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Paul Feeny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Host-Plant Chemistry Influences Oviposition Choice of the Spicebush Swallowtail Butterfly
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Maureen Carter, Paul FeenyAbstract:The spicebush swallowtail, Papilio troilus (L.), lays its eggs on plants in the family Lauraceae. Sassafras [ Sassafras Albidum (Nutt.) Nees], spicebush [ Lindera benzoin (L.) Spreng.], redbay ( Persea borbonia (L.)] and camphortree [ Cinnamomum camphora (Nees) Eberm.] are four of its known host plants. In one-choice tests, free-flying spicebush swallowtail females laid eggs on chemical extracts of the leaves of each of these four hosts. In two-choice experiments, females always preferred to oviposit on an extract of Sassafras compared to extracts of the other three hosts. It was shown for spicebush extract that this response was not due to oviposition experience. Previously we had identified one of the host plant chemicals acting as an oviposition stimulant in Sassafras extract as 3-caffeoyl- muco -quinic acid (3-C m QA). Extracts of the other three hosts did not contain this compound. The addition of 3-C m QA alone to spicebush extract did not increase oviposition activity. It did, however, increase discrimination between hosts and nonhosts. When a fraction of Sassafras extract containing 3-C m QA and other synergistic stimulants was added to spicebush extract, preference for Sassafras extract was no longer recorded. These results show existing differences in oviposition chemistry among host plants of the spicebush swallowtail and how these differences can influence oviposition choice in bioassay experiments.
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An Oviposition Stimulant for Spicebush Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio troilus, from Leaves of Sassafras Albidum
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Maureen Carter, Paul Feeny, Meena HaribalAbstract:Female butterflies of the spicebush swallowtail, Papilio troilus , are specialists, ovipositing on plants in the family Lauraceae. Column chromatography and HPLC were used to isolate an oviposition stimulant from the leaves of one of its hosts, Sassafras Albidum. The stimulant was identified as 3- trans -caffeoyl-muco-quinic acid on the basis of FAB-MS and ^1H NMR spectra as compared to a compound previously isolated from another plant. It was not active alone, but it increased the oviposition activity of butterflies when combined with other stimulant(s) at a concentration of 7 ng/mm^2 leaf surface area. Other caffeoylquinic acid isomers tested did not have this effect. This is the first report of a swallowtail contact oviposition stimulant from a plant in the family Lauraceae.
Maureen Carter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Host-Plant Chemistry Influences Oviposition Choice of the Spicebush Swallowtail Butterfly
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Maureen Carter, Paul FeenyAbstract:The spicebush swallowtail, Papilio troilus (L.), lays its eggs on plants in the family Lauraceae. Sassafras [ Sassafras Albidum (Nutt.) Nees], spicebush [ Lindera benzoin (L.) Spreng.], redbay ( Persea borbonia (L.)] and camphortree [ Cinnamomum camphora (Nees) Eberm.] are four of its known host plants. In one-choice tests, free-flying spicebush swallowtail females laid eggs on chemical extracts of the leaves of each of these four hosts. In two-choice experiments, females always preferred to oviposit on an extract of Sassafras compared to extracts of the other three hosts. It was shown for spicebush extract that this response was not due to oviposition experience. Previously we had identified one of the host plant chemicals acting as an oviposition stimulant in Sassafras extract as 3-caffeoyl- muco -quinic acid (3-C m QA). Extracts of the other three hosts did not contain this compound. The addition of 3-C m QA alone to spicebush extract did not increase oviposition activity. It did, however, increase discrimination between hosts and nonhosts. When a fraction of Sassafras extract containing 3-C m QA and other synergistic stimulants was added to spicebush extract, preference for Sassafras extract was no longer recorded. These results show existing differences in oviposition chemistry among host plants of the spicebush swallowtail and how these differences can influence oviposition choice in bioassay experiments.
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An Oviposition Stimulant for Spicebush Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio troilus, from Leaves of Sassafras Albidum
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Maureen Carter, Paul Feeny, Meena HaribalAbstract:Female butterflies of the spicebush swallowtail, Papilio troilus , are specialists, ovipositing on plants in the family Lauraceae. Column chromatography and HPLC were used to isolate an oviposition stimulant from the leaves of one of its hosts, Sassafras Albidum. The stimulant was identified as 3- trans -caffeoyl-muco-quinic acid on the basis of FAB-MS and ^1H NMR spectra as compared to a compound previously isolated from another plant. It was not active alone, but it increased the oviposition activity of butterflies when combined with other stimulant(s) at a concentration of 7 ng/mm^2 leaf surface area. Other caffeoylquinic acid isomers tested did not have this effect. This is the first report of a swallowtail contact oviposition stimulant from a plant in the family Lauraceae.
Meena Haribal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Oviposition Stimulant for Spicebush Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio troilus, from Leaves of Sassafras Albidum
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Maureen Carter, Paul Feeny, Meena HaribalAbstract:Female butterflies of the spicebush swallowtail, Papilio troilus , are specialists, ovipositing on plants in the family Lauraceae. Column chromatography and HPLC were used to isolate an oviposition stimulant from the leaves of one of its hosts, Sassafras Albidum. The stimulant was identified as 3- trans -caffeoyl-muco-quinic acid on the basis of FAB-MS and ^1H NMR spectra as compared to a compound previously isolated from another plant. It was not active alone, but it increased the oviposition activity of butterflies when combined with other stimulant(s) at a concentration of 7 ng/mm^2 leaf surface area. Other caffeoylquinic acid isomers tested did not have this effect. This is the first report of a swallowtail contact oviposition stimulant from a plant in the family Lauraceae.
J Hwang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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first report of laurel wilt caused by raffaelea lauricola on Sassafras Sassafras Albidum in alabama
Plant Disease, 2013Co-Authors: Rabiu Olatinwo, C Barton, Stephen W Fraedrich, Wood Johnson, J HwangAbstract:Laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, a fungal symbiont of the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is responsible for extensive mortality of native redbays (Persea borbonia and P. palustris) in the coastal plains of the southeastern United States (1). The wilt also affects the more widespread Sassafras, Sassafras Albidum, particularly in areas where diseased redbays are common and populations of X. glabratus are high. Because Sassafras stems were thought to lack chemicals that are attractive to the beetle, and Sassafras tends to be widely scattered in forests, it was believed that the advance of the laurel wilt epidemic front might slow once it reached the edge of the natural range of redbay, which is restricted to the coastal plains of the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts (2). In July and August of 2011, wilt-like symptoms (i.e., wilted and dead leaves, and streaks of black discoloration in the xylem) were observed on 1 to 10 Sassafras trees (15 to 23 cm diameter; 6 to 9 m height) at each of three...
Stephen W Fraedrich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Progression and Impact of Laurel Wilt Disease within Redbay and Sassafras Populations in Southeast Georgia
Southeastern Naturalist, 2015Co-Authors: R. Scott Cameron, Stephen W Fraedrich, James L. Hanula, Chip BatesAbstract:Abstract Laurel wilt disease (LWD), caused by the fungus Raffaelea lauricola and transmitted by Xyleborus glabratus (Redbay Ambrosia Beetle [RAB]), has killed millions of Persea borbonia (Redbay) trees throughout the southeastern Coastal Plain. Laurel wilt also has been detected in Sassafras Albidum (Sassafras) in widely dispersed locations across the southeastern US. We established long-term laurel wilt disease-progression plots in Redbay and Sassafras stands in southeastern Georgia and monitored them through 4 years to document mortality rates and investigate long-term effects of LWD on Redbay and Sassafras survival and regeneration. Laurel wilt disease killed 87.3% of Redbay and 79.5% of Sassafras trees in the plots. The time from initial LWD detection to inactivity (no new mortality) in Redbay stands ranged from 1.1 to 3.6 years, with rate of disease progression positively related to host-tree size and abundance. Larger trees died at a higher rate in both Redbay and Sassafras stands, and mortality cur...
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first report of laurel wilt caused by raffaelea lauricola on Sassafras Sassafras Albidum in alabama
Plant Disease, 2013Co-Authors: Rabiu Olatinwo, C Barton, Stephen W Fraedrich, Wood Johnson, J HwangAbstract:Laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, a fungal symbiont of the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is responsible for extensive mortality of native redbays (Persea borbonia and P. palustris) in the coastal plains of the southeastern United States (1). The wilt also affects the more widespread Sassafras, Sassafras Albidum, particularly in areas where diseased redbays are common and populations of X. glabratus are high. Because Sassafras stems were thought to lack chemicals that are attractive to the beetle, and Sassafras tends to be widely scattered in forests, it was believed that the advance of the laurel wilt epidemic front might slow once it reached the edge of the natural range of redbay, which is restricted to the coastal plains of the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts (2). In July and August of 2011, wilt-like symptoms (i.e., wilted and dead leaves, and streaks of black discoloration in the xylem) were observed on 1 to 10 Sassafras trees (15 to 23 cm diameter; 6 to 9 m height) at each of three...
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First report of Laurel Wilt caused by Rafffaelea lauricola on Sassafras in Mississippi
Plant Disease, 2011Co-Authors: John J. Riggins, Stephen W Fraedrich, T.c. HarringtonAbstract:Laurel wilt is caused by the fungus Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harrin., Aghayeva & Fraedrich and is lethal to redbay (Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.), Sassafras (Sassafras Albidum (Nutt.) Nees), and other species in the Lauraceae (1). The fungus is carried by the redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus Eichh.), which is native to Asia. After being discovered in Georgia in 2002 (1), X. glabratus and R. lauricola have spread rapidly, causing extensive redbay mortality in South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi (1,4). The disease has also been confirmed on Sassafras in Florida, South Carolina (1), and Georgia. Questions remain as to whether laurel wilt will continue to spread on Sassafras, which often occurs as scattered trees in the eastern United States. In June 2010, a homeowner reported that a Sassafras tree north of Van Cleave, MS (30.668°N, 88.686°W) had begun wilting in late May. This landscape tree had three 10-m high stems (~20 cm in diameter at breast height). Dark staining in the xylem w...
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First Report of Laurel Wilt Disease Caused by Raffaelea lauricola on Sassafras in Florida and South Carolina.
Plant Disease, 2009Co-Authors: Jason A. Smith, Stephen W Fraedrich, Albert E. Mayfield, Tyler J. Dreaden, A. Boone, C. A. BatesAbstract:Laurel wilt disease, caused by Raffaelea lauricola (T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva sp. nov.), which is a fungal symbiont of the nonnative redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff), has caused widespread mortality of native redbay (Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng) in Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida since 2002. The disease has been noted on other species in the Lauraceae including Sassafras in Georgia (1), and more recently, on avocado and camphor in Florida (4). Since 2005, wilted shoots, branch dieback, and tree death have been observed in Sassafras trees (Sassafras Albidum (L.)) in Liberty, McIntosh, Chatham, Effingham, Bulloch, Evans, and Screven counties in Georgia; Bamberg, Beaufort, Charleston, Colleton, Hampton, and Orangeburg counties in South Carolina; and Putnam County in Florida. Symptomatic Sassafras trees ranged from 1 to 12 m high and 2.5 to 25 cm in diameter at breast height. In contrast to red bay trees that retain wilted foliage, symptomatic Sassafras defoliate rapidly as tr...
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California laurel is susceptible to laurel wilt caused by Raffaelea lauricola.
Plant Disease, 2008Co-Authors: Stephen W FraedrichAbstract:Extensive mortality of redbay (Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.) has been observed in the southeastern United States since 2003. The mortality is due to laurel wilt caused by Raffaelea lauricola T. C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva, a fungal symbiont of the recently introduced redbay ambrosia beetle (RAB), Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (1,2). The wilt is known to affect other members of the Lauraceae including Sassafras (Sassafras Albidum (Nuttall) Nees) and avocado (Persea americana Mill.) (1,3). Two inoculation experiments were conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of California laurel (Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.) to R. lauricola. Seedlings, averaging 73 cm high and 13 mm in diameter, were wounded with a drill bit (2.8 mm) to a depth of one-half the diameter of the stems. In each experiment, 10 seedlings were inoculated with one of two isolates of R. lauricola (five seedlings per isolate) obtained as previously described (1) from wilted redbays on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina and For...