The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Heidelore Fiedler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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regional occurrence of perfluoroalkane substances in human milk for the global monitoring plan under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants during 2016 2019
Chemosphere, 2021Co-Authors: Heidelore Fiedler, Mohammad SadiaAbstract:Abstract The human milk monitoring component of the global monitoring plan under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants was implemented from 2016 to 2019 and had 44 human milk samples from primiparae collected in 42 countries and analyzed for perfluoroalkane substances (PFAS), at the MTM Research Centre at Orebro University, Sweden. The targeted compounds were restricted to the two listed PFAS (perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, PFOS and perfluorooctane carboxylic acid, PFOA) and the one recommended PFAS (perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, PFHxS). PFOA was quantified in all 44 samples in a quite narrow range (6.20 pg/g-37.4 pg/g); PFHxS was quantifiable in only four samples (max. 111 pg/g), and PFOS in 36 samples across a wide range (
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global interlaboratory assessments of perfluoroalkyl substances under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants
Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Heidelore Fiedler, I Van Der Veen, J De BoerAbstract:Abstract The Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) according to article 16 of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) requires that POP laboratories must be capable – at any time – to analyse samples for POPs within a variation of ±25%. Based on this target error of 25%, a statistical model using z-scores was applied to assess the performance of analytical laboratories for POPs and a number of matrices. Since the second round of these ‘Bi-ennial Global Interlaboratory Assessment on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)’, carried out in 2012/2013, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been included into the proficiency tests. The third round was carried out in 2016/2017. The test materials included test solutions of PFASs analytical standards, the abiotic matrices sediment, air (extract) and water and the biotic matrices fish, human milk and human plasma. The number of laboratories submitting results for PFASs remained quite stable (IL2 = 27 laboratories; IL3 = 29), but there was broader geographic distribution observed in IL3: in addition to the laboratories from Asia and the Western Europe/other groups, two laboratories from Africa participated, two from Central-Eastern Europe and one from the Latin American/Caribbean region. Considering that PFASs were introduced for the first time in round 2, the results were good to reasonable compared to those of a number of other POPs included in the same study. However, it shall also be mentioned that for some matrices and PFASs, the number of laboratories submitting results was too small and the results too scattered to derive a consensus value. This was especially true for the PFOS precursor compounds and the air matrix. Also, laboratories struggle with the analysis of the branched PFOS isomers. These interlaboratory assessments on PFASs gave promising results and demonstrated the importance of proficiency tests in an international environment to generate trust in laboratory results. The need to participate regularly in such intercomparison assessments is highlighted. The results show the current level of PFAS analysis, which varies by laboratory and by matrix rather than per geographic region.
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the Stockholm Convention a tool for the global regulation of persistent organic pollutants
Chemistry international, 2019Co-Authors: Heidelore Fiedler, Roland Kallenborn, Jacob De Boer, Leiv K SydnesAbstract:The aim of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is to eliminate persistent organic chemicals worldwide by either prohibiting their production and use or gradually reducing them. The Stockholm Convention was adopted in 2001 and entered into force in 2004, 90 days after receiving the 50th instrument of ratification. The Parties to the Convention have to regularly report progress in implementation of their measures taken to achieve the goals. The Convention has a mechanism to add more compounds; today 28 POPs are covered, 16 more than the initial ones.
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review of progress in pcb elimination under the Stockholm Convention on pops status report 2019
Organohalogen compounds, 2019Co-Authors: Heidelore Fiedler, Kei Ohno, Edwin Camelo MartinezAbstract:Highlights of progress report by intersessional working group to assess present status towards elimination of PCB under the Stockholm Convention.
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ten years after entry into force of the Stockholm Convention what do air monitoring data tell about its effectiveness
Environmental Pollution, 2016Co-Authors: Henry Wohrnschimmel, Martin Scheringer, Ronald A Hites, Christian Bogdal, Hayley Hung, Amina Salamova, Marta Venier, Athanasios Katsoyiannis, Konrad Hungerbuhler, Heidelore FiedlerAbstract:More than a decade ago, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), one of the multilateral environmental agreements administered by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), entered into force. The objective of this Convention is to protect human health and the environment by controlling the releases of POPs. According to its Article 16, the effectiveness of the Stockholm Convention shall be evaluated using comparable monitoring data on the presence of POPs as well as their regional and global environmental transport. Here, we present a time series analysis on atmospheric POP concentrations from 15 monitoring stations in North America and Europe that provide long-term data and have started operations between 1990 and 2003. We systematically searched for temporal trends and significant structural changes in temporal trends that might result from the provisions of the Stockholm Convention. We find that such structural changes do occur, but they are related mostly to effects of national regulations enforced prior to the implementation of the Stockholm Convention, rather than to the enforcement of the provisions laid out in the Convention. One example is that concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, many of which started to decrease rapidly during the 1990s. Also effects of chemical transport and fate, for instance the re-volatilization of POPs from secondary sources, are thought to be a cause of some of the observed structural changes. We conclude that a decade of air monitoring data has not been sufficient for detecting general and statistically significant effects of the Stockholm Convention. Based on these lessons, we present recommendations for the future operation of existing monitoring programs and advocate for a stricter enforcement of the provisions of the Stockholm Convention, in the current absence of proof for its effectiveness.
Rainer Lohmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identifying the research needs in the global assessment of toxic compounds 10 years after the signature of the Stockholm Convention
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2012Co-Authors: Gerhard Lammel, Rainer LohmannAbstract:Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are targeted by the Stockholm Convention for reduction and eventual elimination from production, trade and release. All POPs share properties that make them long lived (persistent), get enriched along the food chains (bioaccumulative), present at elevated concentrations in remote locations (prone to long-range transport) and elicit adverse effects (toxic). Since its adoption on 22 May 2001, the Convention has identified just over 20 chemicals and groups of compounds as POPs. These include the original ‘dirty dozen’ compounds as the coming into force of the Convention (aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, toxaphene, DDT, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls), followed by another nine compounds in 2009 (chlordecone; hexabromobiphenyl; tetra-, penta-, hexaand hepta bromodiphenylether; α-hexachlorocyclohexane; β-HCH; γ-HCH (lindane); pentachlorobenzene; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride). In 2011, endosulfan was added to the list. Ten years later, after the adoption of the Convention, an expert meeting was organized by the Regional Centre of the Stockholm Convention for capacity building and transfer of technology in Central and Eastern Europe, the Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment of Masaryk University, and held in Brno, Czech Republic, on May 22–24, 2011, with the support of the Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention (SSC), the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic, the European Association for Chemical and Molecular Sciences—Division of Chemistry and the Environment and the American Chemical Society. The topics addressed were on aims and instruments of the Convention and cooperation with related Conventions (Rotterdam, Basel) and protocols, national policies and stakeholders, in particular science. The workshop participants assessed progress with the Stockholm Convention and identified major knowledge gaps, challenges and research needs associated with the global assessment of hazardous chemicals. The expertise of 40 invited scientists from 16 countries of three UN regions was sought and supplemented by experience of the representatives of the SSC, UNEP, and government. Their expertise encompasses the fields of environmental chemistry and exposure modelling; monitoring of air, water and biota including human exposure, effects and risks; and data interpretation and management. The participants identified 10 major priority areas for future work (Klanova et al. 2011): Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
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use of passive sampling devices for monitoring and compliance checking of pop concentrations in water
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2012Co-Authors: Rainer Lohmann, Kees Booij, Foppe Smedes, Branislav VranaAbstract:Background The state of the art of passive water sampling of (nonpolar) organic contaminants is presented. Its suitability for regulatory monitoring is discussed, with an emphasis on the information yielded by passive sampling devices (PSDs), their relevance and associated uncertainties. Almost all persistent organic pollutants (POPs) targeted by the Stockholm Convention are nonpolar or weakly polar, hydrophobic substances, making them ideal targets for sampling in water using PSDs. Widely used nonpolar PSDs include semi-permeable membrane devices, low-density polyethylene and silicone rubber.
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identifying the research and infrastructure needs for the global assessment of hazardous chemicals ten years after establishing the Stockholm Convention
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Jana Klanova, Rainer Lohmann, Martin Scheringer, Kevin C Jones, M Diamond, Gerhard Lammel, Nicola Pirrone, Catia Balducci, Terry F Bidleman, K BlahaAbstract:Identifying the Research and Infrastructure Needs for the Global Assessment of Hazardous Chemicals Ten Years after Establishing the Stockholm Convention
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identifying the research and infrastructure needs for the global assessment of hazardous chemicals ten years after establishing the Stockholm Convention
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Jana Klanova, Rainer Lohmann, Martin Scheringer, Kevin C Jones, M Diamond, Gerhard Lammel, Nicola Pirrone, Catia Balducci, Terry F Bidleman, K BlahaAbstract:Identifying the Research and Infrastructure Needs for the Global Assessment of Hazardous Chemicals Ten Years after Establishing the Stockholm Convention
Aaron A Jennings - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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residential surface soil guidance applied worldwide to the pesticides added to the Stockholm Convention in 2009 and 2011
Journal of Environmental Management, 2015Co-Authors: Aaron A JenningsAbstract:Abstract Due to the widespread use of agricultural and residential pesticides, the potential for pesticide soil contamination is a worldwide concern. In response, regulatory jurisdictions in at least 54 nations have promulgated guidance values to specify the maximum allowable concentration of pesticides in soils. Guidance values may be found for more than 700 pesticides. A previous analysis examined the values applied to the original “dirty dozen” persistent organic pollutant (POP) pesticides that were addressed in the 2001 Stockholm Convention (Aldrin, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor, Mirex, and Toxaphene). Results are presented here for the “new POP” pesticides that were added to the Stockholm Convention in 2009 and 2011 (isomers of Hexachlorocyclohexane, Chlordecone, and isomers of Endosulfan). The guidance value extremes used worldwide for these pesticides vary by as much as 8.5 orders of magnitude and the randomness in their distributions resembles that of lognormal random variables. However, there are nonrandom value clusters in some distributions that may identify values around which consensuses are forming. The current value distributions imply that a wide range of human health risks are being accepted. Hopefully, the results presented will help regulatory jurisdictions and the regulated communities identify values that should be revised to be adequately protective of human health.
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residential surface soil guidance values applied worldwide to the original 2001 Stockholm Convention pop pesticides
Journal of Environmental Management, 2015Co-Authors: Aaron A JenningsAbstract:Surface soil contamination is a worldwide problem. Many regulatory jurisdictions attempt to control human exposures with regulatory guidance values (RGVs) that specify a soil's maximum allowable concentration. Pesticides are important soil contaminants because of their intentional toxicity and widespread surface soil application. Worldwide, at least 174 regulatory jurisdictions from 54 United Nations member states have published more than 19,400 pesticide RGVs for at least 739 chemically unique pesticides. This manuscript examines the variability of the guidance values that are applied worldwide to the original 2001 Stockholm Convention persistent organic pollutants (POP) pesticides (Aldrin, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor, Mirex, and Toxaphene) for which at least 1667 RGVs have been promulgated. Results indicate that the spans of the RGVs applied to each of these pesticides vary from 6.1 orders of magnitude for Toxaphene to 10.0 orders of magnitude for Mirex. The distribution of values across these value spans resembles the distribution of lognormal random variables, but also contain non-random value clusters. Approximately 40% of all the POP RGVs fall within uncertainty bounds computed from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) RGV cancer risk model. Another 22% of the values fall within uncertainty bounds computed from the USEPA's non-cancer risk model, but the cancer risk calculations yield the binding (lowest) value for all POP pesticides except Endrin. The results presented emphasize the continued need to rationalize the RGVs applied worldwide to important soil contaminants.
Guibin Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On the environmental health effects and socio-economic considerations of the potential listing of short-chain chlorinated paraffins into the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Environmental science & technology, 2013Co-Authors: Thanh Wang, Yawei Wang, Guibin JiangAbstract:On the environmental health effects and socio-economic considerations of the potential listing of short-chain chlorinated paraffins into the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
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levels and distribution patterns of short chain chlorinated paraffins in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in china
Environmental Pollution, 2012Co-Authors: Lixi Zeng, Thanh Wang, Yawei Wang, Ting Ruan, Qian Liu, Guibin JiangAbstract:Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are listed as persistent organic pollutant candidates in the Stockholm Convention and are receiving more and more attentions worldwide. In general, concentrations of contaminants in sewage sludge can give an important indication on their pollution levels at a local/regional basis. In this study, SCCPs were investigated in sewage sludge samples collected from 52 wastewater treatment plants in China. Concentrations of total SCCPs (Sigma SCCPs) in sludge were in the range of 0.80-52.7 mu g/g dry weight (dw), with a mean value of 10.7 mu g/g dw. Most of SCCPs in the sludge samples showed a similar congener distribution patterns, and C-11 and Cl-7,Cl-8 were identified as the dominant carbon and chlorine congener groups. Significant linear relationships were found among different SCCP congener groups (r(2) > 0.9). High concentrations of SCCPs in sewage sludge imply that SCCPs are widely present in China. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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perspectives on the inclusion of perfluorooctane sulfonate into the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants
Environmental Science & Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Thanh Wang, Yawei Wang, Chunyang Liao, Yaqi Cai, Guibin JiangAbstract:Reflections on the inclusion of perfluorooctane sulfonate into the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.
Jongguk Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distributions of new Stockholm Convention pops in soils across south korea
Science of The Total Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Eun Jung Kim, Yumi Park, Jongeun Park, Jongguk KimAbstract:Abstract In this study, we monitored the newly added Stockholm Convention persistent organic pollutants (POPs) HCHs, PeCBz, endosulfans, chlordecone, PBDEs, PBBs and PFCs in industrial, urban, and agricultural soils in South Korea, in order to evaluate their distributions and potential sources. These POPs were widely distributed throughout South Korea, and their concentrations and distributions were affected by land use, reflecting their sources. The overall concentrations of HCHs, PeCBz, endosulfans, PBDEs, and PFCs in soils were in the range of ND (non-detectable)–0.358 ng/g (average ± standard deviation: 0.060 ± 0.080 ng/g), ND–0.531 ng/g (0.083 ± 0.133 ng/g), 0.058–8.42 ng/g (2.19 ± 2.43 ng/g), 0.004–4.78 ng/g (0.68 ± 1.06 ng/g), and ND–1.62 ng/g (0.50 ± 0.46 ng/g), respectively. Agricultural soils showed the highest concentration of endosulfan, which was the most recently used pesticide monitored in this study. On the other hand, industrial soils contained the highest concentrations of PeCBz, PBDEs, and PFCs, which were mainly introduced to environment via the industrial activities.
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survey on organochlorine pesticides pcdd fs dioxin like pcbs and hcb in sediments from the han river korea
Chemosphere, 2009Co-Authors: Kyoungsoo Kim, Sang Chun Lee, Kiho Kim, Won Joon Shim, Sang Hee Hong, Kyunghee Choi, Jun Heon Yoon, Jongguk KimAbstract:Abstract The contamination status of twelve persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on the Stockholm Convention in the surface sediments of Han river, which is one of the largest river in the South Korea were investigated. Five organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, mirex, and ΣCHLs (α-chlordane, γ-chlordane, cis -nonachlor, trans -nonachlor, and heptachlor) were not detected in all sediment samples. The overall concentrations of DDTs, HCB, dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) and PCDD/Fs were in the range of 1.05–8.94 μg kg −1 (average value: 3.93 μg kg −1 ), 0.485–3.73 μg kg −1 (1.48 μg kg −1 ), 41.5–4,530 ng kg −1 (548 ng kg −1 ), and 23.1–368 ng kg −1 (131 ng kg −1 ), respectively. The principal source of HCB, DL-PCBs and PCDD/Fs was identified as a deposition in this study. For the DL-PCBs, it was also shown that commercial PCBs product (Kanechlor 500 and/or Aroclor 1254) plays a role as a source in sediment.
