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Y Kiesswetter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • analysis of Rye grains and Rye meals for ergot alkaloids
    Mycotoxin Research, 2005
    Co-Authors: U Lauber, R Schnaufer, M Gredziak, Y Kiesswetter
    Abstract:

    Due to the exceptionally hot and dry summer in 2003 the ergot of that harvest was rather small and could only be separated from normal grain with increased efforts. Based on a clean-up procedure of Wolffet al. (1) and of Kluget al. (2), a HPLC-FLD-method for the determination of 12 ergot alkaloids (6 “In”-, 6 “Inin”-forms) was established and modified. Actually reference substances are commercially available only for 5 selected alkaloids. Because of the instability of the alkaloids a new standard preparation procedure was tested and implemented. The maximum allowed impurity with ergot (0.05%=1000 μg alkaloids/kg) was exceeded in samples of harvest 2003. Except for one sample, all exceedings were detected in conventionally grown products, unlike organically grown products.

  • analysis of Rye grains and Rye meals for ergot alkaloids
    Mycotoxin Research, 2005
    Co-Authors: U Lauber, R Schnaufer, M Gredziak, Y Kiesswetter
    Abstract:

    Due to the exceptionally hot and dry summer in 2003 the ergot of that harvest was rather small and could only be separated from normal grain with increased efforts. Based on a clean-up procedure of Wolffet al. (1) and of Kluget al. (2), a HPLC-FLD-method for the determination of 12 ergot alkaloids (6 “In”-, 6 “Inin”-forms) was established and modified. Actually reference substances are commercially available only for 5 selected alkaloids. Because of the instability of the alkaloids a new standard preparation procedure was tested and implemented. The maximum allowed impurity with ergot (0.05%=1000 μg alkaloids/kg) was exceeded in samples of harvest 2003. Except for one sample, all exceedings were detected in conventionally grown products, unlike organically grown products.

U Lauber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • analysis of Rye grains and Rye meals for ergot alkaloids
    Mycotoxin Research, 2005
    Co-Authors: U Lauber, R Schnaufer, M Gredziak, Y Kiesswetter
    Abstract:

    Due to the exceptionally hot and dry summer in 2003 the ergot of that harvest was rather small and could only be separated from normal grain with increased efforts. Based on a clean-up procedure of Wolffet al. (1) and of Kluget al. (2), a HPLC-FLD-method for the determination of 12 ergot alkaloids (6 “In”-, 6 “Inin”-forms) was established and modified. Actually reference substances are commercially available only for 5 selected alkaloids. Because of the instability of the alkaloids a new standard preparation procedure was tested and implemented. The maximum allowed impurity with ergot (0.05%=1000 μg alkaloids/kg) was exceeded in samples of harvest 2003. Except for one sample, all exceedings were detected in conventionally grown products, unlike organically grown products.

  • analysis of Rye grains and Rye meals for ergot alkaloids
    Mycotoxin Research, 2005
    Co-Authors: U Lauber, R Schnaufer, M Gredziak, Y Kiesswetter
    Abstract:

    Due to the exceptionally hot and dry summer in 2003 the ergot of that harvest was rather small and could only be separated from normal grain with increased efforts. Based on a clean-up procedure of Wolffet al. (1) and of Kluget al. (2), a HPLC-FLD-method for the determination of 12 ergot alkaloids (6 “In”-, 6 “Inin”-forms) was established and modified. Actually reference substances are commercially available only for 5 selected alkaloids. Because of the instability of the alkaloids a new standard preparation procedure was tested and implemented. The maximum allowed impurity with ergot (0.05%=1000 μg alkaloids/kg) was exceeded in samples of harvest 2003. Except for one sample, all exceedings were detected in conventionally grown products, unlike organically grown products.

Leino M. W. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Population genetic structure in Fennoscandian landrace Rye (Secale cereale L.) spanning 350 years
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2019
    Co-Authors: Larsson P., Oliveira R. Hugo, Lundström M., Hagenblad Jenny, Lagerås P., Leino M. W.
    Abstract:

    Rye (Secale cereale L.) was for centuries the economically most important crop in Fennoscandia (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden). Historical records tell of a range of different types adapted to climate and varying cultivation practices. Genetic analyses of genebank maintained landrace Rye have yet failed, with a few exceptions, to detect differentiation between Rye types. Concerns have been raised that genebank material does not truly reflect the historical variation in landrace Rye. In this study, we have therefore genotyped old and historical samples of Rye as well as extant material. Two historical seventeenth century samples were obtained from a grave and a museum archive respectively, and 35 old samples were taken from 100 to 140-year-old seed collections and museum artefacts made of straw. We could confirm the results of previous studies suggesting Fennoscandian landrace Rye to be one major meta-population, genetically different from other European Rye landraces, but with no support for slash-and-burn types of Rye being genetically different from other Rye landraces. Only small differences in genetic diversity and allele distribution was found between old landrace Rye from museum collections and extant genebank accessions, arguing against a substantial change in the genetic diversity during twentieth century cultivation and several regenerations during genebank maintenance. The genotypes of the old and historical samples suggest that the genetic structure of Fennoscandian landrace Rye has been relatively stable for 350years. In contrast, we find that the younger samples and early improved cultivars belong to a different genetic group, more related to landraces from Central Europe.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

  • Population genetic structure in Fennoscandian landrace Rye (Secale cereale L.) spanning 350 years
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2019
    Co-Authors: Larsson Per, Hagenblad Jenny, Lagerås P., Oliveira H. R., Lundström Maria, Leino M. W.
    Abstract:

    Rye (Secale cereale L.) was for centuries the economically most important crop in Fennoscandia (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden). Historical records tell of a range of different types adapted to climate and varying cultivation practices. Genetic analyses of genebank maintained landrace Rye have yet failed, with a few exceptions, to detect differentiation between Rye types. Concerns have been raised that genebank material does not truly reflect the historical variation in landrace Rye. In this study, we have therefore genotyped old and historical samples of Rye as well as extant material. Two historical seventeenth century samples were obtained from a grave and a museum archive respectively, and 35 old samples were taken from 100 to 140-year-old seed collections and museum artefacts made of straw. We could confirm the results of previous studies suggesting Fennoscandian landrace Rye to be one major meta-population, genetically different from other European Rye landraces, but with no support for slash-and-burn types of Rye being genetically different from other Rye landraces. Only small differences in genetic diversity and allele distribution was found between old landrace Rye from museum collections and extant genebank accessions, arguing against a substantial change in the genetic diversity during twentieth century cultivation and several regenerations during genebank maintenance. The genotypes of the old and historical samples suggest that the genetic structure of Fennoscandian landrace Rye has been relatively stable for 350years. In contrast, we find that the younger samples and early improved cultivars belong to a different genetic group, more related to landraces from Central Europe.Funding Agencies|Lagersberg foundation; Royal Academy of Science; Helge Ax:son Johnson Foundation; Crafoord Foundation; Sven and Lilly Lawski Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Berit Wallenberg Foundation

Diaoguo An - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • scale development and utilization of universal pcr based and high throughput kasp markers specific for chromosome arms of Rye secale cereale l
    BMC Genomics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Jing Wang, Diaoguo An
    Abstract:

    Rye (Secale cereale L., 2n = 2x = 14, RR), a relative of common wheat, is a large gene resource pool for wheat improvement. Accurate and convenient identification of the Rye chromatin in wheat background will facilitate the transfer and utilization of elite genes derived from Rye in wheat breeding. In the present study, five Rye cultivars including Imperial, German White, Jingzhouheimai, Baili and Guyuan were sequenced by specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) to develop large-scale Rye-specific markers. Based on SLAF-seq and bioinformatics analyses, a total of 404 universal PCR-based and a whole set of Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers specific for the 14 individual Rye chromosome arms were developed and validated. Additionally, two KASP markers specific for 1RS and 2RL were successfully applied in the detection of 1RS translocations in a natural population and 2RL chromosome arms in wheat-Rye derived progenies that conferred adult resistance to powdery mildew. The 404 PCR-based markers and 14 KASP markers specific for the 14 individual Rye chromosome arms developed in this study can enrich the marker densities for gene mapping and accelerate the utilization of Rye-derived genes in wheat improvement. Especially, the KASP markers achieved high-throughput and accurate detection of Rye chromatin in wheat background, thus can be efficiently used in marker-assisted selection (MAS). Besides, the strategy of Rye-specific PCR-based markers converting into KASP markers was high-efficient and low-cost, which will facilitate the tracing of alien genes, and can also be referred for other wheat relatives.

  • development and application of est based markers specific for chromosome arms of Rye secale cereale l
    Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: Haolan Xu, L Li, Qing Kenneth Wang, X Li, X Yang, Diaoguo An
    Abstract:

    To develop a set of molecular markers specific for the chromosome arms of Rye, a total of 1,098 and 93 primer pairs derived from the expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences distributed on all 21 wheat chromosomes and 7 Rye chromosomes, respectively, were initially screened on common wheat ‘Chinese Spring’ and Rye cultivar ‘Imperial’. Four hundred and fourteen EST-based markers were specific for the Rye genome. Seven disomic chromosome addition lines, 10 telosomic addition lines and 1 translocation line of ‘Chinese Spring-Imperial’ were confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescencein situ hybridization, and used to screen the Rye-specific markers. Thirty-one of the 414 markers produced stable specific amplicons in ‘Imperial’, as well as individual addition lines and were assigned to 13 chromosome arms of Rye except for 6RS. Six Rye cultivars, wheat cultivar ‘Xiaoyan 6’ and accessions of 4 wheat relatives were then used to test the specificity of the 31 EST-based markers. To confirm the specificity, 4 wheat-Rye derivatives of ‘Xiaoyan 6 × German White’, with chromosomes 1RS, 2R and 4R, were amplified by some of the EST-based markers. The results indicated that they can effectively be used to detect corresponding Rye chromosomes or chromosome arms introgressed into a wheat background, and hence to accelerate the utilization of Rye genes in wheat breeding.

B. S. Gill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the centromere structure in robertsonian wheat Rye translocation chromosomes indicates that centric breakage fusion can occur at different positions within the primary constriction
    Chromosoma, 2001
    Co-Authors: Peng Zhang, Adam J Lukaszewski, B. S. Gill
    Abstract:

    Univalent chromosomes at meiotic metaphase I have a tendency to misdivide at the centromeres. Fusion of the misdivision products may produce Robertsonian translocations. The fine structure of the centromeres in Robertsonian wheat-Rye translocation chromosomes was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using two centromere-specific DNA clones: pRCS1, derived from rice, and pAWRC1, derived from Rye. Clone pRCS1 hybridizes to the centromeres of all grasses including wheat and Rye, whereas clone pAWRC1 is Rye specific and hybridizes only to the centromeres of Rye. Four of the six wheat-Rye translocations derived from a single centric misdivision event (1st generation translocations) had hybrid centromeres, with approximately half of the centromere derived from Rye and half from wheat. In the two other 1st generation translocations, the entire centromere was derived from Rye. Among eight reconstructed wheat and Rye chromosomes that originated from two consecutive centric misdivision-fusion events (2nd generation translocations), T1BS·1BL (derived from T1BS·1RL and T1RS·1BL) and one of three T2BS·2BL (derived from T2RS·2BL and T2BS·2RL) had hybrid centromeres. T1RS·1RL (derived from T1BS·1RL and T1RS·1BL), two of three T2BS·2BL, and all three T2RS·2RL (derived from T2RS·2BL and T2BS·2RL) had Rye centromeres. All three 3rd generation translocations had hybrid centromeres with approximately half of the centromere derived from Rye. There were no indications that the composite structure of the centromere in these chromosomes affected their behavior in mitosis or meiosis. These observations support the notion of a compound structure of the centromere in higher organisms, and indicate that during the centric breakage-fusion event, centromere breakage may occur in different positions along the segment of the chromosome that interacts with the spindle fibers. Normal behavior of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation centric translocations in mitosis and meiosis indicates that, at least in wheat and Rye, centromeres are not chromosome specific.

  • comparison of c banding patterns and in situ hybridization sites using highly repetitive and total genomic Rye dna probes of imperial Rye chromosomes added to chinese spring wheat
    The Japanese Journal of Genetics, 1992
    Co-Authors: Yasuhiko Mukai, Bernd Friebe, B. S. Gill
    Abstract:

    C-banding patterns of the seven `Imperial' Rye chromosomes and 11 derived Rye telocentrics added to `Chinese Spring' were analyzed and compared with in situ hybridization (ISH) patterns using biotin labeled highly repetitive Rye DNA sequences pSc119, pSc74, and total Rye genomic DNA as probes. C-banding and ISH analyses allow the identification of all individual Rye chromosomes and most chromosome arms with these probes. A C-banded karyotype of the added Rye chromosomes was constructed and data on chromosome lengths, arm ratios, and fraction lengths of diagnostic C-bands are given following the nomenclature system recently recommended for wheat. Similar telomeric and interstitial localized ISH patterns were observed with pSc119, pSc74, and total Rye genomic DNA probes. In addition, pSc119 and total Rye genomic DNA labels Rye chromatin over their entire lengths, also permitting the detection of unbanded euchromatic Rye chromatin transfers in wheat. All localized ISH sites correspond to dark C-banded regions; however, not all C-bands show up as hybridization sites.