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Yee Ling Lau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seroprevalence of Sarcocystosis in the local communities of pangkor and tioman islands using recombinant surface antigens 3 rsag3 of sarcocystis falcatula
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2018Co-Authors: Tengku Idzzan Nadzirah Tengkuidris, Mun Yik Fong, Yee Ling LauAbstract:Objective To investigate the seroprevalence of Sarcocystosis in the local communities of Pangkor and Tioman islands, Malaysia, by using antigenic recombinant surface antigens 2 and 3 from Sarcocystis falcatula (rSfSAG2 and rSfSAG3) as the target proteins via Western blot and ELISA assays. Methods SfSAG2 and SfSAG3 genes were isolated from S. falcatula and expressed in Escherichia coli expression system. A total of 348 serum samples [volunteers from both islands (n = 100), non-Sarcocystis parasitic infections patients (n = 50) and healthy donors (n = 100)] were collected and tested with purified SfSAGs in Western blot and ELISA assays to measure the seroprevalence of human Sarcocystosis. Results None of the sera in this study reacted with rSfSAG2 by Western blot and ELISA. For rSfSAG3, relatively high prevalence of Sarcocystosis was observed in Tioman Island (75.5%) than in Pangkor Island (34%) by Western blot. In ELISA, the different prevalence rate was observed between Tioman Island (43.8%) and Pangkor Island (37%). The prevalence rate in other parasitic infections (amoebiasis, cysticercosis, filariasis, malaria, toxocariasis and toxoplasmosis) was 30% by Western blot and 26% by ELISA. Only 8% (by Western blot) and 10% (by ELISA) of healthy donors showed reactivity towards rSfSAG3. Conclusion This is the first study reporting a seroprevalence of Sarcocystosis in Pangkor and Tioman Islands, Malaysia. The combination of Western blot and ELISA is suitable to be used for serodiagnosis of Sarcocystosis. With further evaluations, SfSAG3 can potentially be used to confirm infection, asymptomatic screening, surveillance and epidemiological studies.
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Seroprevalence of Sarcocystosis in the local communities of Pangkor and Tioman Islands using recombinant surface antigens 3 (rSAG3) of Sarcocystis falcatula.
Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2018Co-Authors: Tengku Idzzan Nadzirah Tengku-idris, Mun Yik Fong, Yee Ling LauAbstract:To investigate the seroprevalence of Sarcocystosis in the local communities of Pangkor and Tioman islands, Malaysia, by using antigenic recombinant surface antigens 2 and 3 from Sarcocystis falcatula (rSfSAG2 and rSfSAG3) as the target proteins via Western blot and ELISA assays. SfSAG2 and SfSAG3 genes were isolated from S. falcatula and expressed in Escherichia coli expression system. A total of 348 serum samples [volunteers from both islands (n = 100), non-Sarcocystis parasitic infections patients (n = 50) and healthy donors (n = 100)] were collected and tested with purified SfSAGs in Western blot and ELISA assays to measure the seroprevalence of human Sarcocystosis. None of the sera in this study reacted with rSfSAG2 by Western blot and ELISA. For rSfSAG3, relatively high prevalence of Sarcocystosis was observed in Tioman Island (75.5%) than in Pangkor Island (34%) by Western blot. In ELISA, the different prevalence rate was observed between Tioman Island (43.8%) and Pangkor Island (37%). The prevalence rate in other parasitic infections (amoebiasis, cysticercosis, filariasis, malaria, toxocariasis and toxoplasmosis) was 30% by Western blot and 26% by ELISA. Only 8% (by Western blot) and 10% (by ELISA) of healthy donors showed reactivity towards rSfSAG3. This is the first study reporting a seroprevalence of Sarcocystosis in Pangkor and Tioman Islands, Malaysia. The combination of Western blot and ELISA is suitable to be used for serodiagnosis of Sarcocystosis. With further evaluations, SfSAG3 can potentially be used to confirm infection, asymptomatic screening, surveillance and epidemiological studies. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Modified use of methylene blue in the tissue compression technique to detect sarcocysts in meat-producing animals.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2015Co-Authors: Vellayan Subramaniam, Yee Ling LauAbstract:Sarcocystosis in meat-producing animals is a major cause of reduced productivity in many countries, especially those that rely on agriculture. Although several diagnostic methods are available to detect Sarcocystosis, many are too time-consuming for routine use in abattoirs and meat inspection centers, where large numbers of samples need to be tested. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity of the methylene blue tissue preparation, unstained tissue preparation and nested PCR in the detection of sarcocysts in tissue samples. Approximately three-fold more sarcocysts were detected in methylene blue-stained tissue compared to unstained controls (McNemar's test: P
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Short Report: Sarcocystis nesbitti Infection in Human Skeletal Muscle:Possible Transmission from Snakes.
2014Co-Authors: Chong Tin Tan, Mun Yik Fong, Phooi Yee Chang, Rohela Mahmud, Yee Ling LauAbstract:Sarcocystis nesbitti is an intracellular protozoan parasite found as sarcocysts within muscle fibers of inter- mediate hosts (monkey and baboon). The definitive host is suspected to be the snake. We report two cases from a larger cohort of 89 patients who had fever, headache, and generalized myalgia after a trip to Pangkor Island, Malaysia. Sarcocysts were detected in skeletal muscle biopsy specimens by light and electron microscopy from these two patients. DNA sequencing based on the 18S ribosomal DNA region identified the Sarcocystis species as S. nesbitti. We also identified S. nesbitti sequences in the stools of a snake (Naja naja). Phylogenetic analysis showed that these sequences form a cluster with most of the other known Sarcocystis species for which the snake is a definitive host. We believe these two patients were likely to have symptomatic acute muscular Sarcocystosis after S. nesbitti infection that may have originated from snakes. Sarcocystis species are an intracellular protozoan with a life cycle based on a prey-predator relationship in which various animal species serve as either intermediate or definitive hosts, respectively. Asexual development occurs in the intermediate host after ingestion of sporocysts produced by the definitive host and excreted in the feces. Ingestion of sarcocysts found in the muscles of the intermediate host by the predator definitive host completes the life cycle. 1 Humans serve as the definitive hosts for Sarcocystis hominis and S. suihominis after eating improperly cooked, sarcocyst-infected meat from inter- mediate hosts (cattle and pigs, respectively). Furthermore, humans can also serve as accidental intermediate hosts for some Sarcocystis species of hitherto unknown origin. In these cases, it is assumed that humans became infected through food or drinks contaminated by sporocysts, resulting in skele- tal muscle Sarcocystosis. Human Sarcocystosis is reported to be widely distributed. 1 A better understanding of the natural life cycle, including identity of the definitive hosts, is crucial to prevent zoonotic parasitic infections such as human muscular Sarcocystosis. Previous light microscopic and ultrastructural studies of the human sarcocyst have suggested that there is some similarity
Jitender P. Dubey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sarcocystosis of Animals and Humans
2015Co-Authors: Jitender P. Dubey, Rafael Calero-bernal, Benjamin M. Rosenthal, C. A. Speer, Ronald FayerAbstract:Sarcocystosis of animals and man , Sarcocystosis of animals and man , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
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Human Infections with Sarcocystis Species
Clinical microbiology reviews, 2015Co-Authors: Ronald Fayer, Douglas H. Esposito, Jitender P. DubeyAbstract:Recurrent outbreaks of muscular Sarcocystosis among tourists visiting islands in Malaysia have focused international attention on Sarcocystosis, a disease once considered rare in humans. Sarcocystis species require two hosts, definitive and intermediate, to complete their life cycle. Humans can serve as definitive hosts, with intestinal Sarcocystosis for two species acquired from eating undercooked meat: Sarcocystis hominis, from beef, and Sarcocystis suihominis, from pork. Symptoms such as nausea, stomachache, and diarrhea vary widely depending on the number of cysts ingested but appear more severe with pork than with beef. Humans serve as intermediate hosts for Sarcocystis nesbitti, a species with a reptilian definitive host, and possibly other unidentified species, acquired by ingesting sporocysts from feces-contaminated food or water and the environment; infections have an early phase of development in vascular endothelium, with illness that is difficult to diagnose; clinical signs include fever, headache, and myalgia. Subsequent development of intramuscular cysts is characterized by myositis. Presumptive diagnosis based on travel history to tropical regions, elevated serum enzyme levels, and eosinophilia is confirmed by finding sarcocysts in muscle biopsy specimens. There is no vaccine or confirmed effective antiparasitic drug for muscular Sarcocystosis, but anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce symptoms. Prevention strategies are also discussed.
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Foodborne and waterborne zoonotic Sarcocystosis
Food and Waterborne Parasitology, 2015Co-Authors: Jitender P. DubeyAbstract:Abstract The ingestion of raw beef or pork infected with Sarcocystis can cause illness in humans. Nausea and vomiting can occur within three days of consuming infected meat; these symptoms are considered due to toxic substances in sarcocysts or to other factors in raw meat. Diarrhea and abdominal pain are associated with excretion of sporulated sporocysts in human feces usually within 8–14 days after ingestion of infected meat. The intestinal phase is often self-limiting but sporocysts may be excreted for months. There appears to be little or no immunity to excretion of sporocysts after ingesting each infected meal. The clinical illness is more severe after eating infected pork versus infected beef. There is one zoonotic Sarcocystis species in pork, Sarcocystis suihominis , with domestic and wild pigs as intermediate hosts. Two zoonotic species are present in cattle, Sarcocystis hominis , and Sarcocystis heydorni ; neither has been recognized in North America. Although isolated human cases of muscular Sarcocystosis have been known for more than 100 years, recently a mysterious serious, diagnostically challenging illness has been reported in humans on vacation/travel to Malaysia; sarcocysts were detected histologically in biopsy of muscles from some of these patients. These outbreaks of Sarcocystosis-like illness in humans are summarized. Molecular epidemiological evidence suggests a new type of zoonosis linked to ingestion of food and water contaminated with “ Sarcocystis nesbitti ”. The life cycle of S. nesbitti remains unknown. Maccaque monkeys are thought to be its intermediate hosts and unknown species of snakes as definitive hosts. Evidence possibly linking S. nesbitti to human outbreaks or lack of it is reviewed.
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Clinical Muscular Sarcocystosis in a Dog
The Journal of parasitology, 2005Co-Authors: Jennifer L. Chapman, Mark G. Mense, Jitender P. DubeyAbstract:Muscular Sarcocystosis is a rare infection in dogs. Clinical myositis associated with an unidentified species of Sarcocystis was diagnosed in an adult dog from Canada. There was granulomatous myositis associated with numerous immature sarcocysts in a muscle biopsy obtained from the dog. The sarcocysts were up to 550 microm long and up to 45 microm wide. The sarcocyst wall was approximately 1 microm thick and contained short, stubby, villar protrusions that lacked microtubules. This is the first report on clinical muscular Sarcocystosis in a dog.
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Systemic Sarcocystosis in a wild turkey from Georgia.
Journal of wildlife diseases, 2000Co-Authors: Jitender P. Dubey, C. F. Quist, D. L. FritzAbstract:Acute Sarcocystosis was diagnosed in an adult female wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) that was collected from Early County (Georgia, USA) in February of 1998. Marked inflammatory lesions were seen in the heart, lung, and liver and were associated with protozoal schizonts and merozoites. The organisms were identified as Sarcocystis sp. (Acomplexa: Sarcocystidae) based on structure and antigenicity. Protozoa divided by endopolygeny, merozoites lacked rhoptries, and the organisms did not react to anti-S. falcatula antibodies but reacted to anti-S. cruzi antibodies.
Francisco A. Uzal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sarcocystosis in wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Patagonia, Argentina
Parasitology Research, 2016Co-Authors: Elizabeth Chang Reissig, Gastón Moré, Adriana Massone, Francisco A. UzalAbstract:Sarcocystis spp. are protozoan parasites with a heteroxenous life cycle, which produce cysts in the muscle of herbivorous animals. In these animal species, Sarcocystosis is frequently asymptomatic, although it may occur with high prevalence. Seven Sarcocystis spp. have been described in red deer ( Cervus elephus ). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Sarcocystosis, and to perform the morphological and molecular characterization of Sarcocystis spp. found in wild red deer of the Nahuel Huapi National Park (NHNP), Patagonia, Argentina. Full necropsies of 62 red deer killed by hunters in the NHNP and neighboring areas were performed. Samples of heart and skeletal muscle were examined histologically and selected samples were also examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), PCR and sequencing. Sarcocystis spp. thin walled cysts were detected in 62 % (38/62) of heart, and in 22 % (3/14) of skeletal muscle samples examined histologically. TEM revealed a smooth and thin cyst wall (≤1 μm), with scarce and separated ribbon-like protrusions. A total of three partial and one full 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences were obtained, and showed the highest identity (≥99 %) with Sarcocystis taeniata , a species described in moose ( Alces alces ). The morphological and molecular results indicate that red deer in Argentina are frequently infected with S. taeniata , a species for which the definitive host is unknown. The present results also confirm that Sarcocystis spp. using cervids as intermediate host are not host-specific. Further studies are needed to improve the epidemiological knowledge of Sarcocystosis in red deer.
Christen Rune Stensvold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Current Status of Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Human Sarcocystosis
Journal of clinical microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Casper Sahl Poulsen, Christen Rune StensvoldAbstract:Species of Sarcocystis are Apicomplexan parasites requiring intermediate and definitive hosts to complete their life cycle. Humans are one of many natural host species and may serve as both intermediate and definitive hosts. However, the extent and public health significance of human Sarcocystis infection are incompletely known. In this minireview, we provide an update on the epidemiology and diagnosis of human Sarcocystosis and propose some tools that could contribute to a better understanding of the clinical significance and epidemiology of Sarcocystis infections.
Antti Sukura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acute fulminant necrotizing myopathy in a dog caused by co-infection with ultrastructural Sarcocystis caninum and Sarcocystis svanai-like apicomplexan protozoa
Veterinary parasitology, 2018Co-Authors: Karolina Hagner, Tarja S. Jokinen, Antti Lavikainen, Antti SukuraAbstract:Typically, carnivores are the definitive and herbivores the intermediate hosts for protozoan Sarcocystis spp. In the definitive host, the parasite has sexual multiplication in the intestine. Asexual phases occur in the musculature of different intermediate hosts. Although intestinal Sarcocystosis is common in dogs, muscular symptomatic Sarcocystosis is rarely reported. Here we report a fatal dual Sarcocystis spp. infection in a dog. The dog had acute onset of non-ambulatory tetraparesis. While neurological findings suggested a generalized neuromuscular disease with peripheral neuropathy concordant with the neurological deficits, the highly elevated muscle enzymes were more suggestive of a myopathy. Despite supportive therapy, the dog died three days after the onset of clinical signs. Necropsy revealed severe monophasic multifocal myodegeneration with severe pyogranulomatous inflammation. Histology revealed multiple sarcocysts in skeletal muscles and a smaller number in the heart. In light microscopy, both thin-walled and very thin-walled sarcocysts were found in skeletal muscles. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of two types of mature sarcocysts. Morphologically, cysts were indistinguishable from Sarcocystis caninum and Sarcocystis svanai, which were previously reported in a dog from USA. A region of the 18S rRNA gene sequence confirmed the presence of one species, S. arctica/caninum, without evidence for a dual infection. This is the first report of muscular Sarcocystosis in a dog in Europe and, intriguingly, revealed morphologically similar species across the Atlantic.
