The Experts below are selected from a list of 1653 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kevin D Niedringhaus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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serology as a tool to investigate Sarcoptic Mange in american black bears ursus americanus
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Kevin D Niedringhaus, Justin C Brown, Mark A Ternent, Sarah K Peltier, Peach Van Wick, Michael J YabsleyAbstract:Abstract Black bears (Ursus americanus) have historically been considered an uncommon host for Sarcoptic Mange. However, over the last 25 yr, Sarcoptic Mange has been increasingly reported in black...
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a review of Sarcoptic Mange in north american wildlife
International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 2019Co-Authors: Kevin D Niedringhaus, Justin C Brown, Kellyn M Sweeley, Michael J YabsleyAbstract:Abstract The “itch mite” or “Mange mite”, Sarcoptes scabiei, causes scabies in humans and Sarcoptic Mange in domestic and free-ranging animals. This mite has a wide host range due to its ability to adapt to new hosts and has been spread across the globe presumably through human expansion. While disease caused by S. scabiei has been very well-studied in humans and domestic animals, there are still numerous gaps in our understanding of this pathogen in free-ranging wildlife. The literature on Sarcoptic Mange in North American wildlife is particularly limited, which may be due to the relatively limited number of clinically-affected species and lack of severe population impacts seen in other continents. This review article provides a summary of the current knowledge of Mange in wildlife, with a focus on the most common clinically-affected species in North America including red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ), gray wolves ( Canis lupus ), coyotes ( Canis latrans ), and American black bears ( Ursus americanus ).
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international meeting on Sarcoptic Mange in wildlife june 2018 blacksburg virginia usa
Parasites & Vectors, 2018Co-Authors: Kevin D Niedringhaus, Peach Van Wick, Scott Carver, Francisca Astorga, Emily S Almberg, Giovane Rodrigo Sousa, Kimberly Wingfield, L Rossi, Paul C CrossAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange is a globally distributed disease caused by the burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei, which also causes scabies in humans. A wide and increasing number of wild mammal species are reported to be susceptible to Mange; however, the impacts of the disease in wildlife populations, mechanisms involved in its eco-epidemiological dynamics, and risks to public and ecosystem health are still unclear. Major gaps exist concerning S. scabiei host specificity and the mechanisms involved in the different presentations of the disease, which change between individuals and species. Immunological responses to the mite may have a relevant role explaining these different susceptibilities, as these affect the clinical signs, and consequently, the severity of the disease. Recently, some studies have suggested Sarcoptic Mange as an emerging threat for wildlife, based on several outbreaks with increased severity, geographical expansions, and novel wild hosts affected. Disease ecology experts convened for the “International Meeting on Sarcoptic Mange in Wildlife” on 4–5 June 2018, hosted by the Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. The meeting had a structure of (i) pre-workshop review; (ii) presentation and discussions; and (iii) identification of priority research questions to understand Sarcoptic Mange in wildlife. The workgroup concluded that research priorities should be on determining the variation in modes of transmission for S. scabiei in wildlife, factors associated with the variation of disease severity among species, and long-terms effects of the Mange in wildlife populations. In this note we summarize the main discussions and research gaps identified by the experts.
Michael J Yabsley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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serology as a tool to investigate Sarcoptic Mange in american black bears ursus americanus
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Kevin D Niedringhaus, Justin C Brown, Mark A Ternent, Sarah K Peltier, Peach Van Wick, Michael J YabsleyAbstract:Abstract Black bears (Ursus americanus) have historically been considered an uncommon host for Sarcoptic Mange. However, over the last 25 yr, Sarcoptic Mange has been increasingly reported in black...
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a review of Sarcoptic Mange in north american wildlife
International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 2019Co-Authors: Kevin D Niedringhaus, Justin C Brown, Kellyn M Sweeley, Michael J YabsleyAbstract:Abstract The “itch mite” or “Mange mite”, Sarcoptes scabiei, causes scabies in humans and Sarcoptic Mange in domestic and free-ranging animals. This mite has a wide host range due to its ability to adapt to new hosts and has been spread across the globe presumably through human expansion. While disease caused by S. scabiei has been very well-studied in humans and domestic animals, there are still numerous gaps in our understanding of this pathogen in free-ranging wildlife. The literature on Sarcoptic Mange in North American wildlife is particularly limited, which may be due to the relatively limited number of clinically-affected species and lack of severe population impacts seen in other continents. This review article provides a summary of the current knowledge of Mange in wildlife, with a focus on the most common clinically-affected species in North America including red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ), gray wolves ( Canis lupus ), coyotes ( Canis latrans ), and American black bears ( Ursus americanus ).
Paulino Fandos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recommendations for the management of Sarcoptic Mange in free–ranging Iberian ibex populations
Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020Co-Authors: Javier Espinosa, Paulino Fandos, Jesus M Perez, Ramon C Soriguer, A. Baéz–bravo, F. J. Cano–manuel, J. R. López–olvera, Jose E GranadosAbstract:In recent decades, Sarcoptic Mange has become the main driver of demographic changes in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) populations in the Iberian Peninsula. Given this species’ economic and ecological importance, priority must be given to management measures aimed at limiting the effects of this disease. However, despite the wealth of research on Sarcoptic Mange in ibex, no common patterns of action are yet available to manage this disease under field conditions. The lack of national and international protocols aimed at controlling Sarcoptic Mange has favoured the spontaneous emergence of various disease management initiatives in Spain. However, very little information is available concerning this trend and what there is tends to be available only as ‘grey literature’ or is consigned to the memory of local observers. Traditional strategies designed to combat this disease include the administration of medicated feed and the non–selective culling of mangy ibex. Here, we propose a management approach that takes into account aspects relating to the ecology and conservation of ibex populations, as well as public–health–related factors. Our recommendations are based on knowledge of the disease and host–parasite interaction, and aim to promote long–term advances in its control. Moreover, we discuss the efficacy of the measures traditionally used in Mange management. The overall aim is to encourage debate between wildlife managers and motivate the development of alternative management strategies.
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how sensitive and specific is the visual diagnosis of Sarcoptic Mange in free ranging iberian ibexes
Parasites & Vectors, 2019Co-Authors: Marta Valldeperes, Arian Raezbravo, Jose E Granados, Paulino Fandos, Jesus M Perez, Jorge Ramon Lopezolvera, Emmanuel Serrano, Inmaculada Castro, Gregorio MentaberreAbstract:Background Sarcoptic Mange is a broadly distributed parasitic disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei that affects wild mammals from all over the world, including the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Selective culling of the scabietic individuals is the main management measure for disease control in Iberian ibex populations. Although visual identification of Mange-compatible lesions is the reference method to decide the target individual, both false negative and positive cases are common in the wild. The aim of this work is to determine the sensitivity (SE), and the specificity (SP) of selective culling after evaluating 403 ibexes hunted in the Sierra Nevada Nature Space for Sarcoptic Mange control between 2002 and 2015.
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evaluation of three enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for Sarcoptic Mange diagnosis and assessment in the iberian ibex capra pyrenaica
Parasites & Vectors, 2016Co-Authors: Arian Raezbravo, Jose E Granados, Francisco Javier Canomanuel, Emmanuel Serrano, Rosa Casais, L Rossi, Debora Dellamaria, Anna Puigdemont, Paulino FandosAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange is a contagious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, affecting different mammalian species worldwide including the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), in which mortalities over 90 % of the population have been reported. No efficient diagnostic methods are available for this disease, particularly when there are low mite numbers and mild or no clinical signs. In this study, three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) developed for dog (ELISA A), Cantabrian chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) (ELISA B) and Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) (ELISA C), were evaluated to detect specific antibodies (IgG) to Sarcoptic Mange in Iberian ibex sera. Serum samples from 131 Iberian ibexes (86 healthy and 45 scabietic) were collected from 2005 to 2012 in the Sierra Nevada Natural and National Parks (southern Spain). Based on visual inspection, ibexes were classified into one of three categories, namely healthy (without scabietic compatible lesions), mildly affected (skin lesions over less than 50 % of the body surface) and severely affected (skin lesions over more than 50 % of the body surface). The optimal cut-off point, specificity, sensitivity and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated, and the agreement between tests was determined. Moreover, differences in the optical density (OD) related to scabies severity have been evaluated for the best test. ELISA C showed better performance than the two other tests, reaching higher values of sensitivity (93.0 %) and specificity (93.5 %) against the visual estimation of the percentage of affected skin, chosen as the gold standard. Significantly higher concentrations of specific antibodies were observed with this test in the mildly and severely infested ibexes than in healthy ones. Our results revealed that ELISA C was an optimal test to diagnose Sarcoptic Mange in the Iberian ibex. Further studies characterizing immune response during the course of the disease, including spontaneous or drug induced recovery, should follow in order to better understand Sarcoptic Mange in Iberian ibex populations.
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sex biased severity of Sarcoptic Mange at the same biological cost in a sexually dimorphic ungulate
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: Jorge Ramon Lopezolvera, Francisco Javier Canomanuel, Paulino Fandos, Jesus M Perez, Emmanuel Serrano, Anna Armenteros, Joao Carvalho, Roser Velarde, Arian RaezAbstract:In sexually dimorphic species, male susceptibility to parasite infection and mortality is frequently higher than in females. The Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) is a sexually dimorphic mountain ungulate endemic to the Iberian Peninsula commonly affected by Sarcoptic Mange, a chronic catabolic skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei. Since 1992, Sarcoptic Mange affects the Iberian ibex population of the Sierra Nevada Natural Space (SNNS). This study aims at exploring whether Mange severity, in terms of prevalence and its effects on body condition, is male-biased in Iberian ibex. One thousand and seventy-one adult Iberian ibexes (439 females and 632 males) were randomly shot-harvested in the SNNS from May 1995 to February 2008. Sarcoptic Mange stage was classified as healthy, mildly infected or severely infected. Sex-biased prevalence of severe Mange was evaluated by a Chi-square test whereas the interaction between Mange severity and sex on body condition was assessed by additive models. Among scabietic individuals, the prevalence of severely affected males was 1.29 times higher than in females. On the other hand, both sexes were not able to take profit of a higher availability of seasonal food resources when Sarcoptic, particularly in the severe stages. Sarcoptic Mange severity is male-biased in Iberian ibex, though not Mange effects on body condition. Behavioural, immunological and physiological characteristics of males may contribute to this partial sex-biased susceptibility to Sarcoptic Mange.
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acute phase proteins increase with Sarcoptic Mange status and severity in iberian ibex capra pyrenaica schinz 1838
Parasitology Research, 2015Co-Authors: Arian Raezbravo, Jose E Granados, Jose J Ceron, Francisco Javier Canomanuel, Paulino Fandos, Jesus M Perez, Jose Espinosa, Ramon C Soriguer, Jorge Ramon LopezolveraAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange is a contagious skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei, affecting both domestic and wild mammals, including the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), a medium-sized mountain ungulate almost endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. Acute phase proteins (APPs) could be an indicator of Sarcoptic Mange disease and severity in Iberian ibex. Serum samples from 131 healthy and Sarcoptic Mange-affected Iberian ibexes were collected from 2005 to 2012 in Sierra Nevada Natural Space in southern Spain. Serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations were quantified, and statistically significant differences according to Sarcoptic Mange disease and severity were assessed. Both AGP and SAA were significantly higher in the Sarcoptic Mange-affected ibexes than in the healthy ones as well as in the severely affected ibexes as compared to those with less than 50 % of the body surface affected. For the first time, changes in APP are reported in relation to Sarcoptic Mange in Iberian ibex. It is also reported for the first time that the intensity of APP increase depends on the severity of Sarcoptic Mange, which could be related with the pathological secondary amyloidosis, leading to organ dysfunction in severely Mange-affected animals. Species and population differences in the increase of APP in response to Sarcoptic Mange could indicate individual and population differences in the immune capability of each population to deal with Mange, population prevalence and mortality being the last indicators of such sensitivity.
Jose E Granados - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recommendations for the management of Sarcoptic Mange in free–ranging Iberian ibex populations
Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020Co-Authors: Javier Espinosa, Paulino Fandos, Jesus M Perez, Ramon C Soriguer, A. Baéz–bravo, F. J. Cano–manuel, J. R. López–olvera, Jose E GranadosAbstract:In recent decades, Sarcoptic Mange has become the main driver of demographic changes in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) populations in the Iberian Peninsula. Given this species’ economic and ecological importance, priority must be given to management measures aimed at limiting the effects of this disease. However, despite the wealth of research on Sarcoptic Mange in ibex, no common patterns of action are yet available to manage this disease under field conditions. The lack of national and international protocols aimed at controlling Sarcoptic Mange has favoured the spontaneous emergence of various disease management initiatives in Spain. However, very little information is available concerning this trend and what there is tends to be available only as ‘grey literature’ or is consigned to the memory of local observers. Traditional strategies designed to combat this disease include the administration of medicated feed and the non–selective culling of mangy ibex. Here, we propose a management approach that takes into account aspects relating to the ecology and conservation of ibex populations, as well as public–health–related factors. Our recommendations are based on knowledge of the disease and host–parasite interaction, and aim to promote long–term advances in its control. Moreover, we discuss the efficacy of the measures traditionally used in Mange management. The overall aim is to encourage debate between wildlife managers and motivate the development of alternative management strategies.
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how sensitive and specific is the visual diagnosis of Sarcoptic Mange in free ranging iberian ibexes
Parasites & Vectors, 2019Co-Authors: Marta Valldeperes, Arian Raezbravo, Jose E Granados, Paulino Fandos, Jesus M Perez, Jorge Ramon Lopezolvera, Emmanuel Serrano, Inmaculada Castro, Gregorio MentaberreAbstract:Background Sarcoptic Mange is a broadly distributed parasitic disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei that affects wild mammals from all over the world, including the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Selective culling of the scabietic individuals is the main management measure for disease control in Iberian ibex populations. Although visual identification of Mange-compatible lesions is the reference method to decide the target individual, both false negative and positive cases are common in the wild. The aim of this work is to determine the sensitivity (SE), and the specificity (SP) of selective culling after evaluating 403 ibexes hunted in the Sierra Nevada Nature Space for Sarcoptic Mange control between 2002 and 2015.
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evaluation of three enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for Sarcoptic Mange diagnosis and assessment in the iberian ibex capra pyrenaica
Parasites & Vectors, 2016Co-Authors: Arian Raezbravo, Jose E Granados, Francisco Javier Canomanuel, Emmanuel Serrano, Rosa Casais, L Rossi, Debora Dellamaria, Anna Puigdemont, Paulino FandosAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange is a contagious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, affecting different mammalian species worldwide including the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), in which mortalities over 90 % of the population have been reported. No efficient diagnostic methods are available for this disease, particularly when there are low mite numbers and mild or no clinical signs. In this study, three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) developed for dog (ELISA A), Cantabrian chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) (ELISA B) and Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) (ELISA C), were evaluated to detect specific antibodies (IgG) to Sarcoptic Mange in Iberian ibex sera. Serum samples from 131 Iberian ibexes (86 healthy and 45 scabietic) were collected from 2005 to 2012 in the Sierra Nevada Natural and National Parks (southern Spain). Based on visual inspection, ibexes were classified into one of three categories, namely healthy (without scabietic compatible lesions), mildly affected (skin lesions over less than 50 % of the body surface) and severely affected (skin lesions over more than 50 % of the body surface). The optimal cut-off point, specificity, sensitivity and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated, and the agreement between tests was determined. Moreover, differences in the optical density (OD) related to scabies severity have been evaluated for the best test. ELISA C showed better performance than the two other tests, reaching higher values of sensitivity (93.0 %) and specificity (93.5 %) against the visual estimation of the percentage of affected skin, chosen as the gold standard. Significantly higher concentrations of specific antibodies were observed with this test in the mildly and severely infested ibexes than in healthy ones. Our results revealed that ELISA C was an optimal test to diagnose Sarcoptic Mange in the Iberian ibex. Further studies characterizing immune response during the course of the disease, including spontaneous or drug induced recovery, should follow in order to better understand Sarcoptic Mange in Iberian ibex populations.
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acute phase proteins increase with Sarcoptic Mange status and severity in iberian ibex capra pyrenaica schinz 1838
Parasitology Research, 2015Co-Authors: Arian Raezbravo, Jose E Granados, Jose J Ceron, Francisco Javier Canomanuel, Paulino Fandos, Jesus M Perez, Jose Espinosa, Ramon C Soriguer, Jorge Ramon LopezolveraAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange is a contagious skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei, affecting both domestic and wild mammals, including the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), a medium-sized mountain ungulate almost endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. Acute phase proteins (APPs) could be an indicator of Sarcoptic Mange disease and severity in Iberian ibex. Serum samples from 131 healthy and Sarcoptic Mange-affected Iberian ibexes were collected from 2005 to 2012 in Sierra Nevada Natural Space in southern Spain. Serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations were quantified, and statistically significant differences according to Sarcoptic Mange disease and severity were assessed. Both AGP and SAA were significantly higher in the Sarcoptic Mange-affected ibexes than in the healthy ones as well as in the severely affected ibexes as compared to those with less than 50 % of the body surface affected. For the first time, changes in APP are reported in relation to Sarcoptic Mange in Iberian ibex. It is also reported for the first time that the intensity of APP increase depends on the severity of Sarcoptic Mange, which could be related with the pathological secondary amyloidosis, leading to organ dysfunction in severely Mange-affected animals. Species and population differences in the increase of APP in response to Sarcoptic Mange could indicate individual and population differences in the immune capability of each population to deal with Mange, population prevalence and mortality being the last indicators of such sensitivity.
Christian Gortazar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative pathological and immunohistochemical features of Sarcoptic Mange in five sympatric wildlife species in northern spain
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2012Co-Authors: Alvaro Oleaga, Christian Gortazar, Rosa Casais, J Prieto, Ana BalseiroAbstract:This study collects pathological information concerning Sarcoptic Mange in sympatric red deer, roe deer, chamois, wolf and red fox from Northern Spain, and discusses reported variations in the response from the different species against Sarcoptes scabiei. Wolf is the only studied species which shows prevalence of the hypersensitivity (alopecic) response to the detriment of the hyperkeratotic form, usually observed in ungulates and fox. The present work shows the use of immunohistochemistry as a valuable tool for the study and diagnosis of Sarcoptic Mange in those species whose immune response or stage of infestation limits the number of detectable mites, not an unusual difficulty faced when working with Sarcoptic Mange in wildlife species.
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new techniques for an old disease Sarcoptic Mange in the iberian wolf
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Alvaro Oleaga, Ana Balseiro, Rosa Casais, Alberto Espi, Luis Llaneza, Alfonso Hartasanchez, Christian GortazarAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange, a parasitic skin infection caused by the burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei, has been reported in over 100 mammals, including humans. In endangered species, Mange causes conservation concerns because it may decimate isolated populations and contribute to extinction. The Iberian Peninsula still maintains one of the largest wolf (Canis lupus) populations in Europe. In Iberia, Sarcoptic Mange is endemic in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and the first confirmed wolf Mange cases were recently reported. However, knowledge on S. scabiei in wolves is scarce because of the sampling difficulties inherent to research on scarce species. In order to describe wolf Mange epidemiology and to infer conservation implications, this study combined traditional laboratory techniques with the revision of wolf carcass pictures taken by field biologists and original information obtained by camera trapping. A total of 125 necropsies and 8783 camera-trap days allowed insights into wolf Mange epidemiology between 2003 and 2010. Living Sarcoptes mites were detected in 19% of the fresh carcasses. Alopecic (delayed) type IV hypersensitive response reactions were observed, while parakeratotic lesions were infrequent. The number of mites isolated per wolf ranged from 1 to 78, and had a negative correlation with the percentage of alopecic skin. No effect by sex on Mange prevalence was found. Yearlings showed a lower probability to present Mange-compatible lesions than pups or adults. Wolves with Mange-compatible lesions had a lower kidney fat index than apparently healthy ones. ELISA testing of 88 sera yielded an antibody prevalence of 20%. Photo-trapping recorded Mange-compatible lesions since 2003 with a peak in 2008. The percentage of wolves with Mange-compatible lesions registered in camera-traps during 1 year correlated with the percentage of red foxes with lesions in the previous year. This is the first large survey on Sarcoptic Mange in the Iberian wolf. Necropsy data, with alopecia as the main feature and a slight effect on body condition, and trends derived from camera trapping coincided in showing a rather low prevalence and an apparently stable situation of the disease and its host, suggesting that this parasite is currently not a major threat for this wolf population. However, more information is needed in order to assess the effect of Mange on aspects such as pup survival.
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Sarcoptic Mange in two roe deer capreolus capreolus from northern spain
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2008Co-Authors: Alvaro Oleaga, Ana Balseiro, Christian GortazarAbstract:Sarcoptic Mange, a disease shared with domestic goat and sheep, affects chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) in northern Spain. Recent evidences suggest that Mange may be emerging among deer in this region. This communication describes two cases of fatal Sarcoptic Mange affecting roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) stags in Asturias (Northern Spain) in 2006. Both animals were in poor body condition and no significant lesions other than those caused by the mites were observed. Alopecia, along with cutaneous crusts and hyperkeratosis were present in head, neck, trunk, and legs, affecting almost all the body surface. Numerous Sarcoptes scabiei mites were isolated from the skin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of fatal Sarcoptic Mange in European roe deer.
