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Larry G. Arlian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a proteomic analysis of sarcoptes scabiei acari Sarcoptidae
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Marjorie S. Morgan, Larry G. Arlian, Dean S Rider, William C Grunwald, David R CoolAbstract:The pruritic skin disease scabies is caused by the burrowing of the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer). It is difficult to diagnose this disease because its symptoms often resemble those of other skin diseases. No reliable blood or molecular diagnostic test is available. The aim of this project was to begin to characterize the scabies proteome to identify scabies mite proteins, including those that may be useful in the development of a diagnostic test or vaccine. Various scabies mite extracts were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and 844 Coomassie Blue-stained protein spots were excised, subjected to trypsin digestion, and analyzed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight/Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). Tryptic fragment sequences determined by MS were searched against the recently completed S. scabiei annotated genome, leading to the identification of >150 proteins. Only 10 proteins hit to previously identified scabies proteins including actin, tropomyosin, and several ABC transporters. Thirteen proteins had homology to dust mite allergens (members of groups 8, 10, 13, 17, 20, 25, and 28). Most other sequences showed some homology to proteins in other mites and ticks including homologs of calmodulin, calreticulin, lipocalin, and glutathione-S-transferase. These data will now allow the identification of the proteins to which scabies patients produce antibodies, including those that may be good candidates for inclusion in a diagnostic test and vaccine.
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high resolution melt analysis for the detection of a mutation associated with permethrin resistance in a population of scabies mites
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2008Co-Authors: Cielo Pasay, Larry G. Arlian, Shelley F. Walton, Deborah C. Holt, Marjorie Morgan, D Vyszenskimoher, A Rose, James S. MccarthyAbstract:Permethrin as a topical acaricide cream is widely used to treat scabies. The neuronal voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc), necessary for the generation of action potentials in excitable cells, is the target of pyrethroid acaricides such as permethrin. Pyrethroid resistance has been linked to specific mutations in the Vssc gene. Following the partial sequencing of the Vssc gene in the scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei (L.) (Astigmata: Sarcoptidae), we compared Vssc gene sequences from permethrin-sensitive and -tolerant S. scabiei var. canis Gerlach mites, and identified a G to A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in permethrin-tolerant mites resulting in an amino acid change from glycine to aspartic acid in domain III S6. The mutation is in a region of the gene where mutations have been identified in a range of pyrethroid-resistant arthropods. Results of in vitro permethrin exposure assays showed that survival rates for mites bearing the mutation were similar to those previously reported for mites from human subjects where clinical tolerance to permethrin had been observed. A real-time polymerase chain reaction−high-resolution melt (PCR-HRM) assay was developed to detect this SNP. This assay provides a useful methodology for screening for this and other mutations associated with permethrin resistance in scabies mite populations and thus facilitates surveillance for acaricide resistance.
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in vivo evidence that sarcoptes scabiei acari Sarcoptidae is the source of molecules that modulate splenic gene expression
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2007Co-Authors: Larry G. Arlian, Ndate Fall, Marjorie S. MorganAbstract:The clinical signs of a Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer) (Acari: Sarcoptidae) infestation are initially delayed, which suggests that the mites can depress the immune/inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the modulatory properties of scabies mites in vivo at the gene expression level in a secondary lymphoid organ that is involved in initiating an immune response to the parasite. We found that substances from scabies mites influenced the expression of mRNA for molecules that participate in the sequestering of lymphocytes in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath, primary follicle, and marginal zone of the spleen. Mice exposed to live scabies mites exhibited decreased mRNA expression for the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-2 and L-selectin; the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and CCL5; and the receptors for several other cytokines including TNF and interferon gamma. In addition, exposure to live mites or vaccination with a scabies extract resulted in reduced expression of mRNA for B7-2, CD40, CD4, CD8, and CD45, thereby potentially reducing the physical interactions between B cells and T-helper (Th)2 helper cells, between Th1 and Tc cells, and between T-helper cells and antigen-presenting cells, thus depressing their function in response to thymus-dependent antigen. Live scabies mites also depressed expression of toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 6. In conclusion, our results indicate that live mites produce substances that can down-regulate expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors, and lymphocyte surface molecules involved in leukocyte sequestering and the interaction of B and T cells during activation of an immune response in the spleen.
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sarcoptes scabiei acari Sarcoptidae mite extract modulates expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2006Co-Authors: Laurel B Elder, Larry G. Arlian, Marjorie S. MorganAbstract:The inflammatory and immune responses seen with the worldwide disease scabies, caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer) (Acari: Sarcoptidae), are complex. Clinical symptoms are delayed for weeks in patients when they are infested with scabies for the first time. This study was undertaken to elucidate the role of the human dermal microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC-D) in modulating the inflammatory and immune responses in the skin to S. scabiei. Extracts of S. scabiei were incubated with HMVEC-D and the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors on the cells and the secretion of selected cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. S. scabiei extract was found to inhibit HMVEC-D expression of E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, although not intercellular adhesion molecule-1. The secretion of interleukin-8 also was inhibited by S. scabiei extract. S. scabiei extract increased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR-1 and both down-regulated and up-regulated expression of CXCR-2, depending on the concentration tested. These findings help explain the delayed inflammatory reaction to infestation with S. scabiei.
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Presence of host immunoglobulin in the gut of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae).
Journal of medical entomology, 2006Co-Authors: Christine M. Rapp, Marjorie S. Morgan, Larry G. ArlianAbstract:Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer) mites burrow in the nonliving stratum corneum of the epidermis of their mammalian hosts. These mites ingest extracellular fluid (serum) that seeps into the burrow from the lower vascular dermis. A strong host antibody response occurs when mites die in the skin. This suggests internal immunogenic proteins are released into the host at this time. Vaccination with internal antigens may be an approach to protect against this mite if host antibody to internal antigens that regulate key physiological processes is ingested along with serum. Our study clearly showed that scabies mites ingest host immunoglobulin as evidenced by the localization of fluorescent-labeled antibody to host immunoglobulin in the anterior midgut and esophagus of fresh mites removed from the host. This is the first study that demonstrates that this nonblood-feeding ectoparasitic mite ingests host antibody while feeding on tissue fluid that seeps into the stratum corneum.
Marjorie S. Morgan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a proteomic analysis of sarcoptes scabiei acari Sarcoptidae
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Marjorie S. Morgan, Larry G. Arlian, Dean S Rider, William C Grunwald, David R CoolAbstract:The pruritic skin disease scabies is caused by the burrowing of the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer). It is difficult to diagnose this disease because its symptoms often resemble those of other skin diseases. No reliable blood or molecular diagnostic test is available. The aim of this project was to begin to characterize the scabies proteome to identify scabies mite proteins, including those that may be useful in the development of a diagnostic test or vaccine. Various scabies mite extracts were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and 844 Coomassie Blue-stained protein spots were excised, subjected to trypsin digestion, and analyzed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight/Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). Tryptic fragment sequences determined by MS were searched against the recently completed S. scabiei annotated genome, leading to the identification of >150 proteins. Only 10 proteins hit to previously identified scabies proteins including actin, tropomyosin, and several ABC transporters. Thirteen proteins had homology to dust mite allergens (members of groups 8, 10, 13, 17, 20, 25, and 28). Most other sequences showed some homology to proteins in other mites and ticks including homologs of calmodulin, calreticulin, lipocalin, and glutathione-S-transferase. These data will now allow the identification of the proteins to which scabies patients produce antibodies, including those that may be good candidates for inclusion in a diagnostic test and vaccine.
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in vivo evidence that sarcoptes scabiei acari Sarcoptidae is the source of molecules that modulate splenic gene expression
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2007Co-Authors: Larry G. Arlian, Ndate Fall, Marjorie S. MorganAbstract:The clinical signs of a Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer) (Acari: Sarcoptidae) infestation are initially delayed, which suggests that the mites can depress the immune/inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the modulatory properties of scabies mites in vivo at the gene expression level in a secondary lymphoid organ that is involved in initiating an immune response to the parasite. We found that substances from scabies mites influenced the expression of mRNA for molecules that participate in the sequestering of lymphocytes in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath, primary follicle, and marginal zone of the spleen. Mice exposed to live scabies mites exhibited decreased mRNA expression for the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-2 and L-selectin; the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and CCL5; and the receptors for several other cytokines including TNF and interferon gamma. In addition, exposure to live mites or vaccination with a scabies extract resulted in reduced expression of mRNA for B7-2, CD40, CD4, CD8, and CD45, thereby potentially reducing the physical interactions between B cells and T-helper (Th)2 helper cells, between Th1 and Tc cells, and between T-helper cells and antigen-presenting cells, thus depressing their function in response to thymus-dependent antigen. Live scabies mites also depressed expression of toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 6. In conclusion, our results indicate that live mites produce substances that can down-regulate expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors, and lymphocyte surface molecules involved in leukocyte sequestering and the interaction of B and T cells during activation of an immune response in the spleen.
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sarcoptes scabiei acari Sarcoptidae mite extract modulates expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2006Co-Authors: Laurel B Elder, Larry G. Arlian, Marjorie S. MorganAbstract:The inflammatory and immune responses seen with the worldwide disease scabies, caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer) (Acari: Sarcoptidae), are complex. Clinical symptoms are delayed for weeks in patients when they are infested with scabies for the first time. This study was undertaken to elucidate the role of the human dermal microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC-D) in modulating the inflammatory and immune responses in the skin to S. scabiei. Extracts of S. scabiei were incubated with HMVEC-D and the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors on the cells and the secretion of selected cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. S. scabiei extract was found to inhibit HMVEC-D expression of E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, although not intercellular adhesion molecule-1. The secretion of interleukin-8 also was inhibited by S. scabiei extract. S. scabiei extract increased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR-1 and both down-regulated and up-regulated expression of CXCR-2, depending on the concentration tested. These findings help explain the delayed inflammatory reaction to infestation with S. scabiei.
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Presence of host immunoglobulin in the gut of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae).
Journal of medical entomology, 2006Co-Authors: Christine M. Rapp, Marjorie S. Morgan, Larry G. ArlianAbstract:Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer) mites burrow in the nonliving stratum corneum of the epidermis of their mammalian hosts. These mites ingest extracellular fluid (serum) that seeps into the burrow from the lower vascular dermis. A strong host antibody response occurs when mites die in the skin. This suggests internal immunogenic proteins are released into the host at this time. Vaccination with internal antigens may be an approach to protect against this mite if host antibody to internal antigens that regulate key physiological processes is ingested along with serum. Our study clearly showed that scabies mites ingest host immunoglobulin as evidenced by the localization of fluorescent-labeled antibody to host immunoglobulin in the anterior midgut and esophagus of fresh mites removed from the host. This is the first study that demonstrates that this nonblood-feeding ectoparasitic mite ingests host antibody while feeding on tissue fluid that seeps into the stratum corneum.
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genetic epidemiology of sarcoptes scabiei acari Sarcoptidae in northern australia
International Journal for Parasitology, 2004Co-Authors: Shelley F. Walton, Bart J. Currie, Larry G. Arlian, Marjorie S. Morgan, Deborah C. Holt, Susan J Pizzutto, Annette M Dougall, D Taplin, David J. KempAbstract:Utilising three hypervariable microsatellite markers we have previously shown that scabies mites on people are genetically distinct from those on dogs in sympatric populations in northern Australia. This had important ramifications on the formulation of public health control policies. In contrast phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial markers on scabies mites infecting multiple animal hosts elsewhere in the world could not differentiate any genetic variation between mite haplotype and host species. Here we further analyse the intra-specific relationship of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis with S. scabiei var. canis by using both mitochondrial DNA and an expanded nuclear microsatellite marker system. Phylogenetic studies using sequences from the mitochondrial genes coding for 16S rRNA and Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I demonstrated significant relationships between S. scabiei MtDNA haplotypes, host species and geographical location. Multi-locus genotyping using 15 microsatellite markers substantiated previous data that gene flow between scabies mite populations on human and dog hosts is extremely rare in northern Australia. These data clearly support our previous contention that control programs for human scabies in endemic areas with sympatric S. scabiei var. hominis and var. canis populations must focus on human-to-human transmission. The genetic division of dog and human derived scabies mites also has important implications in vaccine and diagnostic test development as well as the emergence and monitoring of drug resistance in S. scabiei in northern Australia.
Diann L. Vyszenski-moher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Responses of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae) to Nitrogenous Waste and Phenolic Compounds
Journal of medical entomology, 1996Co-Authors: Larry G. Arlian, Diann L. Vyszenski-moherAbstract:This study found that > or = 1 life stage(s) of Sarcoptes scabiei (L.) was significantly attracted to the nitrogenous compounds, guanine, purine, adenine, allantoin, hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate. Females and larvae responded to all compounds. Males responded to all compounds except purine and allantoin. Nymphs responded to all compounds except allantoin. Some specific concentrations of compounds attracted only 1 life stage but other concentrations attracted multiple life stages. Also, some life stages were attracted by multiple concentrations of a compound. The concentration that induced the greatest response by a particular life stage varied between life stages. Overall, greater percentages of females were attracted to the nitrogenous compounds than any other life stage. Females responded to more concentrations of a compound compared to other life stages. Males responded to fewer concentrations then immatures. In addition, all life stages of S. scabiei were significantly attracted to the phenolic compounds, 2,6-dichlorophenol, methyl salicylate, and 2-nitrophenol. Nymphs followed by females responded to the most concentrations. The results indicated that these nitrogenous wastes and phenolic compounds acted in a pheromone-like manner that induced assembly of these ectoparasitic mites.
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Response of Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis (Acari: Sarcoptidae) to Lipids of Mammalian Skin
Journal of medical entomology, 1995Co-Authors: Larry G. Arlian, Diann L. Vyszenski-moherAbstract:Bioassays were conducted to determine if Sarcoptes scabiei (L.) were attracted to lipid compounds that occur in or on the epidermis of human or other mammalian skin. Seventeen lipid compounds attracted S. scabiei including odd and even carbon chain lengths and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, a steroid, a steroid precursor, and a triglyceride. The attractive saturated fatty acids were pentanoic (5:0), hexanoic (6:0), octanoic (8:0), lauric (12:0), pentadecanoic (15:0), and stearic (18:0) acids. The unsaturated fatty acids oleic (18:1δ9), linoleic (18:2δ9,12), and arachidonic (20:4δ5,8,11,l4) acids also attracted scabies mites. No concentration of sebacic (10:0), myristic (14:0), palmitic (16:0), or arachidic (20:0) acids attracted any life stage of S. scabiei . Five fatty acid methyl esters attracted at least one life stage of mites. Cholesterol and squalene, its transient precursor, were both attractive as was the triglyceride, tripalmitin. The molar concentration of lipids that elicited the greatest response by a particular life stage varied between compounds (ranging from 1 to 0.0001 M). Some lipids were attractive at several concentrations, whereas for others a response was elicited by only one concentration. A comparison of different life stages showed that adults, especially females, were attracted more than immatures to most of the compounds. The data show that lipids that occur in the epidermis of human or other mammalian skin attract scabies mites. Therefore, host skin lipids may contribute to host specificity, attract mites to specific anatomical areas of the body, or play key roles in other host–parasite relationships.
Andhika Hardani Putra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence of Feline Sarcoptic Infestation of Cat Skin Diseases at Veterinary Teaching Hospital Airlangga University in 2012
2013Co-Authors: Andhika Hardani Putra, Rudy Sukamto, Sri Agus SudjarwoAbstract:Feline Sarcoptic Infestation is a mange caused by both of Sarcoptidae family mites, Sarcoptes scabiei var. cati and Notoedres cati. The aims of the research were to know the rate of prevalence of Feline Sarcoptic Infestation of Cat Skin Diseases and its predispositional factoral influence in Veterinary Teaching Hospital Airlangga University in 2012. The research was done by observing and recording the cases from the daily veterinary medical records, and was checked the ambulatoirs for validation. The result showed the number of Feline Sarcoptic Infestation cases were 29 cases of 128 skin diseases through 2012. The result also showed Feline Sarcoptic Infestation in Veterinary Teaching Hospital Airlangga University in 2012 attacked mostly in young long haired cats in wet season, and the highest numbers of correlational factors cases were adult cats at dry season, long haired cats below one year old, and long haired cats in wet season.
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PREVALENCE OF FELINE SARCOPTIC INFESTATION OF CAT SKIN DISEASES AT AIRLANGGA UNIVERSITY SMALL ANIMAL HOSPITAL IN 2012
2013Co-Authors: Andhika Hardani PutraAbstract:Feline Sarcoptic Infestation is a mange caused by both of Sarcoptidae family mites, Sarcoptes scabiei var. cati and Notoedres cati. The aims of the research were to know the rate of prevalence of Feline Sarcoptic Infestation of Cat Skin Diseases and its predispositional factoral influence in Small Animal Hospital Airlangga University in 2012. The research was done by observing and recording the cases from the daily medical records, and was checked the ambulatoirs for validation. The result showed the number of Feline Sarcoptic Infestation cases were 29 cases of 128 skin diseases through 2012. The result also showed Feline Sarcoptic Infestation in Small Animal Hospital Airlangga University in 2012 attacked mostly in young long haired cats in wet season, and the highest numbers of correlational factors cases were adult cats at dry season, long haired cats below one year old, and long haired cats in wet season.
Gad Baneth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ectoparasites in urban stray cats in Jerusalem, Israel: differences in infestation patterns of fleas, ticks and permanent ectoparasites.
Medical and veterinary entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Harold Salant, Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu, Gad BanethAbstract:In a period cross-sectional study performed to examine ectoparasites on 340 stray cats in Jerusalem, Israel, 186 (54.7%) were infested with the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), 49 (14.4%) with the cat louse, Felicola subrostratus (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae), 41 (12.0%) with the ear mite, Otodectes cynotis (Astigmata: Psoroptidae), three (0.9%) with the fur mite, Cheyletiella blakei (Trobidiformes: Cheyletidae), two (0.6%) with the itch mite Notoedres cati (Astigmata: Sarcoptidae), and 25 (7.3%) with ticks of the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Ixodida: Ixodidae), Rhipicephalus turanicus or Haemaphysalis adleri (Ixodida: Ixodidae). A higher number of flea infestations was observed in apparently sick cats (P < 0.05) and in cats aged < 6 months (P < 0.05). The proportion of flea-infested cats (P < 0.01), as well as the number of fleas per infested cat (P < 0.01), was higher in autumn than in other seasons. By contrast with findings in cats with flea infestations, rates of infestation with ticks were higher amongst cats with clinical signs (P < 0.01) and cats aged ≥ 6 months (P < 0.05). The high rates of ectoparasite infestation in the cats studied constitute a risk for the spread of vector-borne infections of zoonotic and veterinary importance.
