The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joseph Buongiorno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
on the accuracy of international forest product statistics
Forestry, 2018Co-Authors: Joseph BuongiornoAbstract:To judge the accuracy of international forest product statistics, we checked the consistency of the reported consumption of wood and fiber with the production of wood products. Using goal programming, we estimated for 180 countries the consumption of industrial Roundwood and of paper-making fibers nearest to the reported consumption, given the reported production of sawnwood, wood-based panels, pulp and paper and paperboard, and prior estimates of the input–output coefficients. The results suggested that for the 3-year average 2013–2015, industrial Roundwood consumption was under-reported in 57 countries by a total amount of 368 million m³ and over reported in 44 countries by a total of 16 million m³. The largest under-reporting was for China for which the reported consumption of industrial Roundwood was 237 million m³, or 57 per cent less than the estimated. The largest over reporting was for India, by 11 million m³, or 24 per cent. For paper-making fibers, reported consumption was less than the estimated in 62 countries for a total of 11.3 million t, and it was more than the estimated in 61 countries, for a total of 3.2 million t. The largest under-reported amount was for India: 2.6 million t, or 20 per cent of the estimated, a difference that was entirely attributed to the under-reporting of recovered paper consumption. The largest over reported consumption of paper-making fibers was for Spain, nearly 1 million t, or 24 per cent, attributed to over reporting of recovered paper consumption. The main source of the discrepancies was in the production statistics rather than trade. Only in some instances was the presumption of illegal logging consistent with the discrepancy, or lack thereof, between reported and estimated consumption of industrial Roundwood.
-
consequences of increasing bioenergy demand on wood and forests an application of the global forest products model
Journal of Forest Economics, 2011Co-Authors: Joseph Buongiorno, Ronald Raunikar, Shushuai ZhuAbstract:The Global Forest Products Model (GFPM) was applied to project the consequences for the global forest sector of doubling the rate of growth of bioenergy demand relative to a base scenario, other drivers being maintained constant. The results showed that this would lead to the convergence of the price of fuelwood and industrial Roundwood, raising the price of industrial Roundwood by nearly 30% in 2030. The price of sawnwood and panels would be 15% higher. The price of paper would be 3% higher. Concurrently, the demand for all manufactured wood products would be lower in all countries, but the production would rise in countries with competitive advantage. The global value added in wood processing industries would be 1% lower in 2030. The forest stock would be 2% lower for the world and 4% lower for Asia. These effects varied substantially by country.
-
long term effects of eliminating illegal logging on the world forest industries trade and inventory
Forest Policy and Economics, 2008Co-Authors: Joseph Buongiorno, James A. Turner, Shushuai Zhu, Jeffrey P. PrestemonAbstract:ARTICLE I NFO We assessed the impact on the world forest sector of a progressive elimination of illegal logging. The analysis compared predictions from 2007 to 2020, with and without a gradual reduction of illegally logged industrial Roundwood from 2007 to 2011. A large part of the curtailment of timber supply due to the stoppage of illegal logging would be compensated by increased legal production incited by higher prices. As a result, without illegal logging the world annual production of industrial Roundwood would decrease by no more than 1%, even though it would decrease by up to 8% in developing countries. World prices would rise by 1.5 to 3.5% for industrial Roundwood and by 0.5 to 2% for processed products, depending on the assumption on illegal logging rates. World consumer expenditures for wood products and producer revenues would rise by 1 to 2% without illegal logging. World value added in forest industries would remain the same. However, the changes in consumer expenditures would be more than double the changes in producer revenues in countries dependent on illegally logged timber of domestic or foreign origin such as Indonesia and China. Symmetrically, changes in producer revenues would be almost twice the changes in consumer expenditures in countries with little illegal logging and efficient industries, such as Canada, Germany and the United States. Value added in forest industries would decrease most in countries with heavy illegal logging (12% in Indonesia and up to 9% in Brazil), and it would increase most in Germany, Canada (4%), and the United States (2%). Without illegal logging, the world forest inventory would increase slightly, as the increase in developing countries would more than compensate the decrease in developed countries.
-
Implications of the Russian Roundwood export tax for the Russian and global wood products sectors
Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 2008Co-Authors: James A. Turner, Joseph Buongiorno, Andres Katz, Shushuai ZhuAbstract:Abstract Russia is the world's largest exporter of Roundwood, mainly to China, Finland and Japan. The Russian government recently announced an increase in its export tax on softwood Roundwood from the present 6.5% of export product value to 80% by January 2009. The effects of this policy on the world forest sector to 2020 were simulated with the Global Forest Products Model. The predicted results were lower Russian Roundwood exports and prices, lower global wood supply and higher world Roundwood prices. In response, the USA, Germany and New Zealand would increase production and export of Roundwood. Major consumers of Russian Roundwood would suffer a reduction in production and export of wood products. By 2020 Russian harvests and Roundwood exports would be 49 million m3 (19%) and 51 million m3 (50%) lower, respectively. The price of Roundwood in Russia would be 16% lower. This would encourage a modest increase in Russian forest product production: 1–3% higher. However, Russian export revenues would be US ...
Bruno Andersons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Life cycle inventory for currently harvested birch Roundwood
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2020Co-Authors: Edgars Kuka, Dace Cirule, Ingeborga Andersone, Ziedonis Miklasevics, Bruno AndersonsAbstract:Life cycle assessment is a valuable tool for evaluating the environmental performance of different products and services. According to the European Commission, forests are indispensable and the most effective strategy for climate change mitigation, although raw wood products (Roundwood, pulpwood and fuelwood) are not carbon neutral as previously thought because of the human activities during forest management processes. Apart from climate change, the production of raw wood products also contribute to other environmental impact categories. Previous studies have shown that the life cycle inventory (LCI) data for raw wood products should be collected from the site-specific not from more generic sources because of the significant differences in several geography- and technology-dependent factors. However, less discussed are time-dependent factors, which should also be acknowledged especially because of the long growing time of trees. By analysis of the forest management history, the main objective of the presented study was to determine which forest management activities were performed during the growth phase of currently harvested birch ( Betula spp.) Roundwood in Latvia and, based on these results compile the LCI. The results of the forest management history analysis showed that for currently produced birch Roundwood only logging operations should be considered in the LCI. Subsystems such as seed production, seedling production and silvicultural operations were not practiced or had only minor impact due to low mechanization level in the past. By taking into account the time-dependent factors (forest management practice, technology, legislation and composition of used chemicals), the LCI was developed and can be used in further calculations of environmental impacts for different wood-based products that are manufactured from currently harvested birch Roundwood in Latvia.
-
life cycle inventory for currently produced pine Roundwood
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Edgars Kuka, Dace Cirule, Ingeborga Andersone, Ziedonis Miklasevics, Bruno AndersonsAbstract:Abstract Life cycle inventory (LCI) is the basis for calculating the environmental impacts of different products. The overall guidelines for data collection and other related aspects are standardized in ISO 14040 and 14044 standards. The importance of such studies is increasing due to the sustainability concern we are facing today. It must be considered that raw wood products (Roundwood, pulpwood and fuelwood) are not carbon neutral as previously assumed. Large amounts of pine Roundwood are used in production of different wood products in Latvia, however the information about the environmental burdens associated with the Roundwood production is unknown. Moreover most of the life cycle assessment and LCI studies reported in literature use data characteristic of current forest management practices for describing the forest management over the whole tree growing time. However, it excludes the time aspect, which in case of pine covers at least hundred years during which the forestry has undergone fundamental changes. Such approach does not comply with ISO 14044 standard data quality requirements introducing a significant error in evaluation of environmental performance of wood products. The main objective of the present study was to determine which forest management processes should be included in the LCI for currently produced pine Roundwood in Latvia and based on these results compile the LCI. Forest management history analysis showed that only logging operations should be included in the system boundary. Seed production, seedling production and silvilcultural operations were not used or had only minor impact due to low mechanization level in the past. Taking into account the time aspect the LCI was developed and the results can be used for evaluating the environmental performance of wooden products manufactured by using currently produced pine Roundwood in Latvia. The proposed approach used in the study gives more accurate results of environmental impacts for currently produced Roundwood.
Michael J. Wingfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
changes in planted forests and future global implications
Forest Ecology and Management, 2015Co-Authors: T W Payn, Jeanmichel Carnus, P H Freersmith, Walter Kollert, Shirong Liu, Christophe Orazio, Luiz Carlos Estraviz Rodriguez, Mark O. Kimberley, Luis Da Silva, Michael J. WingfieldAbstract:Abstract This paper focuses on an analysis of planted forests data from the 2015 Forests Resources Assessment of the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FRA 2015). It forms one of a series of papers in the FRA 2015 special issue of this journal. While total forest area decreased from 4.28 billion hectares to 3.99 billion hectares from 1990 to 2015, with percent global forest cover dropping from 31.85% to 30.85%, the area of planted forests increased from 167.5 to 277.9 million hectares or 4.06% to 6.95% of total forest area. Increase was most rapid in the temperate zone, and regionally in East Asia, followed by Europe, North America, and Southern and Southeast Asia. However the annualised rate of increase in area of planted forests slowed in the 2010–2015 period to 1.2%, below the 2.4% rate suggested is needed to supply all of the world’s timber and fibre needs. The majority of planted forests comprised native species with only 18–19% of the total area being of introduced species. Introduced species were dominant in the southern hemisphere countries of South America, Oceania and Eastern and Southern Africa where industrial forestry is dominant. Twenty countries accounted for 85% of planted forest area and a different 20 countries for 87% of planted forest Roundwood supply. As with forest area, Roundwood supply from planted forests also showed an increasing trend although this was based on minimal data. There was a mismatch in composition and rankings of the top 20 countries with top forest area and Roundwood production suggesting that there are substantial opportunities to increase Roundwood production in the future, especially in China which has the largest area but is currently ranked 3rd in Roundwood production. Outlook statements were developed for the FAO sub regions based on past changes in planted forest area, population growth, and climate and forest health risks to identify key issues for the future. The overall view from this study suggests that climate impacts, especially from extreme climatic events will affect planted forests in the future and that forest health impacts can also be expected to increase. Outlooks vary regionally. Europe and North America are likely to be most concerned with climate and health risks; Asia will experience population pressure that will impact on land availability for new forests and risks from extreme weather events, and will need to make the most of its existing forests; Africa will need to increase planted forest area to offset continuing deforestation and rapid population growth; and Oceania, the Caribbean, Central and South America are likely to be most concerned with climate impacts. To ensure the continued contribution of planted forests, a number of responses will be required to both maintain existing and also to develop new forests. Intensification of production in existing forests will lessen the need for greater forest areas and offset any land use conflicts related to food security; climate adaptation strategies will need to be developed as a matter of urgency, and forest health focus must remain a priority for research. Establishment of new forests will be eased through greater community and stakeholder engagement. Application of models such as WWF’s New Generation Plantations, which recognises the importance of society and the need to consider the full range of forest products and services within the wider landscape and spectrum of land uses, will be important. We recommend that to enable deeper analysis related to planted forests future FRA Assessments consider ways to better gather data specific to planted forests such as productivity so that this important component of global forests can be better understood.
Edgars Kuka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Life cycle inventory for currently harvested birch Roundwood
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2020Co-Authors: Edgars Kuka, Dace Cirule, Ingeborga Andersone, Ziedonis Miklasevics, Bruno AndersonsAbstract:Life cycle assessment is a valuable tool for evaluating the environmental performance of different products and services. According to the European Commission, forests are indispensable and the most effective strategy for climate change mitigation, although raw wood products (Roundwood, pulpwood and fuelwood) are not carbon neutral as previously thought because of the human activities during forest management processes. Apart from climate change, the production of raw wood products also contribute to other environmental impact categories. Previous studies have shown that the life cycle inventory (LCI) data for raw wood products should be collected from the site-specific not from more generic sources because of the significant differences in several geography- and technology-dependent factors. However, less discussed are time-dependent factors, which should also be acknowledged especially because of the long growing time of trees. By analysis of the forest management history, the main objective of the presented study was to determine which forest management activities were performed during the growth phase of currently harvested birch ( Betula spp.) Roundwood in Latvia and, based on these results compile the LCI. The results of the forest management history analysis showed that for currently produced birch Roundwood only logging operations should be considered in the LCI. Subsystems such as seed production, seedling production and silvicultural operations were not practiced or had only minor impact due to low mechanization level in the past. By taking into account the time-dependent factors (forest management practice, technology, legislation and composition of used chemicals), the LCI was developed and can be used in further calculations of environmental impacts for different wood-based products that are manufactured from currently harvested birch Roundwood in Latvia.
-
life cycle inventory for currently produced pine Roundwood
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Edgars Kuka, Dace Cirule, Ingeborga Andersone, Ziedonis Miklasevics, Bruno AndersonsAbstract:Abstract Life cycle inventory (LCI) is the basis for calculating the environmental impacts of different products. The overall guidelines for data collection and other related aspects are standardized in ISO 14040 and 14044 standards. The importance of such studies is increasing due to the sustainability concern we are facing today. It must be considered that raw wood products (Roundwood, pulpwood and fuelwood) are not carbon neutral as previously assumed. Large amounts of pine Roundwood are used in production of different wood products in Latvia, however the information about the environmental burdens associated with the Roundwood production is unknown. Moreover most of the life cycle assessment and LCI studies reported in literature use data characteristic of current forest management practices for describing the forest management over the whole tree growing time. However, it excludes the time aspect, which in case of pine covers at least hundred years during which the forestry has undergone fundamental changes. Such approach does not comply with ISO 14044 standard data quality requirements introducing a significant error in evaluation of environmental performance of wood products. The main objective of the present study was to determine which forest management processes should be included in the LCI for currently produced pine Roundwood in Latvia and based on these results compile the LCI. Forest management history analysis showed that only logging operations should be included in the system boundary. Seed production, seedling production and silvilcultural operations were not used or had only minor impact due to low mechanization level in the past. Taking into account the time aspect the LCI was developed and the results can be used for evaluating the environmental performance of wooden products manufactured by using currently produced pine Roundwood in Latvia. The proposed approach used in the study gives more accurate results of environmental impacts for currently produced Roundwood.
Anne Toppinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
forest sector market impacts of changed Roundwood export tariffs and investment climate in russia
Forest Policy and Economics, 2010Co-Authors: Birger Solberg, Alexander Moiseyev, Maarit A I Kallio, Anne ToppinenAbstract:Abstract The Russian Federation is the world's largest net exporter of Roundwood. To encourage shift in exports from Roundwood to value-added industrial products, Russia has set large tariffs on its Roundwood exports, and announced that even higher ones would be introduced in the future. Using a global forest sector model, the EFI-GTM, we analyse how the Russian and global forest product markets will evolve towards 2020 under alternative tariff levels and assumptions on investment climate in Russia. Our results show that the tariffs decrease harvest and Roundwood prices in Russia, but improve the speed of development in the Russian sawnwood and pulp industry. The results also suggest that policies which improve the investment climate in Russia are more vital than the tariffs for the Russian forest industry to develop favourably. Among the tariff settings considered, the prevailing one of 15€ per cubic meter with non-coniferous pulpwood exempted, seems most beneficial for Russia. With a tax of 50€ per cubic meter, its forest industry would not develop much stronger than in the 15€ case, but forestry would suffer from a drastic harvest decrease caused by a nearly complete stop in the Russian Roundwood exports, and negligible tax income would be generated. Outside Russia, the main importers of Russian Roundwood would experience significant wood price increases and decreased forest industry production. The decline in the forest industry output would be largest in Asia, due to scarce supply there of raw material substitutes for wood imported from Russia, whereas the highest relative increase in Roundwood prices would take place in the EU.
-
price dynamics in the russian finnish Roundwood trade
Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 2007Co-Authors: Antti Mutanen, Anne ToppinenAbstract:Abstract This study examines price dynamics in Roundwood exports from Russia to Finland, the largest international Roundwood trade flow within Europe. The analysis covers six main timber assortments; sawlog and pulpwood dimensions of pine, spruce and birch. The study period, starting from the devaluation of the rouble in August 1998, was characterized by a drastic increase in the volumes of Russian Roundwood imported into Finland, and a coinciding structural change in the timber assortment distribution of the Finnish Roundwood imports. A basic hypothesis of economic theory, the law of one price, was tested by using quarterly time series and methods of cointegration analysis. According to the cointegration tests, the prices of Finnish and Russian spruce sawlogs have moved closely together. Furthermore, the changes in the prices of spruce sawlogs in the Finnish Roundwood market are reflected in the Russian prices and not vice versa. Regarding other timber assortments, price co-movement and consequent market...
-
integration of Roundwood markets in austria finland and sweden
Forest Policy and Economics, 2002Co-Authors: Ritva Toivonen, Anne Toppinen, Tapio TilliAbstract:Abstract The study presents empirical testing of the law of one price (LOP) on the spatial Roundwood markets formed by Austria, Finland and Sweden. Using annual delivery prices of pine and spruce sawlogs and pulpwood from 1980 to 1997, high positive correlation was found between prices in the three countries, in particular for pulpwood prices. The LOP seems to hold between Finnish and Swedish Roundwood markets. However, clear price co-movement between Austria and the two Nordic countries could not be detected. Overall, the results suggest that Roundwood markets in northern Europe form, roughly speaking, single commodity markets, which is one of the European Union's main policy aims. Further integration of the markets can be expected due to the continuous globalization of the forest industry and the deepening economic integration of the EU.
-
econometric models on the finnish Roundwood market
1998Co-Authors: Anne ToppinenAbstract:This thesis consists of this summary and five self-contained studies analyzing the short-term market behavior of the Finnish Roundwood market. Motivation for the analysis is given by structural changes in the market environment during the 1980s and 1990s and methodological improvements in time series econometrics. The concept of cointegration between time series is emphasized in model construction. In contrast to most previous Roundwood market studies, competitive features of the market are also examined. Annual data for 1960–94 and monthly data for 1985–97 at the aggregate market level and at the regional level are used in the analyses. Empirical results indicate that models assuming competitive markets were statistically well-suited for modeling price and quantity determination in the Finnish wood market in many cases. The collective stumpage price recommendation system was, however, found to have had a significant positive effect on both the pulpwood demand and on the supply of pulpwood from the nonindustrial private forest owners (NIPFs). The law of one price between the four major geographic regions in Finland was accepted for the case of pine sawlogs only, while results indicate that the importance of regional supply and demand factors has increased in the pine and spruce pulpwood markets during the 1990s. In the period 1985–97, stumpage price was found to have had a positive effect on sawlog supply both in the short and long-run, while only a long-run price effect was significant for sawlog demand. Results of this study can be used in specifying short-run models for forecasting the price and quantity fluctuations on Finnish Roundwood markets.
