The Experts below are selected from a list of 4089 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gerald J. Zagury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Children’s Exposure to Mercury-Contaminated Soils: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Mert Guney, Bruno Welfringer, Carl Repentigny, Gerald J. ZaguryAbstract:Exposure to mercury (Hg)-contaminated soils may pose a health Risk to children by way of oral, dermal, and inhalatory pathways. However, Risk Characterization studies, including contaminant bioaccessibility with child-specific exposure parameters and scenarios, are lacking. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess children’s Hg exposure using Characterization and oral bioaccessibility data from Hg-contaminated soils characterized in previous studies ( n = 8); and (2) to characterize probabilistic Risk in terms of hazard index (HI) considering ingestion, dermal, and inhalation pathways. Total Hg concentrations in soils ranged from 2.61 to 1.15 × 10^4 mg kg^−1. For moderately contaminated soils (S1–S5: Hg ≤ 12.15 mg kg^−1), low oral bioaccessibility values (1.5–7.5 %) lead to HI
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Children’s Exposure to Mercury-Contaminated Soils: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Mert Guney, Bruno Welfringer, Carl Repentigny, Gerald J. ZaguryAbstract:Exposure to mercury (Hg)-contaminated soils may pose a health Risk to children by way of oral, dermal, and inhalatory pathways. However, Risk Characterization studies, including contaminant bioaccessibility with child-specific exposure parameters and scenarios, are lacking. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess children’s Hg exposure using Characterization and oral bioaccessibility data from Hg-contaminated soils characterized in previous studies (n = 8); and (2) to characterize probabilistic Risk in terms of hazard index (HI) considering ingestion, dermal, and inhalation pathways. Total Hg concentrations in soils ranged from 2.61 to 1.15 × 104 mg kg−1. For moderately contaminated soils (S1–S5: Hg ≤ 12.15 mg kg−1), low oral bioaccessibility values (1.5–7.5 %) lead to HI < 1 in all scenarios. However, exposure to highly contaminated soils (S6–S8) may pose serious Risks to children under normal exposure (HI 0.89–66.5) and soil–pica behaviour scenarios (HI up to 131). All three pathways significantly contributed to the Risk. Using total Hg concentrations in calculations (assuming 100 % bioavailability) instead of considering Hg bioavailability leads to Risk overestimation. Further research on oral, inhalatory, and dermal bioavailability of Hg, as well as child play behaviour, is recommended to obtain more accurate Risk estimates.
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exposure assessment and Risk Characterization from trace elements following soil ingestion by children exposed to playgrounds parks and picnic areas
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010Co-Authors: Mert Guney, Gerald J. Zagury, Nurten Dogan, Turgut T OnayAbstract:Soil ingestion is an important pathway for exposure to metals for children. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Assess urban soil contamination by selected metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in 24 sites (127 soil samples) in Istanbul, Turkey, (2) Investigate relationships between soil contamination and site properties (type of site, equipment type, soil properties), (3) Characterize the Risk for critically contaminated sites by taking oral metal bioaccessibility and two soil ingestion scenarios into account. Average metal concentrations were similar in the 17 playgrounds, 4 parks and 3 picnic areas sampled. Five out of 24 sites (all equipped with treated wood structures) had systematically higher contamination than background for As, Cu, Cr or Zn, and measured concentrations generally exceeded Turkish regulatory values. High Cu concentrations in these sites were attributed to the leaching from wood treated with Cu-containing preservatives other than chromated copper arsenate (CCA). Risk Characterization for these sites showed that hazard index was below one in both involuntary soil ingestion and soil pica behaviour scenarios for all metals. However, probabilistic carcinogenic Risk for As uptake exceeded 1 × 10−6 in both scenarios. A sensitivity analysis showed that soil ingestion rate was the most important parameter affecting Risk estimation. Risk from As uptake for children from soils of parks, playgrounds and picnic areas may be serious, especially if soil pica behaviour is present.
Mert Guney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Contamination by As, Hg, and Sb in a region with geogenic As anomaly and subsequent human health Risk Characterization.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019Co-Authors: Mert Guney, Tuna Karatas, Cafer Özkul, Nihat Hakan Akyol, Recep Uğur AcarAbstract:Arsenic (As) is among the most harmful toxic elements to human health with severe carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. The present study aims to (1) characterize a site with geogenic As anomaly (Emet basin) in Kutahya, Turkey via soil (urban, agriculture, forest; n = 53 total), water (n = 11), and agricultural product (n = 19) samples; and, (2) characterize human health Risks for different receptors under specific exposure scenarios. Soil As levels were very high (range, 22.4-765 mg kg(-1)). Previous literature suggested some evidence of Sb and Hg combined with As in mineral forms in the region; the present study found elevated Sb (up to 76.0 mg kg(-1)) in two regions with very high As levels, but Hg concentrations were low in the region. Soils from urban/agricultural zones (representing anthropogenic impact) did not have statistically different As levels compared with forest soils (representing low/no human impact). As water concentrations were also very high (range, 14.0-729 mug L(-1)), however, uptake by agricultural products was low, mostly limited to wheat (up to 0.7 mg kg(-1)). Exposure assessment/Risk Characterization showed that non-carcinogenic Risk following exposure to soils was very high for children (hazard index up to 37 under reasonable maximum exposure) as well as carcinogenic Risk (probability up to 1.19E-3). The Risk was even higher considering intake of water, and in this case, both for children and adults (HI, 4.0-66.6; cancer Risk, 1.29E-4-1.84E-2). The potential adverse outcomes of the As anomaly in the region may be grave, thus further geochemical investigation of As speciation and mobile fractions as well as gastrointestinal As bioaccessibility supplementing probabilistic human health Risk Characterization are recommended.
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Children’s Exposure to Mercury-Contaminated Soils: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Mert Guney, Bruno Welfringer, Carl Repentigny, Gerald J. ZaguryAbstract:Exposure to mercury (Hg)-contaminated soils may pose a health Risk to children by way of oral, dermal, and inhalatory pathways. However, Risk Characterization studies, including contaminant bioaccessibility with child-specific exposure parameters and scenarios, are lacking. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess children’s Hg exposure using Characterization and oral bioaccessibility data from Hg-contaminated soils characterized in previous studies ( n = 8); and (2) to characterize probabilistic Risk in terms of hazard index (HI) considering ingestion, dermal, and inhalation pathways. Total Hg concentrations in soils ranged from 2.61 to 1.15 × 10^4 mg kg^−1. For moderately contaminated soils (S1–S5: Hg ≤ 12.15 mg kg^−1), low oral bioaccessibility values (1.5–7.5 %) lead to HI
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Children’s Exposure to Mercury-Contaminated Soils: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Mert Guney, Bruno Welfringer, Carl Repentigny, Gerald J. ZaguryAbstract:Exposure to mercury (Hg)-contaminated soils may pose a health Risk to children by way of oral, dermal, and inhalatory pathways. However, Risk Characterization studies, including contaminant bioaccessibility with child-specific exposure parameters and scenarios, are lacking. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess children’s Hg exposure using Characterization and oral bioaccessibility data from Hg-contaminated soils characterized in previous studies (n = 8); and (2) to characterize probabilistic Risk in terms of hazard index (HI) considering ingestion, dermal, and inhalation pathways. Total Hg concentrations in soils ranged from 2.61 to 1.15 × 104 mg kg−1. For moderately contaminated soils (S1–S5: Hg ≤ 12.15 mg kg−1), low oral bioaccessibility values (1.5–7.5 %) lead to HI < 1 in all scenarios. However, exposure to highly contaminated soils (S6–S8) may pose serious Risks to children under normal exposure (HI 0.89–66.5) and soil–pica behaviour scenarios (HI up to 131). All three pathways significantly contributed to the Risk. Using total Hg concentrations in calculations (assuming 100 % bioavailability) instead of considering Hg bioavailability leads to Risk overestimation. Further research on oral, inhalatory, and dermal bioavailability of Hg, as well as child play behaviour, is recommended to obtain more accurate Risk estimates.
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exposure assessment and Risk Characterization from trace elements following soil ingestion by children exposed to playgrounds parks and picnic areas
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010Co-Authors: Mert Guney, Gerald J. Zagury, Nurten Dogan, Turgut T OnayAbstract:Soil ingestion is an important pathway for exposure to metals for children. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Assess urban soil contamination by selected metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in 24 sites (127 soil samples) in Istanbul, Turkey, (2) Investigate relationships between soil contamination and site properties (type of site, equipment type, soil properties), (3) Characterize the Risk for critically contaminated sites by taking oral metal bioaccessibility and two soil ingestion scenarios into account. Average metal concentrations were similar in the 17 playgrounds, 4 parks and 3 picnic areas sampled. Five out of 24 sites (all equipped with treated wood structures) had systematically higher contamination than background for As, Cu, Cr or Zn, and measured concentrations generally exceeded Turkish regulatory values. High Cu concentrations in these sites were attributed to the leaching from wood treated with Cu-containing preservatives other than chromated copper arsenate (CCA). Risk Characterization for these sites showed that hazard index was below one in both involuntary soil ingestion and soil pica behaviour scenarios for all metals. However, probabilistic carcinogenic Risk for As uptake exceeded 1 × 10−6 in both scenarios. A sensitivity analysis showed that soil ingestion rate was the most important parameter affecting Risk estimation. Risk from As uptake for children from soils of parks, playgrounds and picnic areas may be serious, especially if soil pica behaviour is present.
Zijian Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The use of a disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) metric to measure human health damage resulting from pesticide maximum legal exposures
Science of The Total Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Zijian LiAbstract:Abstract Most agencies around the world have developed a separate regulation frameworks for pesticides with different modes of action, likely because of the lack of a uniform quantification for health damage, which may underestimate pesticides' impact on human health and disease burden. In this study, the disability-adjusted life-year, a uniform metric used to express the human health impact and damage, was used to measure theoretical health damage resulting from maximum exposure as permitted by law to the most widely used pesticides. The total human Risk Characterization factors computed from chlorpyrifos and diazinon standard values through main exposure routes are generally larger than that of other widely used pesticides, and most factors of chlorpyrifos exceed the upper bounds of health Risk. In addition, the damages to human health quantified from soil legal exposure to these widely used pesticides are much lower than that from exposure to drinking water or foods, which could help derive exposure allocation factors for different exposure routes. A total of 412 (28.3% of the total) computed total Risk Characterization factors of the 13 pesticides exceed the upper bound of tolerable Risk uncertainty. Some nations, such as those in Europe, have adopted uniform and strict pesticide standard values as well as some computed Risk Characterization factors presented in the consensus data cluster. In addition, the results of an analysis on the geographical distribution of health Risk Characterization factors indicated that European nations have provided more conservative pesticide standard values in general. It is hoped that regulatory agencies can apply this uniform metric to compare and formulate legal limits for pesticides that have different modes of action.
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health Risk Characterization of maximum legal exposures for persistent organic pollutant pop pesticides in residential soil an analysis
Journal of Environmental Management, 2018Co-Authors: Zijian LiAbstract:Abstract Regulations for pesticides in soil are important for controlling human health Risk; humans can be exposed to pesticides by ingesting soil, inhaling soil dust, and through dermal contact. Previous studies focused on analyses of numerical standard values for pesticides and evaluated the same pesticide using different standards among different jurisdictions. To understand the health consequences associated with pesticide soil standard values, lifetime theoretical maximum contribution and Risk Characterization factors were used in this study to quantify the severity of damage using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) under the maximum “legal” exposure to persistent organic pollutant (POP) pesticides that are commonly regulated by the Stockholm Convention. Results show that computed soil Characterization factors for some pesticides present lognormal distributions, and some of them have DALY values higher than 1000.0 per million population (e.g., the DALY for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT] is 14,065 in the Netherlands, which exceeds the tolerable Risk of uncertainty upper bound of 1380.0 DALYs). Health Risk Characterization factors computed from national jurisdictions illustrate that values can vary over eight orders of magnitude. Further, the computed Characterization factors can vary over four orders of magnitude within the same national jurisdiction. These data indicate that there is little agreement regarding pesticide soil regulatory guidance values (RGVs) among worldwide national jurisdictions or even RGV standard values within the same jurisdiction. Among these POP pesticides, lindane has the lowest median (0.16 DALYs) and geometric mean (0.28 DALYs) Risk Characterization factors, indicating that worldwide national jurisdictions provide relatively conservative soil RGVs for lindane. In addition, we found that some European nations and members of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics share the same pesticide RGVs and data clusters for the computed Characterization factors.
Carl Repentigny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Children’s Exposure to Mercury-Contaminated Soils: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Mert Guney, Bruno Welfringer, Carl Repentigny, Gerald J. ZaguryAbstract:Exposure to mercury (Hg)-contaminated soils may pose a health Risk to children by way of oral, dermal, and inhalatory pathways. However, Risk Characterization studies, including contaminant bioaccessibility with child-specific exposure parameters and scenarios, are lacking. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess children’s Hg exposure using Characterization and oral bioaccessibility data from Hg-contaminated soils characterized in previous studies ( n = 8); and (2) to characterize probabilistic Risk in terms of hazard index (HI) considering ingestion, dermal, and inhalation pathways. Total Hg concentrations in soils ranged from 2.61 to 1.15 × 10^4 mg kg^−1. For moderately contaminated soils (S1–S5: Hg ≤ 12.15 mg kg^−1), low oral bioaccessibility values (1.5–7.5 %) lead to HI
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Children’s Exposure to Mercury-Contaminated Soils: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Mert Guney, Bruno Welfringer, Carl Repentigny, Gerald J. ZaguryAbstract:Exposure to mercury (Hg)-contaminated soils may pose a health Risk to children by way of oral, dermal, and inhalatory pathways. However, Risk Characterization studies, including contaminant bioaccessibility with child-specific exposure parameters and scenarios, are lacking. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess children’s Hg exposure using Characterization and oral bioaccessibility data from Hg-contaminated soils characterized in previous studies (n = 8); and (2) to characterize probabilistic Risk in terms of hazard index (HI) considering ingestion, dermal, and inhalation pathways. Total Hg concentrations in soils ranged from 2.61 to 1.15 × 104 mg kg−1. For moderately contaminated soils (S1–S5: Hg ≤ 12.15 mg kg−1), low oral bioaccessibility values (1.5–7.5 %) lead to HI < 1 in all scenarios. However, exposure to highly contaminated soils (S6–S8) may pose serious Risks to children under normal exposure (HI 0.89–66.5) and soil–pica behaviour scenarios (HI up to 131). All three pathways significantly contributed to the Risk. Using total Hg concentrations in calculations (assuming 100 % bioavailability) instead of considering Hg bioavailability leads to Risk overestimation. Further research on oral, inhalatory, and dermal bioavailability of Hg, as well as child play behaviour, is recommended to obtain more accurate Risk estimates.
Bruno Welfringer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Children’s Exposure to Mercury-Contaminated Soils: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Mert Guney, Bruno Welfringer, Carl Repentigny, Gerald J. ZaguryAbstract:Exposure to mercury (Hg)-contaminated soils may pose a health Risk to children by way of oral, dermal, and inhalatory pathways. However, Risk Characterization studies, including contaminant bioaccessibility with child-specific exposure parameters and scenarios, are lacking. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess children’s Hg exposure using Characterization and oral bioaccessibility data from Hg-contaminated soils characterized in previous studies ( n = 8); and (2) to characterize probabilistic Risk in terms of hazard index (HI) considering ingestion, dermal, and inhalation pathways. Total Hg concentrations in soils ranged from 2.61 to 1.15 × 10^4 mg kg^−1. For moderately contaminated soils (S1–S5: Hg ≤ 12.15 mg kg^−1), low oral bioaccessibility values (1.5–7.5 %) lead to HI
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Children’s Exposure to Mercury-Contaminated Soils: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Mert Guney, Bruno Welfringer, Carl Repentigny, Gerald J. ZaguryAbstract:Exposure to mercury (Hg)-contaminated soils may pose a health Risk to children by way of oral, dermal, and inhalatory pathways. However, Risk Characterization studies, including contaminant bioaccessibility with child-specific exposure parameters and scenarios, are lacking. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess children’s Hg exposure using Characterization and oral bioaccessibility data from Hg-contaminated soils characterized in previous studies (n = 8); and (2) to characterize probabilistic Risk in terms of hazard index (HI) considering ingestion, dermal, and inhalation pathways. Total Hg concentrations in soils ranged from 2.61 to 1.15 × 104 mg kg−1. For moderately contaminated soils (S1–S5: Hg ≤ 12.15 mg kg−1), low oral bioaccessibility values (1.5–7.5 %) lead to HI < 1 in all scenarios. However, exposure to highly contaminated soils (S6–S8) may pose serious Risks to children under normal exposure (HI 0.89–66.5) and soil–pica behaviour scenarios (HI up to 131). All three pathways significantly contributed to the Risk. Using total Hg concentrations in calculations (assuming 100 % bioavailability) instead of considering Hg bioavailability leads to Risk overestimation. Further research on oral, inhalatory, and dermal bioavailability of Hg, as well as child play behaviour, is recommended to obtain more accurate Risk estimates.
