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Miguel Angel De La Fuente - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Adición de aceites vegetales a la dieta de cabras lecheras : efecto sobre el contenido de ácidos grasos de la grasa láctea
Archivos de medicina veterinaria, 2013Co-Authors: A. L. Martínez Marín, A.g. Gómez Castro, Lm Pérez Alba, Marta Pérez-hernández, Pilar Gómez-cortés, Manuela Juarez, Miguel Angel De La FuenteAbstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding differently unsaturated vegetable oils to a dairy goat diet on fatty Acid content of milk fat. Twelve Malagueña goats were randomly allocated to one of four treatments: no oil basal diet and the same basal diet supplemented with 48 g/d of high oleic sunflower oil, regular sunflower oil or linseed oil. The basal diet was made of alfalfa hay and a pelleted concentrate (30:70 w/w). The concentrate included the respective oils. Supplemented diets decreased medium chain saturated fatty Acid content in milk fat (P < 0.05). High oleic sunflower oil increased stearic and oleic Acid contents (P < 0.05) and did not affect neither the content of trans monounsaturated fatty Acids of 18 carbon atoms nor conjugated linoleic Acid content (P > 0.05). Regular sunflower oil increased C18:1t10, vaccenic and Rumenic Acid contents as well as linoleic to α-linolenic Acid ratio (P < 0.05). Linseed oil increased vaccenic, Rumenic and α-linolenic Acid contents and substantially decreased linoleic to α-linolenic Acid ratio (P < 0.05) without affecting C18:1t10 content (P > 0.05). It was concluded that compared to high oleic o regular sunflower oils, adding linseed oil in dairy goat diets modifies milk fat fatty Acid content more favourably from the point of view of human health.
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animal performance and milk fatty Acid profile of dairy goats fed diets with different unsaturated plant oils
Journal of Dairy Science, 2011Co-Authors: A Martinez L Marin, A Gomez G Castro, L Perez M Alba, Perez M Hernandez, Manuela Juarez, Pilar Gomezcortes, Miguel Angel De La FuenteAbstract:Abstract The effect of supplementing a basal diet with 1 of 3 plant oils on productive efficiency and milk fatty Acid composition was studied in dairy goats. Sixteen Malaguena goats were used in a 4×4 Latin square experiment with 21-d periods and 4 goats per treatment. The basal diet comprised 30% alfalfa hay and 70% pelleted concentrate. Experimental treatments were control (basal diet without added oil) and the basal diet supplemented with 48g/d of high oleic sunflower oil (HOSFO), regular sunflower oil (RSFO), or linseed oil (LO). Dry matter intake and body weight were not affected by treatments. Milk production was higher in HOSFO treatment and milk fat content was higher in RSFO and LO treatments, although no differences in milk energy production or milk renneting properties were found. The RSFO and LO treatments increased the proportion of vaccenic Acid in milk fat more so than the HOSFO diet, and Rumenic Acid followed the same pattern. The content of trans 10-18:1 remained low in all experimental diets (
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endogenous synthesis of Rumenic Acid in the mammary gland of dairy ewes
2011Co-Authors: Pablo G Toral, Manuela Juarez, Pilar Gomezcortes, Miguel Angel De La Fuente, Elena Bichi, Gonzalo Hervas, Pilar FrutosAbstract:1 pagina.-- Trabajo presentado al: 15th Meeting of the European Society of Veterinary and Comparative Nutrition (ESVCN) (Zaragoza, Espana, del 14 al 16 de septiembre de 2011).
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influence of diets rich in flax seed and sunflower oil on the fatty Acid composition of ewes milk fat especially on the level of conjugated linoleic Acid n 3 and n 6 fatty Acids
International Dairy Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Pilar Luna, Manuela Juarez, A Bach, Miguel Angel De La FuenteAbstract:This study aimed to increase both Rumenic Acid (RA, cis-9 trans-11 C18:2), the main conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) isomer and α-linolenic content in ewes’ milk fat under field conditions by dietary means and to investigate the effects of these changes on milk processing and Manchego cheese quality. Bulk milk and milk from individual ewes that received a control ration or a ration supplemented with flax seed (1.85 g 100 g−1 of dry matter) and sunflower oil (0.81 g 100 g−1 of dry matter) were collected for a period of 45 days. Milk production and composition were not affected by lipid supplementation but a significant increase (P<0.05) in the milk fat RA and α-linolenic Acid concentration was observed. Levels of RA, linoleic and α-linolenic Acids increased from 0.47, 0.36 and 1.99 to 0.85, 0.66 and 2.53 g 100 g−1 of milk fat, respectively, with supplemented diet. The ratio of n-3/n-6 changed from 1:6 to 1:4 with lipid addition to the rations. Most of the CLA isomers were increased in enriched milk but the most remarkable increases were observed for 11–13 and 12–14 positional isomers. Overall, sensory characteristics of Manchego cheeses made with enriched milk did not substantially differ from those made with milk from ewes fed with non-supplemented diets.
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Conjugated linoleic Acid content and isomer distribution during ripening in three varieties of cheeses protected with designation of origin
Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Pilar Luna, Manuela Juarez, Miguel Angel De La FuenteAbstract:Abstract Cheeses have been identified as important sources of conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA), a mixture of positional and geometric isomers with potential anticarcinogenic activity and other beneficial properties. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of ripening on the overall CLA content as well as on the isomers profile using GC and Ag + -HPLC. Three Spanish cheeses Protected with Designation of Origin (Mahon, Manchego and Cabrales) were manufactured in different cheesemaking plants and monitored at different times during the ripening period. Total CLA content varied from 3 to 9 mg/g of total fatty Acids and Rumenic Acid (9- cis , 11- trans C18:2, RA) represented more than 75% of total CLA. After RA, 7–9 ( cis / trans plus trans / cis ), 11- trans , 13- trans and 11- trans , 13- cis C18:2 were the main CLA isomers. The results achieved confirm that the effect of ripening on the total CLA concentration and isomer distribution was negligible.
Manuela Juarez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Oral Absorption and Disposition of alpha-Linolenic, Rumenic and Vaccenic Acids After Administration as a Naturally Enriched Goat Dairy Fat to Rats
Lipids, 2015Co-Authors: Luís Miguel Rodríguez-alcalá, Manuela Juarez, Irma Ares, Javier Fontecha, María-rosa Martínez-larrañaga, Arturo Anadón, Victor Castellano, María-aránzazu MartínezAbstract:Although there is extensive information describing the positive biological effects of conjugated linoleic Acid and its main isomer Rumenic Acid (RA; C18:2 cis 9, trans 11), and alpha-linolenic Acid (ALA) and vaccenic Acid (TVA), data about their bioavailability are not available. In this work, we investigated the oral absorption and disposition of these fatty Acids in Wistar rats. A naturally enriched goat dairy fat (EDF) was obtained by supplementing ruminant diets with oils or oilseeds rich in polyunsaturated fatty Acids (PUFA). The EDF was administered orally (single dose of 3000 mg EDF/kg body weight equivalent to 153 mg TVA/kg body weight, 46 mg RA/kg body weight and 31 mg ALA/kg body weight), and serial blood and liver samples were collected and TVA, RA and ALA concentrations determined by GC/MS. The fatty Acids TVA, RA and ALA were rapidly absorbed (t_1/2a, 0.36, 0.66 and 0.76 h, respectively, for plasma) and slowly eliminated (t_1/2β, 17.04, 18.40 and 16.52 h, respectively, for plasma). The maximum concentration ( C _max) was detected in liver > plasma > erythrocyte. Our study shows that when orally administered EDF, its components TVA, RA and ALA were rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body by the blood circulation to exert systemic effects.
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Adición de aceites vegetales a la dieta de cabras lecheras : efecto sobre el contenido de ácidos grasos de la grasa láctea
Archivos de medicina veterinaria, 2013Co-Authors: A. L. Martínez Marín, A.g. Gómez Castro, Lm Pérez Alba, Marta Pérez-hernández, Pilar Gómez-cortés, Manuela Juarez, Miguel Angel De La FuenteAbstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding differently unsaturated vegetable oils to a dairy goat diet on fatty Acid content of milk fat. Twelve Malagueña goats were randomly allocated to one of four treatments: no oil basal diet and the same basal diet supplemented with 48 g/d of high oleic sunflower oil, regular sunflower oil or linseed oil. The basal diet was made of alfalfa hay and a pelleted concentrate (30:70 w/w). The concentrate included the respective oils. Supplemented diets decreased medium chain saturated fatty Acid content in milk fat (P < 0.05). High oleic sunflower oil increased stearic and oleic Acid contents (P < 0.05) and did not affect neither the content of trans monounsaturated fatty Acids of 18 carbon atoms nor conjugated linoleic Acid content (P > 0.05). Regular sunflower oil increased C18:1t10, vaccenic and Rumenic Acid contents as well as linoleic to α-linolenic Acid ratio (P < 0.05). Linseed oil increased vaccenic, Rumenic and α-linolenic Acid contents and substantially decreased linoleic to α-linolenic Acid ratio (P < 0.05) without affecting C18:1t10 content (P > 0.05). It was concluded that compared to high oleic o regular sunflower oils, adding linseed oil in dairy goat diets modifies milk fat fatty Acid content more favourably from the point of view of human health.
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animal performance and milk fatty Acid profile of dairy goats fed diets with different unsaturated plant oils
Journal of Dairy Science, 2011Co-Authors: A Martinez L Marin, A Gomez G Castro, L Perez M Alba, Perez M Hernandez, Manuela Juarez, Pilar Gomezcortes, Miguel Angel De La FuenteAbstract:Abstract The effect of supplementing a basal diet with 1 of 3 plant oils on productive efficiency and milk fatty Acid composition was studied in dairy goats. Sixteen Malaguena goats were used in a 4×4 Latin square experiment with 21-d periods and 4 goats per treatment. The basal diet comprised 30% alfalfa hay and 70% pelleted concentrate. Experimental treatments were control (basal diet without added oil) and the basal diet supplemented with 48g/d of high oleic sunflower oil (HOSFO), regular sunflower oil (RSFO), or linseed oil (LO). Dry matter intake and body weight were not affected by treatments. Milk production was higher in HOSFO treatment and milk fat content was higher in RSFO and LO treatments, although no differences in milk energy production or milk renneting properties were found. The RSFO and LO treatments increased the proportion of vaccenic Acid in milk fat more so than the HOSFO diet, and Rumenic Acid followed the same pattern. The content of trans 10-18:1 remained low in all experimental diets (
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endogenous synthesis of Rumenic Acid in the mammary gland of dairy ewes
2011Co-Authors: Pablo G Toral, Manuela Juarez, Pilar Gomezcortes, Miguel Angel De La Fuente, Elena Bichi, Gonzalo Hervas, Pilar FrutosAbstract:1 pagina.-- Trabajo presentado al: 15th Meeting of the European Society of Veterinary and Comparative Nutrition (ESVCN) (Zaragoza, Espana, del 14 al 16 de septiembre de 2011).
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influence of diets rich in flax seed and sunflower oil on the fatty Acid composition of ewes milk fat especially on the level of conjugated linoleic Acid n 3 and n 6 fatty Acids
International Dairy Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Pilar Luna, Manuela Juarez, A Bach, Miguel Angel De La FuenteAbstract:This study aimed to increase both Rumenic Acid (RA, cis-9 trans-11 C18:2), the main conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) isomer and α-linolenic content in ewes’ milk fat under field conditions by dietary means and to investigate the effects of these changes on milk processing and Manchego cheese quality. Bulk milk and milk from individual ewes that received a control ration or a ration supplemented with flax seed (1.85 g 100 g−1 of dry matter) and sunflower oil (0.81 g 100 g−1 of dry matter) were collected for a period of 45 days. Milk production and composition were not affected by lipid supplementation but a significant increase (P<0.05) in the milk fat RA and α-linolenic Acid concentration was observed. Levels of RA, linoleic and α-linolenic Acids increased from 0.47, 0.36 and 1.99 to 0.85, 0.66 and 2.53 g 100 g−1 of milk fat, respectively, with supplemented diet. The ratio of n-3/n-6 changed from 1:6 to 1:4 with lipid addition to the rations. Most of the CLA isomers were increased in enriched milk but the most remarkable increases were observed for 11–13 and 12–14 positional isomers. Overall, sensory characteristics of Manchego cheeses made with enriched milk did not substantially differ from those made with milk from ewes fed with non-supplemented diets.
John K. G. Kramer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Persistency of milk trans-18:1 isomers and Rumenic Acid in Holstein cows over a full lactation
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2011Co-Authors: Riazuddin Mohammed, Reza G. Khorasani, Laksiri A. Goonewardene, John K. G. Kramer, John J. KennellyAbstract:Mohammed, R., Khorasani, R. G., Goonewardene, L. A., Kramer, J. K. G. and Kennelly, J. J. 2011. Persistency of milk trans-18:1 isomers and Rumenic Acid in Holstein cows over a full lactation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 147-167. A long-term lactation study was undertaken to determine whether the previously reported short-term persistency in vaccenic Acid [VA; trans(t)11-18:1] and Rumenic Acid (RA) could be maintained. To test this hypothesis, 24 Holstein cows were allotted to two experimental diets (control and test) from 2 wk before calving until they were 270 d in milk (DIM). The test diet was similar to the control diet, but supplemented with sunflower seed (11.2% diet DM), fish oil (0.5%) and monensin (22 mg/kg DM) by replacing an equivalent amount of barley grain. The forage: concentrate ratio was 50:50 (DM basis) with 35% barley silage and 15% alfalfa hay. Milk was sampled every fortnight from the start of lactation until cows were 270 DIM. Data obtained were averaged into three equal periods of 90 d each, representing three stages of lactation (SOL): early-lactation (EL), mid-lactation (ML) and late-lactation (LL). Dry matter intakes were not different between treatments with greater intakes observed during ML than during EL or LL. Milk yield was not different between treatments and decreased with increasing DIM. Milk fat content and yield showed interaction between treatment and SOL with lower values observed for the test diet than control diet during EL and ML. De novo synthesized fatty Acids (4:0-15:0), 16:0-16:1 and preformed fatty Acids (17:0 and above) showed interaction between treatment and SOL with the former two being greater for control diet than test diet and the latter greater for the test diet than control diet within each SOL. Milk t10-18:1 (% fatty Acid methyl esters, FAME) was greater for the test diet compared with control diet (4.38 vs. 1.32) and was greater during ML (3.79) than during EL (2.38) or LL (2.38). Milk VA and RA showed interactions between treatment and SOL with greater values observed for the test diet than the control diet within each SOL. When analyzed by treatment, milk VA was not different across SOL for both diets. Milk RA was not different across SOL for the test diet, but was different for the control diet; it was lower during EL than during ML. Step-wise regression analysis revealed that the variability in milk RA for the control diet (P
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persistency of milk trans 18 1 isomers and Rumenic Acid in holstein cows over a full lactation
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2011Co-Authors: Riazuddin Mohammed, Reza G. Khorasani, Laksiri A. Goonewardene, John K. G. Kramer, John J. KennellyAbstract:Mohammed, R., Khorasani, R. G., Goonewardene, L. A., Kramer, J. K. G. and Kennelly, J. J. 2011. Persistency of milk trans-18:1 isomers and Rumenic Acid in Holstein cows over a full lactation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 147-167. A long-term lactation study was undertaken to determine whether the previously reported short-term persistency in vaccenic Acid [VA; trans(t)11-18:1] and Rumenic Acid (RA) could be maintained. To test this hypothesis, 24 Holstein cows were allotted to two experimental diets (control and test) from 2 wk before calving until they were 270 d in milk (DIM). The test diet was similar to the control diet, but supplemented with sunflower seed (11.2% diet DM), fish oil (0.5%) and monensin (22 mg/kg DM) by replacing an equivalent amount of barley grain. The forage: concentrate ratio was 50:50 (DM basis) with 35% barley silage and 15% alfalfa hay. Milk was sampled every fortnight from the start of lactation until cows were 270 DIM. Data obtained were averaged into three equal periods of 90 d each, representing three stages of lactation (SOL): early-lactation (EL), mid-lactation (ML) and late-lactation (LL). Dry matter intakes were not different between treatments with greater intakes observed during ML than during EL or LL. Milk yield was not different between treatments and decreased with increasing DIM. Milk fat content and yield showed interaction between treatment and SOL with lower values observed for the test diet than control diet during EL and ML. De novo synthesized fatty Acids (4:0-15:0), 16:0-16:1 and preformed fatty Acids (17:0 and above) showed interaction between treatment and SOL with the former two being greater for control diet than test diet and the latter greater for the test diet than control diet within each SOL. Milk t10-18:1 (% fatty Acid methyl esters, FAME) was greater for the test diet compared with control diet (4.38 vs. 1.32) and was greater during ML (3.79) than during EL (2.38) or LL (2.38). Milk VA and RA showed interactions between treatment and SOL with greater values observed for the test diet than the control diet within each SOL. When analyzed by treatment, milk VA was not different across SOL for both diets. Milk RA was not different across SOL for the test diet, but was different for the control diet; it was lower during EL than during ML. Step-wise regression analysis revealed that the variability in milk RA for the control diet (P<0.01; R2=0.97) was determined by VA (70%) and RA/VA (27%); and for the test diet (P<0.01; R2=0.987) by VA (88.7%), RA/VA (5%) and t10-18:1 (3.8%). Desaturase index based on RA/VA showed an interaction between treatment and SOL; it was greater for the control diet than the test diet within each SOL. Overall findings revealed that the differences in milk t10- and VA across SOL reflected possible differences in starch and PUFA intakes, respectively. Differences in milk RA across SOL for the control diet could be attributed to possible differences in mammary desaturase activity based on differences in RA/VA.
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Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy - Progression to Fatty Acid Profiling of Edible Fats and Oils Using Vibrational Spectroscopy
Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy, 2010Co-Authors: Hormoz Azizian, John K. G. Kramer, Magdi M. MossobaAbstract:The contributions of vibrational spectroscopy (FT-mid-IR, FT-Raman, and FT-NIR) in the analyses of edible fats and oils have been reviewed. The major contributions of FT-mid-IR and FT-Raman have been in structural analysis and for quantitative determination of total unsaturation, trans fat and conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA). The current method of choice for fatty Acid (FA) determination is GC; however it is time consuming, uses solvents, and FA must be converted to methyl esters before analysis. A rapid spectroscopic method is needed to determine both the FA composition and total trans content to meet current regulatory compliance for labeling purposes. FT-mid-IR and FT-Raman lack the specificity of GC for FA determinations, while FT-NIR is able to determine the concentration of all FAs using predeveloped spectral models based on accurate GC results. The biological activity of different FA isomers differs; some are harmful while others may have health benefits. This applies specifically to the CLA and trans isomers, since only Rumenic Acid (9c11t-CLA) and its precursor vaccenic Acid (11t-18:1) have reported health benefits. Therefore, the current trans regulation may need to be revised to reflect the reality of the scientific evidence. The FT-NIR method is well equipped to selectively exclude or include specific FAs for labeling purposes because it determines the complete FA composition. Keywords: vibrational spectroscopy; FT-mid-IR (Fourier transform mid-infrared); FT-Raman (Fourier transform Raman); FT-NIR (Fourier transform near infrared); edible fats and oils; GC (gas chromatography); Rumenic Acid; vaccenic Acid; CLA (conjugated linoleic Acid); fatty Acid
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effect of grain type and processing method on rumen fermentation and milk Rumenic Acid production
Animal, 2010Co-Authors: R Mohammed, John K. G. Kramer, Catherine Stanton, J J Kennelly, K A Beauchemin, J J MurphyAbstract:It was hypothesized that differences in starch degradability account for observed differences in rumen vaccenic Acid ( t 11-18:1) and milk Rumenic Acid (RA) concentrations. To test this hypothesis, starch degradability was varied through grain source and by processing. Eight Holstein cows in mid-lactation were assigned to two 4 × 4 Latin squares with four 21-day periods and four diets: dry rolled barley, ground barley, dry rolled corn and ground corn. Diets contained similar starch content and were supplemented with whole sunflower seed to provide similar total polyunsaturated fatty Acid (PUFA) (18:2n-6 + 18:3n-3) contents. Forage/concentrate ratios of all diets were 42 : 58. Rumen, plasma and milk samples were collected in the third week of each period. In situ degradation rates (%/h) for rolled corn, ground corn, rolled barley and ground barley were 5.4, 8.9, 17.0 and 19.4, respectively, for dry matter (DM) and 6.3, 10.8, 25.3 and 43.8, respectively, for starch. DM intakes were greater for corn-based diets (CBD) than for barley-based diets (BBD) with no difference between rolled and ground diets. Daily minimum rumen pH was less (5.2 v. 5.5) and pH duration v. 4.3) for BBD than for CBD. Milk fat content and yield were less for BBD than for CBD with greater values observed for rolling compared with grinding. Variability in milk fat yield was strongly related ( R 2 = 0.55; P t -18:1 isomers or CLA isomers that are typically associated with milk fat depression entered the model. The concentrations (%) of t 10-18:1 and t 11-18:1 were greater for BBD than for CBD in rumen contents ( t 10-18:1, 3.5 v. 1.3; t 11-18:1, 3.2 v. 1.9), plasma ( t 10-18:1, 1.2 v. 0.2; t 11-18:1, 0.97 v. 0.58) and milk ( t 10-18:1, 3.8 v. 1.0; t 11-18:1, 2.6 v. 1.7) despite greater total PUFA intakes for CBD. Milk RA concentration was greater for BBD than for CBD (1.46 v. 0.89) but was not influenced by the method of grain processing. This study clearly demonstrated that the milk content and profile of t -18:1 and CLA isomers were more strongly influenced by the source of grain starch (barley > corn) than by the method of grain processing indicating that factors inherent in the source of starch were responsible for the observed differences and these factors could not be modified by the processing methods used in this study.
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grazing cows are more efficient than zero grazed and grass silage fed cows in milk Rumenic Acid production
Journal of Dairy Science, 2009Co-Authors: R Mohammed, John K. G. Kramer, Catherine Stanton, J J Kennelly, David R Glimm, M Odonovan, J J MurphyAbstract:Six rumen-cannulated Holstein cows in early lactation were assigned to 3 treatments: grazing (G), zero-grazing (ZG), and grass silage (GS) harvested from the same perennial rye grass sward in a 3 x 3 Latin square design with three 21-d periods. The objectives of this study were to investigate the underlying mechanisms for the reported elevation in milk Rumenic Acid (RA) concentration associated with G compared with ZG and GS, and to identify the important variables contributing to the milk RA response. Grazing animals were offered 20 kg of dry matter/cow per day; indoor animals were offered ad libitum grass or silage. A concentrate at a rate of 3 kg/d was also offered to all cows. Rumen, plasma, and milk samples were collected in the third week of each period. Data were analyzed by the MIXED procedure of SAS. Dry matter intakes were less for GS with no difference between G and ZG. Milk yield was greater for G than for ZG or GS. Milk fat and protein contents were less for GS with no difference between G and ZG. The combined intake (g/d) of linoleic and linolenic (18:3n-3) Acids was different across the treatments (G: 433; ZG: 327; and GS: 164). Rumen pH was less for G with no difference between ZG and GS. Concentrations of volatile fatty Acids and ammonia nitrogen in rumens were not different across the treatments. Wet rumen fill was less for G with no difference between ZG and GS. Vaccenic Acid concentrations were different across the treatments in rumen (G: 12.30%, ZG: 9.31%, and GS: 4.21%); plasma (G: 2.18%, ZG: 1.47%, and GS: 0.66%) and milk (G: 4.73%, ZG: 3.49%, and GS: 0.99%). Milk RA concentrations were greater for G (2.07%) than for ZG (1.38%) and GS (0.54%). Milk desaturase index based on the ratio cis-9-14:1/14:0 was not different across the treatments. Milk RA yield per 100 g of linoleic Acid and linolenic Acid intake (efficiency) was 2.23, 1.50, and 0.62 g in G, ZG, and GS, respectively, suggesting that G cows were more efficient than ZG and GS cows in milk RA production. Stepwise regression analysis of a group of variables revealed that plasma vaccenic Acid accounted for 95% of the variation in milk RA production. Milk desaturase index did not enter into the model. Overall findings suggest that substrate intake influenced milk RA production but it was not the only factor involved. There were differences in efficiency of milk RA production, which appears to depend on the factors regulating ruminal vaccenic Acid production and its supply to the mammary tissue.
Vincent Rioux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Benefits of natural dietary trans fatty Acids towards inflammation, obesity and type 2 diabetes: defining the n-7 trans fatty Acid family
OCL, 2019Co-Authors: Etienne Guillocheau, Philippe Legrand, Vincent RiouxAbstract:Natural trans fatty Acids are trans fatty Acids that naturally occur in ruminant-derived foods: milk (derived from cow, ewe, goat), dairy products (yoghurt, cheese) and ruminant meat (beef, lamb). Because natural trans fatty Acids are part of the trans fatty Acid family, they have been compared for decades to their industrial counterparts on a cardiovascular outcome’s basis. At current dietary intakes, it is now well recognized that natural trans fatty Acids are neutral towards cardiovascular health. Still, the negative connotation remains. It is usually taken for granted in the scientific community that natural trans fatty Acids have no known physiological function and therefore no particular nutritional interest. This prevailing view has totally hidden several studies, which pointed out unsuspected benefits of natural trans fatty Acids on inflammation, type 2 diabetes and obesity. Some supplementation studies dealt with pure trans -vaccenic Acid (trans -C18:1 n-7) and pure Rumenic Acid (cis -9, trans -11 C18:2), but remained somewhat aside as they were carried out on rodents. However, recent epidemiological data reached considerable impact, highlighting a protective effect of trans -palmitoleic Acid (trans -C16:1 n-7) towards the risk of type 2 diabetes. Bearing in mind that natural trans fatty Acids do not just consist of Rumenic Acid, this review is the opportunity to sum up scientific knowledge about each of these three fatty Acids. We shall therefore, review their occurrence in foods, and their physiological impacts. An overlooked aspect of natural trans fatty Acids is that they are metabolically connected. The second aim of this review is to underline these metabolic connections. In fact, combining physiological impacts and metabolic pathways unravel shared mechanisms of action of trans -palmitoleic, trans -vaccenic and Rumenic Acids, that might be explained by their common n-7 trans double bond.
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synthesis of the suspected trans 11 cis 13 conjugated linoleic Acid isomer in ruminant mammary tissue by fads3 catalyzed δ13 desaturation of vaccenic Acid
Journal of Dairy Science, 2017Co-Authors: Cyrielle Garcia, Pablo G Toral, L Bernard, Philippe Legrand, Cecile Duby, Daniel Catheline, Vincent RiouxAbstract:The octadecadienoic conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) isomer with trans-11 and cis-13 double bonds (trans-11,cis-13 CLA) has been described in ruminant milk. For now, this specific CLA is suspected to derive exclusively from ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary α-linolenic Acid. However, in rodents, the fatty Acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) gene was recently shown to code for an enzyme able to catalyze the unexpected Δ13-desaturation of vaccenic Acid, producing a Δ11,13-CLA with all the structural characteristics of the trans-11,cis-13 isomer, although no commercial standard exists for complete conclusive identification. Because the FADS3 gene has already been reported in bovine animals, we hypothesized in the present study that an alternative direct FADS3-catalyzed Δ13-desaturation of vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue may therefore co-exist with α-linolenic Acid biohydrogenation to explain the final ruminant milk trans-11,cis-13 CLA presence. Here, we first confirm that the FADS3 gene is present in ruminant mammal genomic sequence databases. Second, we demonstrate that the Δ11,13-CLA found in milk fat and the highly probable trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer produced by rodent FADS3 possess exactly the same structural characteristics. Then, we show that bovine mammary MAC-T and BME-UV epithelial cells express both FADS3 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) mRNA and are able to synthesize both the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA and cis-9,trans-11CLA (Rumenic Acid) isomers when incubated with vaccenic Acid. Finally, the concomitant presence of the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer with FADS3 mRNA was shown in goat mammary tissue, whereas both were conversely very low or even absent in goat liver. Therefore, this study provides several lines of evidence that, by analogy with Rumenic Acid, trans-11,cis-13 CLA may originate both from ruminal biohydrogenation and from direct FADS3-catalyzed Δ13-desaturation of vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue.
L Bernard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synthesis of the suspected trans 11 cis 13 conjugated linoleic Acid isomer in ruminant mammary tissue by fads3 catalyzed δ13 desaturation of vaccenic Acid
Journal of Dairy Science, 2017Co-Authors: Cyrielle Garcia, Pablo G Toral, L Bernard, Philippe Legrand, Cecile Duby, Daniel Catheline, Vincent RiouxAbstract:The octadecadienoic conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) isomer with trans-11 and cis-13 double bonds (trans-11,cis-13 CLA) has been described in ruminant milk. For now, this specific CLA is suspected to derive exclusively from ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary α-linolenic Acid. However, in rodents, the fatty Acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) gene was recently shown to code for an enzyme able to catalyze the unexpected Δ13-desaturation of vaccenic Acid, producing a Δ11,13-CLA with all the structural characteristics of the trans-11,cis-13 isomer, although no commercial standard exists for complete conclusive identification. Because the FADS3 gene has already been reported in bovine animals, we hypothesized in the present study that an alternative direct FADS3-catalyzed Δ13-desaturation of vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue may therefore co-exist with α-linolenic Acid biohydrogenation to explain the final ruminant milk trans-11,cis-13 CLA presence. Here, we first confirm that the FADS3 gene is present in ruminant mammal genomic sequence databases. Second, we demonstrate that the Δ11,13-CLA found in milk fat and the highly probable trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer produced by rodent FADS3 possess exactly the same structural characteristics. Then, we show that bovine mammary MAC-T and BME-UV epithelial cells express both FADS3 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) mRNA and are able to synthesize both the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA and cis-9,trans-11CLA (Rumenic Acid) isomers when incubated with vaccenic Acid. Finally, the concomitant presence of the suspected trans-11,cis-13 CLA isomer with FADS3 mRNA was shown in goat mammary tissue, whereas both were conversely very low or even absent in goat liver. Therefore, this study provides several lines of evidence that, by analogy with Rumenic Acid, trans-11,cis-13 CLA may originate both from ruminal biohydrogenation and from direct FADS3-catalyzed Δ13-desaturation of vaccenic Acid in mammary tissue.
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short communication in vivo deposition of 1 13c vaccenic Acid and the product of its δ9 desaturation 1 13c Rumenic Acid in the body tissues of lactating goats fed oils
Journal of Dairy Science, 2012Co-Authors: Pablo G Toral, Y Chilliard, L BernardAbstract:Abstract This study was conducted in lactating goats with the aim of measuring the deposition of trans -11 18:1 (vaccenic Acid, VA) and the product of its Δ 9 -desaturation, cis -9, trans -11 18:2 (Rumenic Acid, RA), in the major tissues that are involved in lipid metabolism in the lactating ruminant (i.e., mammary secretory tissue, liver, and omental and perirenal adipose tissues) and examining its potential link with variations in the expression of genes encoding Δ 9 -desaturase [stearoyl-CoA desaturases 1 and 5 ( SCD1 and SCD5 )]. Eight lactating goats were fed a diet supplemented with sunflower oil (n=4) or sunflower oil plus fish oil and additional starch (n=4), based on the hypothesis that these dietary treatments could affect Δ 9 -desaturase gene expression in specific tissues. A chemical tracer, 1.5g of [1- 13 C]VA as nonesterified fatty Acid, was delivered by jugular injection. Goats were slaughtered 4 d later, and tissue samples were collected for the measurement of [ 13 C]VA and [ 13 C]RA enrichment and SCD1 and SCD5 expression. The addition of fish oil and additional starch to a diet containing sunflower oil was associated with several changes in [ 13 C]VA and [ 13 C]RA enrichment. These results support previous studies suggesting that mammary secretory tissue is the primary site of Δ 9 -desaturation in lactating goats. In adipose tissues, the [ 13 C]VA + [ 13 C]RA enrichment was consistent with a net uptake of circulating fatty Acids to reconstitute body reserves at the end of the lactation cycle. The putative uptake of [ 13 C]RA synthesized by other tissues precludes any conclusion from being drawn regarding potential Δ 9 -desaturation in the liver of goats, despite the detection of SCD1 and SCD5 mRNA in this tissue. Finally, no significant effect of dietary treatment was observed for SCD1 or SCD5 mRNA abundance in the mammary secretory tissue or other body tissues.
