce adolescent participation in pro-delinquent peer activities. The model is tested in a socially heterogeneous panel of seventh to tenth graders from both parts of Berlin (N = 590) surveyed in 1992 and 1993. Results, in general, show the postulated effects. Anomie, however, also has a directly increasing influence on Right-Wing Extremism. Contrary to our assumptions, parental monitoring did not emerge as a protective factor.
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delinquency and disdain social capital and the control of right wing Extremism among east and west berlin youth
American Journal of Sociology, 1995Co-Authors: John Hagan, Hans Merkens, Klaus BoehnkeAbstract:The authors link the notion of subterranean traditions to the concepts of control theory, anomic aspirations, and social capital to explain Right-Wing Extremism and school delinquency among German Youth. Weakened informal social controls and anomic aspirations lead to delinquent drift and extremist and delinquent involvements. East Berlin youth are uniquely exposed and vulnerable to anomic aspirations and associated Right-Wing Extremism, but their schools and parents play significant roles in suppressing their rightwing attitudes. Schools and families are underappreciated sources of informal social control and resulting social capital that constrain Right-Wing Extremism and related problems of young people during a period of rapid social change in the former East Germany.
Klaus Boehnke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Interest in Evil: Hierarchic Self-Interest and Right-Wing Extremism among East and West German Youth☆☆☆★
Social Science Research, 1999Co-Authors: John Hagan, Klaus Boehnke, Susanne Rippl, Hans MerkensAbstract:Abstract Right-Wing extremist attitudes can seem rational when they are viewed from the near-term, group-linked interests of individuals in their own well-being, ascendency, or domination. We test an elaboration of a rational choice theory of Right-Wing Extremism that focuses on hierarchic and self-interested imperatives in market-driven societies. Our elaboration of this theory identifies a theoretical and empirical unification of four social psychological dimensions—involving competitive processes of social comparison, individualism, materialist preoccupations with success, and the acceptance of social inequality. These dimensions coalesce into a higher order, latent subterranean construct we call hierarchic self-interest. This latent construct is strongly related to Right-Wing Extremism among samples of East and West German youth. Male adolescents experiencing the rapid transition to a market economy in an economically and socially depressed East Germany may be especially susceptible to extremist appeals to hierarchic self-interests. Male and East German youth express stronger hierarchic self-interests than female and West German youth, and these differences mediate the greater tendencies of male and East German youth to express hostility toward immigrants and foreigners, who are often a step below and in competition with them on the socioeconomic ladder of success. Hierarchic self-interest is a persistent and dangerous source of support for Right-Wing Extremism.
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Right-Wing Extremism among German adolescents: Risk factors and protective factors
Applied Psychology, 1998Co-Authors: Klaus Boehnke, John Hagan, Hans MerkensAbstract:L'etude met en cause I'evidence empirique concernant les risques pour et les facteurs de protection contre la delinquance juvenile et l'Extremisme de droite parmi la jeunesse de Berlin-Est et Ouest. S'appuyant sur la theorie du capital social (Coleman) et la relation personne/environnement dans l'approche de la socialisation (Elder), un modele est dessine qui voit dans les activites de loisirs pro-delinquants le premier risque majeur de delinquance et d'Extremisme de droite. L'anomie, durant les crises societales, est percue comme le second risque majeur. Les succes a l'ecole et le tutorat parental apparaissent comme des facteurs protecteurs contre la delinquance et l'Extremisme de droite parce qu'ils reduisent la participation des adolescents dans les activites semblables aux pro-delinquantes. Le modele est teste dans un panel socialement heterogene d'eleves de la septieme a la dixieme des deux parties de Berlin (N = 590) interroges en 1992 et 1993. Les resultats, en general, soulignent les effets attendus, l'anomie cependant, ayant aussi une influence grandissante sur l'Extremisme de droite. Contrairement a nos assertions, le tutorat parental n'emerge pas comme un facteur protecteur. The study provides empirical evidence on risks for and protective factors against juvenile delinquency and Right-Wing Extremism among German youth from East and West Berlin. Drawing on social capital theory (Coleman) and the person-by-context approach to socialisation (Elder) a model is forwarded that sees pro-delinquent leisure activities as the primary risk factor for delinquency and Right-Wing Extremism. Anomie during societal crises is seen as secondary risk factor. School success and parental monitoring are conceptualised as protective factors against delinquency and Right-Wing Extremism in that they reduce adolescent participation in pro-delinquent peer activities. The model is tested in a socially heterogeneous panel of seventh to tenth graders from both parts of Berlin (N = 590) surveyed in 1992 and 1993. Results, in general, show the postulated effects. Anomie, however, also has a directly increasing influence on Right-Wing Extremism. Contrary to our assumptions, parental monitoring did not emerge as a protective factor.
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delinquency and disdain social capital and the control of right wing Extremism among east and west berlin youth
American Journal of Sociology, 1995Co-Authors: John Hagan, Hans Merkens, Klaus BoehnkeAbstract:The authors link the notion of subterranean traditions to the concepts of control theory, anomic aspirations, and social capital to explain Right-Wing Extremism and school delinquency among German Youth. Weakened informal social controls and anomic aspirations lead to delinquent drift and extremist and delinquent involvements. East Berlin youth are uniquely exposed and vulnerable to anomic aspirations and associated Right-Wing Extremism, but their schools and parents play significant roles in suppressing their rightwing attitudes. Schools and families are underappreciated sources of informal social control and resulting social capital that constrain Right-Wing Extremism and related problems of young people during a period of rapid social change in the former East Germany.
John Hagan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Interest in Evil: Hierarchic Self-Interest and Right-Wing Extremism among East and West German Youth☆☆☆★
Social Science Research, 1999Co-Authors: John Hagan, Klaus Boehnke, Susanne Rippl, Hans MerkensAbstract:Abstract Right-Wing extremist attitudes can seem rational when they are viewed from the near-term, group-linked interests of individuals in their own well-being, ascendency, or domination. We test an elaboration of a rational choice theory of Right-Wing Extremism that focuses on hierarchic and self-interested imperatives in market-driven societies. Our elaboration of this theory identifies a theoretical and empirical unification of four social psychological dimensions—involving competitive processes of social comparison, individualism, materialist preoccupations with success, and the acceptance of social inequality. These dimensions coalesce into a higher order, latent subterranean construct we call hierarchic self-interest. This latent construct is strongly related to Right-Wing Extremism among samples of East and West German youth. Male adolescents experiencing the rapid transition to a market economy in an economically and socially depressed East Germany may be especially susceptible to extremist appeals to hierarchic self-interests. Male and East German youth express stronger hierarchic self-interests than female and West German youth, and these differences mediate the greater tendencies of male and East German youth to express hostility toward immigrants and foreigners, who are often a step below and in competition with them on the socioeconomic ladder of success. Hierarchic self-interest is a persistent and dangerous source of support for Right-Wing Extremism.
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Right-Wing Extremism among German adolescents: Risk factors and protective factors
Applied Psychology, 1998Co-Authors: Klaus Boehnke, John Hagan, Hans MerkensAbstract:L'etude met en cause I'evidence empirique concernant les risques pour et les facteurs de protection contre la delinquance juvenile et l'Extremisme de droite parmi la jeunesse de Berlin-Est et Ouest. S'appuyant sur la theorie du capital social (Coleman) et la relation personne/environnement dans l'approche de la socialisation (Elder), un modele est dessine qui voit dans les activites de loisirs pro-delinquants le premier risque majeur de delinquance et d'Extremisme de droite. L'anomie, durant les crises societales, est percue comme le second risque majeur. Les succes a l'ecole et le tutorat parental apparaissent comme des facteurs protecteurs contre la delinquance et l'Extremisme de droite parce qu'ils reduisent la participation des adolescents dans les activites semblables aux pro-delinquantes. Le modele est teste dans un panel socialement heterogene d'eleves de la septieme a la dixieme des deux parties de Berlin (N = 590) interroges en 1992 et 1993. Les resultats, en general, soulignent les effets attendus, l'anomie cependant, ayant aussi une influence grandissante sur l'Extremisme de droite. Contrairement a nos assertions, le tutorat parental n'emerge pas comme un facteur protecteur. The study provides empirical evidence on risks for and protective factors against juvenile delinquency and Right-Wing Extremism among German youth from East and West Berlin. Drawing on social capital theory (Coleman) and the person-by-context approach to socialisation (Elder) a model is forwarded that sees pro-delinquent leisure activities as the primary risk factor for delinquency and Right-Wing Extremism. Anomie during societal crises is seen as secondary risk factor. School success and parental monitoring are conceptualised as protective factors against delinquency and Right-Wing Extremism in that they reduce adolescent participation in pro-delinquent peer activities. The model is tested in a socially heterogeneous panel of seventh to tenth graders from both parts of Berlin (N = 590) surveyed in 1992 and 1993. Results, in general, show the postulated effects. Anomie, however, also has a directly increasing influence on Right-Wing Extremism. Contrary to our assumptions, parental monitoring did not emerge as a protective factor.
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delinquency and disdain social capital and the control of right wing Extremism among east and west berlin youth
American Journal of Sociology, 1995Co-Authors: John Hagan, Hans Merkens, Klaus BoehnkeAbstract:The authors link the notion of subterranean traditions to the concepts of control theory, anomic aspirations, and social capital to explain Right-Wing Extremism and school delinquency among German Youth. Weakened informal social controls and anomic aspirations lead to delinquent drift and extremist and delinquent involvements. East Berlin youth are uniquely exposed and vulnerable to anomic aspirations and associated Right-Wing Extremism, but their schools and parents play significant roles in suppressing their rightwing attitudes. Schools and families are underappreciated sources of informal social control and resulting social capital that constrain Right-Wing Extremism and related problems of young people during a period of rapid social change in the former East Germany.
