The Experts below are selected from a list of 2475 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Masayoshi Kurachi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A follow-up MRI study of the fusiform gyrus and middle and inferior temporal gyri in schizophrenia spectrum.
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 2011Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Ryoichiro Tanino, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Kazue Nakamura, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Hikaru Seto, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:Abstract While longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated progressive gray matter reduction of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) during the early phases of schizophrenia, it remains largely unknown whether other temporal lobe structures also exhibit similar progressive changes and whether these changes, if present, are specific to schizophrenia among the spectrum Disorders. In this longitudinal MRI study, the gray matter volumes of the fusiform, middle temporal, and inferior temporal gyri were measured at baseline and follow-up scans (mean inter-scan interval = 2.7 years) in 18 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 13 patients with Schizotypal Disorder, and 20 healthy controls. Both schizophrenia and Schizotypal patients had a smaller fusiform gyrus than controls bilaterally at both time points, whereas no group difference was found in the middle and inferior temporal gyri. In the longitudinal comparison, the schizophrenia patients showed significant fusiform gyrus reduction (left, − 2.6%/year; right, − 2.3%/year) compared with Schizotypal patients (left: − 0.4%/year; right: − 0.2%/year) and controls (left: 0.1%/year; right: 0.0%/year). However, the middle and inferior temporal gyri did not exhibit significant progressive gray matter change in all diagnostic groups. In the schizophrenia patients, a higher cumulative dose of antipsychotics during follow-up was significantly correlated with less severe gray matter reduction in the left fusiform gyrus. The annual gray matter loss of the fusiform gyrus did not correlate with that of the STG previously reported in the same subjects. Our findings suggest regional specificity of the progressive gray matter reduction in the temporal lobe structures, which might be specific to overt schizophrenia within the schizophrenia spectrum.
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Longitudinal volume changes of the pituitary gland in patients with Schizotypal Disorder and first-episode schizophrenia
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2010Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Ryoichiro Tanino, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Kazue Nakamura, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Hikaru Seto, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:Abstract An enlarged volume of the pituitary gland has been reported in the schizophrenia spectrum, possibly reflecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) hyperactivity. However, it remains largely unknown whether the pituitary size longitudinally changes in the course of the spectrum Disorders. In the present study, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were obtained from 18 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 13 patients with Schizotypal Disorder, and 20 healthy controls. The pituitary volume was measured at baseline and follow-up (mean, 2.7 years) scans and was compared across groups. The pituitary volume was larger in the schizophrenia patients than controls at baseline, and both patient groups had significantly larger pituitary volume than controls at follow-up. In a longitudinal comparison, both schizophrenia (3.6%/year) and Schizotypal (2.7%/year) patients showed significant pituitary enlargement compared with controls (− 1.8%/year). In the schizophrenia patients, greater pituitary enlargement over time was associated with less improvement of delusions and higher scores for thought Disorders at the follow-up. These findings suggest that the pituitary gland exhibits ongoing volume changes during the early course of the schizophrenia spectrum as a possible marker of state-related impairments.
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A follow-up MRI study of the superior temporal subregions in Schizotypal Disorder and first-episode schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia research, 2010Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Ryoichiro Tanino, Kazue Nakamura, Michio Suzuki, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Hikaru Seto, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:While longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated progressive gray matter reduction of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) during the early phases of schizophrenia, it remains unknown whether patients with Schizotypal features exhibit similar STG changes. In this study, longitudinal MRI data were obtained from 18 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 13 patients with Schizotypal Disorder, and 20 healthy controls. The volumes of the STG and its subregions [planum polare (PP), Heschl gyrus (HG), planum temporale (PT), rostral STG, and caudal STG] were measured on baseline and follow-up (mean: 2.7 years) scans and were compared across groups. At the baseline, both the schizophrenia and Schizotypal patients had smaller left PT and left caudal STG than the controls. In a longitudinal comparison, the schizophrenia patients showed significant gray matter reduction of the STG over time (left: -2.8%/year; right: -1.5%/year) compared with the Schizotypal patients (left: -0.6%/year; right: -0.3%/year) and controls (left: 0.0%/year; right: -0.1%/year) without a prominent effect of subregion or type of antipsychotic (typical/atypical). In the schizophrenia patients, greater annual volume reductions of the left PP and right PT were correlated with less improvement of positive psychotic symptoms. A higher cumulative dose of antipsychotics during follow-up in schizophrenia was significantly correlated with less severe gray matter reductions in the left PT and bilateral caudal STG. Our findings suggest that the left posterior STG subregions are commonly reduced in diseases of the schizophrenia spectrum; whereas, schizophrenia patients exhibit further progressive STG changes associated with overt psychosis in the early years of the illness.
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Increased pituitary volume in schizophrenia spectrum Disorders.
Schizophrenia research, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Kazue Nakamura, Michio Suzuki, Hikaru Seto, Masayoshi Kurachi, Dennis Velakoulis, Valentina Lorenzetti, Bridget Soulsby, Christos PantelisAbstract:While hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity has been implicated in psychotic Disorders, previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the pituitary gland volume in schizophrenia have yielded controversial results. It is also unknown whether patients with schizophrenia spectrum such as Schizotypal Disorder exhibit pituitary volume changes. In this study, we investigated the pituitary volume using MRI in 47 Schizotypal Disorder patients (29 males, mean age=25.0 years), 72 schizophrenia patients (38 males, mean age=26.2 years), and 81 age and gender matched healthy controls (46 males, mean age=24.5 years). Both patient groups had a larger pituitary volume compared with controls, but no difference was found between the schizophrenia and Schizotypal patients. The pituitary volume was larger in females than in males for all diagnostic groups. There was no association between the pituitary volume and type (typical versus atypical), daily dosage, or duration of antipsychotic medication in either patient group. These findings are consistent with a stress-diathesis model of schizophrenia and further suggest that the Schizotypal patients share HPA axis hyperactivity with young established schizophrenia patients reflecting a common vulnerability to stress within the schizophrenia spectrum.
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Prevalence and length of the adhesio interthalamica in schizophrenia spectrum Disorders.
Psychiatry research, 2008Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Ryoichiro Tanino, Kazue Nakamura, Michio Suzuki, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Hikaru Seto, Marc L. Seal, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the prevalence and length of the adhesio interthalamica (AI) in 72 schizophrenia patients, 47 Schizotypal Disorder patients, and 81 healthy controls. The AI was more often absent and shorter in both Disorders than in controls, possibly reflecting common neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the schizophrenia spectrum.
Tsutomu Takahashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reduced Cortical Thickness in Schizophrenia and Schizotypal Disorder.
Schizophrenia bulletin, 2020Co-Authors: Yoichiro Takayanagi, Daiki Sasabayashi, Yumiko Nishikawa, Mihoko Nakamura, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Schizotypal Disorder is characterized by odd behavior and attenuated forms of schizophrenic features without the manifestation of overt and sustained psychoses. Past studies suggest that Schizotypal Disorder shares biological and psychological commonalties with schizophrenia. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated both common and distinct regional gray matter changes between schizophrenia and Schizotypal Disorder. However, no study has compared cortical thickness, which is thought to be a specific indicator of cortical atrophy, between schizophrenia and Schizotypal Disorder. The subjects consisted of 102 schizophrenia and 46 Schizotypal Disorder patients who met the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition criteria and 79 gender- and age-matched healthy controls. Each participant underwent a T1-weighted 3-D MRI scan using a 1.5-Tesla scanner. Cortical thickness was estimated using FreeSurfer. Consistent with previous studies, schizophrenia patients exhibited wide-spread cortical thinning predominantly in the frontal and temporal regions as compared with healthy subjects. Patients with Schizotypal Disorder had a significantly reduced cortical thickness in the left fusiform and parahippocampal gyri, right medial superior frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, and right medial orbitofrontal cortex as compared with healthy controls. Schizophrenia patients had thinner cortices in the left precentral and paracentral gyri than those with Schizotypal Disorder. Common cortical thinning patterns observed in schizophrenia and Schizotypal Disorder patients may be associated with vulnerability to psychosis. Our results also suggest that distinct cortical changes in schizophrenia and Schizotypal Disorder may be associated with the differences in the manifestation of clinical symptoms among these Disorders.
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Increased brain gyrification in the schizophrenia spectrum.
Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2019Co-Authors: Daiki Sasabayashi, Yumiko Nishikawa, Mihoko Nakamura, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Tsutomu Takahashi, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Aim Increased brain gyrification in diverse cortical regions has been reported in patients with schizophrenia, possibly reflecting deviations in early neurodevelopment. However, it remains unknown whether patients with Schizotypal Disorder exhibit similar changes. Methods This magnetic resonance imaging study investigated brain gyrification in 46 patients with Schizotypal Disorder (29 male, 17 female), 101 patients with schizophrenia (55 male, 46 female), and 77 healthy controls (44 male, 33 female). T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained for each participant. Using FreeSurfer software, the local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was compared across the groups. Results Both schizophrenia and Schizotypal Disorder patients showed a significantly higher LGI in diverse cortical regions, including the bilateral prefrontal and left parietal cortices, as compared with controls, but its extent was broader in schizophrenia especially for the right prefrontal and left occipital regions. No significant correlations were found between the LGI and clinical variables (e.g., symptom severity, medication) for either of the patient groups. Conclusion Increased LGI in the frontoparietal regions was common to both patient groups and might represent vulnerability to schizophrenia, while more diverse changes in schizophrenia patients might be associated with the manifestation of florid psychosis.
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Decreased number of orbital sulci in schizophrenia spectrum Disorders.
Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging, 2016Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Daiki Sasabayashi, Yumiko Nishikawa, Mihoko Nakamura, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Michio SuzukiAbstract:An altered orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern has been reported in the schizophrenia-spectrum, but it remains unknown whether they also have differences in the number of intermediate and posterior orbital sulci compared with healthy subjects. This magnetic resonance imaging study investigated the number of these sulci in 102 schizophrenia patients, 47 Schizotypal Disorder patients, and 84 controls. Both patient groups had a significantly lower number of both sulci bilaterally compared with controls, which was weakly associated with the severity of negative symptoms. Our results may reflect the neurodevelopmental pathology related to vulnerability to psychosis.
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orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern and olfactory sulcus depth in the schizophrenia spectrum
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Yumiko Nishikawa, Daiki Sasabayashi, Mihoko Nakamura, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Morphological changes in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), such as an altered sulcogyral pattern of the ‘H-shaped’ orbital sulcus and a shallow olfactory sulcus, have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, possibly reflecting deviations in early neurodevelopment. However, it remains unclear whether patients with Schizotypal features exhibit similar OFC changes. This magnetic resonance imaging study examined the OFC sulcogyral pattern (Types I, II, III, and IV) and olfactory sulcus morphology in 102 patients with schizophrenia, 47 patients with Schizotypal Disorder, and 84 healthy controls. The OFC sulcogyral pattern distribution between the groups was significantly different on the right hemisphere, with the schizophrenia patients showing a decrease in Type I (vs controls and Schizotypal patients) and an increase in Type III (vs controls) expression. However, the Schizotypal patients and controls did not differ in the OFC pattern. There were significant group differences in the olfactory sulcus depth bilaterally (schizophrenia patients < Schizotypal patients < controls). Our findings suggest that Schizotypal Disorder, a milder form of schizophrenia spectrum Disorders, partly shares the OFC changes (i.e., altered depth of the olfactory sulcus) with schizophrenia, possibly reflecting a common disease vulnerability. However, altered distribution of the OFC pattern specific to schizophrenia may at least partly reflect neurodevelopmental pathology related to a greater susceptibility to overt psychosis.
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Orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern and olfactory sulcus depth in the schizophrenia spectrum
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Yumiko Nishikawa, Daiki Sasabayashi, Mihoko Nakamura, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Morphological changes in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), such as an altered sulcogyral pattern of the ‘H-shaped’ orbital sulcus and a shallow olfactory sulcus, have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, possibly reflecting deviations in early neurodevelopment. However, it remains unclear whether patients with Schizotypal features exhibit similar OFC changes. This magnetic resonance imaging study examined the OFC sulcogyral pattern (Types I, II, III, and IV) and olfactory sulcus morphology in 102 patients with schizophrenia, 47 patients with Schizotypal Disorder, and 84 healthy controls. The OFC sulcogyral pattern distribution between the groups was significantly different on the right hemisphere, with the schizophrenia patients showing a decrease in Type I (vs controls and Schizotypal patients) and an increase in Type III (vs controls) expression. However, the Schizotypal patients and controls did not differ in the OFC pattern. There were significant group differences in the olfactory sulcus depth bilaterally (schizophrenia patients
Michio Suzuki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reduced Cortical Thickness in Schizophrenia and Schizotypal Disorder.
Schizophrenia bulletin, 2020Co-Authors: Yoichiro Takayanagi, Daiki Sasabayashi, Yumiko Nishikawa, Mihoko Nakamura, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Schizotypal Disorder is characterized by odd behavior and attenuated forms of schizophrenic features without the manifestation of overt and sustained psychoses. Past studies suggest that Schizotypal Disorder shares biological and psychological commonalties with schizophrenia. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated both common and distinct regional gray matter changes between schizophrenia and Schizotypal Disorder. However, no study has compared cortical thickness, which is thought to be a specific indicator of cortical atrophy, between schizophrenia and Schizotypal Disorder. The subjects consisted of 102 schizophrenia and 46 Schizotypal Disorder patients who met the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition criteria and 79 gender- and age-matched healthy controls. Each participant underwent a T1-weighted 3-D MRI scan using a 1.5-Tesla scanner. Cortical thickness was estimated using FreeSurfer. Consistent with previous studies, schizophrenia patients exhibited wide-spread cortical thinning predominantly in the frontal and temporal regions as compared with healthy subjects. Patients with Schizotypal Disorder had a significantly reduced cortical thickness in the left fusiform and parahippocampal gyri, right medial superior frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, and right medial orbitofrontal cortex as compared with healthy controls. Schizophrenia patients had thinner cortices in the left precentral and paracentral gyri than those with Schizotypal Disorder. Common cortical thinning patterns observed in schizophrenia and Schizotypal Disorder patients may be associated with vulnerability to psychosis. Our results also suggest that distinct cortical changes in schizophrenia and Schizotypal Disorder may be associated with the differences in the manifestation of clinical symptoms among these Disorders.
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Increased brain gyrification in the schizophrenia spectrum.
Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2019Co-Authors: Daiki Sasabayashi, Yumiko Nishikawa, Mihoko Nakamura, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Tsutomu Takahashi, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Aim Increased brain gyrification in diverse cortical regions has been reported in patients with schizophrenia, possibly reflecting deviations in early neurodevelopment. However, it remains unknown whether patients with Schizotypal Disorder exhibit similar changes. Methods This magnetic resonance imaging study investigated brain gyrification in 46 patients with Schizotypal Disorder (29 male, 17 female), 101 patients with schizophrenia (55 male, 46 female), and 77 healthy controls (44 male, 33 female). T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained for each participant. Using FreeSurfer software, the local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was compared across the groups. Results Both schizophrenia and Schizotypal Disorder patients showed a significantly higher LGI in diverse cortical regions, including the bilateral prefrontal and left parietal cortices, as compared with controls, but its extent was broader in schizophrenia especially for the right prefrontal and left occipital regions. No significant correlations were found between the LGI and clinical variables (e.g., symptom severity, medication) for either of the patient groups. Conclusion Increased LGI in the frontoparietal regions was common to both patient groups and might represent vulnerability to schizophrenia, while more diverse changes in schizophrenia patients might be associated with the manifestation of florid psychosis.
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Decreased number of orbital sulci in schizophrenia spectrum Disorders.
Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging, 2016Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Daiki Sasabayashi, Yumiko Nishikawa, Mihoko Nakamura, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Michio SuzukiAbstract:An altered orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern has been reported in the schizophrenia-spectrum, but it remains unknown whether they also have differences in the number of intermediate and posterior orbital sulci compared with healthy subjects. This magnetic resonance imaging study investigated the number of these sulci in 102 schizophrenia patients, 47 Schizotypal Disorder patients, and 84 controls. Both patient groups had a significantly lower number of both sulci bilaterally compared with controls, which was weakly associated with the severity of negative symptoms. Our results may reflect the neurodevelopmental pathology related to vulnerability to psychosis.
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orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern and olfactory sulcus depth in the schizophrenia spectrum
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Yumiko Nishikawa, Daiki Sasabayashi, Mihoko Nakamura, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Morphological changes in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), such as an altered sulcogyral pattern of the ‘H-shaped’ orbital sulcus and a shallow olfactory sulcus, have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, possibly reflecting deviations in early neurodevelopment. However, it remains unclear whether patients with Schizotypal features exhibit similar OFC changes. This magnetic resonance imaging study examined the OFC sulcogyral pattern (Types I, II, III, and IV) and olfactory sulcus morphology in 102 patients with schizophrenia, 47 patients with Schizotypal Disorder, and 84 healthy controls. The OFC sulcogyral pattern distribution between the groups was significantly different on the right hemisphere, with the schizophrenia patients showing a decrease in Type I (vs controls and Schizotypal patients) and an increase in Type III (vs controls) expression. However, the Schizotypal patients and controls did not differ in the OFC pattern. There were significant group differences in the olfactory sulcus depth bilaterally (schizophrenia patients < Schizotypal patients < controls). Our findings suggest that Schizotypal Disorder, a milder form of schizophrenia spectrum Disorders, partly shares the OFC changes (i.e., altered depth of the olfactory sulcus) with schizophrenia, possibly reflecting a common disease vulnerability. However, altered distribution of the OFC pattern specific to schizophrenia may at least partly reflect neurodevelopmental pathology related to a greater susceptibility to overt psychosis.
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Orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern and olfactory sulcus depth in the schizophrenia spectrum
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Yumiko Nishikawa, Daiki Sasabayashi, Mihoko Nakamura, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Tsutomu Takahashi, Michio SuzukiAbstract:Morphological changes in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), such as an altered sulcogyral pattern of the ‘H-shaped’ orbital sulcus and a shallow olfactory sulcus, have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, possibly reflecting deviations in early neurodevelopment. However, it remains unclear whether patients with Schizotypal features exhibit similar OFC changes. This magnetic resonance imaging study examined the OFC sulcogyral pattern (Types I, II, III, and IV) and olfactory sulcus morphology in 102 patients with schizophrenia, 47 patients with Schizotypal Disorder, and 84 healthy controls. The OFC sulcogyral pattern distribution between the groups was significantly different on the right hemisphere, with the schizophrenia patients showing a decrease in Type I (vs controls and Schizotypal patients) and an increase in Type III (vs controls) expression. However, the Schizotypal patients and controls did not differ in the OFC pattern. There were significant group differences in the olfactory sulcus depth bilaterally (schizophrenia patients
Shi-yu Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A follow-up MRI study of the fusiform gyrus and middle and inferior temporal gyri in schizophrenia spectrum.
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 2011Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Ryoichiro Tanino, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Kazue Nakamura, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Hikaru Seto, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:Abstract While longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated progressive gray matter reduction of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) during the early phases of schizophrenia, it remains largely unknown whether other temporal lobe structures also exhibit similar progressive changes and whether these changes, if present, are specific to schizophrenia among the spectrum Disorders. In this longitudinal MRI study, the gray matter volumes of the fusiform, middle temporal, and inferior temporal gyri were measured at baseline and follow-up scans (mean inter-scan interval = 2.7 years) in 18 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 13 patients with Schizotypal Disorder, and 20 healthy controls. Both schizophrenia and Schizotypal patients had a smaller fusiform gyrus than controls bilaterally at both time points, whereas no group difference was found in the middle and inferior temporal gyri. In the longitudinal comparison, the schizophrenia patients showed significant fusiform gyrus reduction (left, − 2.6%/year; right, − 2.3%/year) compared with Schizotypal patients (left: − 0.4%/year; right: − 0.2%/year) and controls (left: 0.1%/year; right: 0.0%/year). However, the middle and inferior temporal gyri did not exhibit significant progressive gray matter change in all diagnostic groups. In the schizophrenia patients, a higher cumulative dose of antipsychotics during follow-up was significantly correlated with less severe gray matter reduction in the left fusiform gyrus. The annual gray matter loss of the fusiform gyrus did not correlate with that of the STG previously reported in the same subjects. Our findings suggest regional specificity of the progressive gray matter reduction in the temporal lobe structures, which might be specific to overt schizophrenia within the schizophrenia spectrum.
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Longitudinal volume changes of the pituitary gland in patients with Schizotypal Disorder and first-episode schizophrenia
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2010Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Ryoichiro Tanino, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Kazue Nakamura, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Hikaru Seto, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:Abstract An enlarged volume of the pituitary gland has been reported in the schizophrenia spectrum, possibly reflecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) hyperactivity. However, it remains largely unknown whether the pituitary size longitudinally changes in the course of the spectrum Disorders. In the present study, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were obtained from 18 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 13 patients with Schizotypal Disorder, and 20 healthy controls. The pituitary volume was measured at baseline and follow-up (mean, 2.7 years) scans and was compared across groups. The pituitary volume was larger in the schizophrenia patients than controls at baseline, and both patient groups had significantly larger pituitary volume than controls at follow-up. In a longitudinal comparison, both schizophrenia (3.6%/year) and Schizotypal (2.7%/year) patients showed significant pituitary enlargement compared with controls (− 1.8%/year). In the schizophrenia patients, greater pituitary enlargement over time was associated with less improvement of delusions and higher scores for thought Disorders at the follow-up. These findings suggest that the pituitary gland exhibits ongoing volume changes during the early course of the schizophrenia spectrum as a possible marker of state-related impairments.
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A follow-up MRI study of the superior temporal subregions in Schizotypal Disorder and first-episode schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia research, 2010Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Ryoichiro Tanino, Kazue Nakamura, Michio Suzuki, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Hikaru Seto, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:While longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated progressive gray matter reduction of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) during the early phases of schizophrenia, it remains unknown whether patients with Schizotypal features exhibit similar STG changes. In this study, longitudinal MRI data were obtained from 18 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 13 patients with Schizotypal Disorder, and 20 healthy controls. The volumes of the STG and its subregions [planum polare (PP), Heschl gyrus (HG), planum temporale (PT), rostral STG, and caudal STG] were measured on baseline and follow-up (mean: 2.7 years) scans and were compared across groups. At the baseline, both the schizophrenia and Schizotypal patients had smaller left PT and left caudal STG than the controls. In a longitudinal comparison, the schizophrenia patients showed significant gray matter reduction of the STG over time (left: -2.8%/year; right: -1.5%/year) compared with the Schizotypal patients (left: -0.6%/year; right: -0.3%/year) and controls (left: 0.0%/year; right: -0.1%/year) without a prominent effect of subregion or type of antipsychotic (typical/atypical). In the schizophrenia patients, greater annual volume reductions of the left PP and right PT were correlated with less improvement of positive psychotic symptoms. A higher cumulative dose of antipsychotics during follow-up in schizophrenia was significantly correlated with less severe gray matter reductions in the left PT and bilateral caudal STG. Our findings suggest that the left posterior STG subregions are commonly reduced in diseases of the schizophrenia spectrum; whereas, schizophrenia patients exhibit further progressive STG changes associated with overt psychosis in the early years of the illness.
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Increased pituitary volume in schizophrenia spectrum Disorders.
Schizophrenia research, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Kazue Nakamura, Michio Suzuki, Hikaru Seto, Masayoshi Kurachi, Dennis Velakoulis, Valentina Lorenzetti, Bridget Soulsby, Christos PantelisAbstract:While hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity has been implicated in psychotic Disorders, previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the pituitary gland volume in schizophrenia have yielded controversial results. It is also unknown whether patients with schizophrenia spectrum such as Schizotypal Disorder exhibit pituitary volume changes. In this study, we investigated the pituitary volume using MRI in 47 Schizotypal Disorder patients (29 males, mean age=25.0 years), 72 schizophrenia patients (38 males, mean age=26.2 years), and 81 age and gender matched healthy controls (46 males, mean age=24.5 years). Both patient groups had a larger pituitary volume compared with controls, but no difference was found between the schizophrenia and Schizotypal patients. The pituitary volume was larger in females than in males for all diagnostic groups. There was no association between the pituitary volume and type (typical versus atypical), daily dosage, or duration of antipsychotic medication in either patient group. These findings are consistent with a stress-diathesis model of schizophrenia and further suggest that the Schizotypal patients share HPA axis hyperactivity with young established schizophrenia patients reflecting a common vulnerability to stress within the schizophrenia spectrum.
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Prevalence and length of the adhesio interthalamica in schizophrenia spectrum Disorders.
Psychiatry research, 2008Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Ryoichiro Tanino, Kazue Nakamura, Michio Suzuki, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Hikaru Seto, Marc L. Seal, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the prevalence and length of the adhesio interthalamica (AI) in 72 schizophrenia patients, 47 Schizotypal Disorder patients, and 81 healthy controls. The AI was more often absent and shorter in both Disorders than in controls, possibly reflecting common neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the schizophrenia spectrum.
Hikaru Seto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A follow-up MRI study of the fusiform gyrus and middle and inferior temporal gyri in schizophrenia spectrum.
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 2011Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Ryoichiro Tanino, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Kazue Nakamura, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Hikaru Seto, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:Abstract While longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated progressive gray matter reduction of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) during the early phases of schizophrenia, it remains largely unknown whether other temporal lobe structures also exhibit similar progressive changes and whether these changes, if present, are specific to schizophrenia among the spectrum Disorders. In this longitudinal MRI study, the gray matter volumes of the fusiform, middle temporal, and inferior temporal gyri were measured at baseline and follow-up scans (mean inter-scan interval = 2.7 years) in 18 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 13 patients with Schizotypal Disorder, and 20 healthy controls. Both schizophrenia and Schizotypal patients had a smaller fusiform gyrus than controls bilaterally at both time points, whereas no group difference was found in the middle and inferior temporal gyri. In the longitudinal comparison, the schizophrenia patients showed significant fusiform gyrus reduction (left, − 2.6%/year; right, − 2.3%/year) compared with Schizotypal patients (left: − 0.4%/year; right: − 0.2%/year) and controls (left: 0.1%/year; right: 0.0%/year). However, the middle and inferior temporal gyri did not exhibit significant progressive gray matter change in all diagnostic groups. In the schizophrenia patients, a higher cumulative dose of antipsychotics during follow-up was significantly correlated with less severe gray matter reduction in the left fusiform gyrus. The annual gray matter loss of the fusiform gyrus did not correlate with that of the STG previously reported in the same subjects. Our findings suggest regional specificity of the progressive gray matter reduction in the temporal lobe structures, which might be specific to overt schizophrenia within the schizophrenia spectrum.
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Longitudinal volume changes of the pituitary gland in patients with Schizotypal Disorder and first-episode schizophrenia
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2010Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Ryoichiro Tanino, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Kazue Nakamura, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Hikaru Seto, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:Abstract An enlarged volume of the pituitary gland has been reported in the schizophrenia spectrum, possibly reflecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) hyperactivity. However, it remains largely unknown whether the pituitary size longitudinally changes in the course of the spectrum Disorders. In the present study, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were obtained from 18 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 13 patients with Schizotypal Disorder, and 20 healthy controls. The pituitary volume was measured at baseline and follow-up (mean, 2.7 years) scans and was compared across groups. The pituitary volume was larger in the schizophrenia patients than controls at baseline, and both patient groups had significantly larger pituitary volume than controls at follow-up. In a longitudinal comparison, both schizophrenia (3.6%/year) and Schizotypal (2.7%/year) patients showed significant pituitary enlargement compared with controls (− 1.8%/year). In the schizophrenia patients, greater pituitary enlargement over time was associated with less improvement of delusions and higher scores for thought Disorders at the follow-up. These findings suggest that the pituitary gland exhibits ongoing volume changes during the early course of the schizophrenia spectrum as a possible marker of state-related impairments.
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A follow-up MRI study of the superior temporal subregions in Schizotypal Disorder and first-episode schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia research, 2010Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Ryoichiro Tanino, Kazue Nakamura, Michio Suzuki, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Hikaru Seto, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:While longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated progressive gray matter reduction of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) during the early phases of schizophrenia, it remains unknown whether patients with Schizotypal features exhibit similar STG changes. In this study, longitudinal MRI data were obtained from 18 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 13 patients with Schizotypal Disorder, and 20 healthy controls. The volumes of the STG and its subregions [planum polare (PP), Heschl gyrus (HG), planum temporale (PT), rostral STG, and caudal STG] were measured on baseline and follow-up (mean: 2.7 years) scans and were compared across groups. At the baseline, both the schizophrenia and Schizotypal patients had smaller left PT and left caudal STG than the controls. In a longitudinal comparison, the schizophrenia patients showed significant gray matter reduction of the STG over time (left: -2.8%/year; right: -1.5%/year) compared with the Schizotypal patients (left: -0.6%/year; right: -0.3%/year) and controls (left: 0.0%/year; right: -0.1%/year) without a prominent effect of subregion or type of antipsychotic (typical/atypical). In the schizophrenia patients, greater annual volume reductions of the left PP and right PT were correlated with less improvement of positive psychotic symptoms. A higher cumulative dose of antipsychotics during follow-up in schizophrenia was significantly correlated with less severe gray matter reductions in the left PT and bilateral caudal STG. Our findings suggest that the left posterior STG subregions are commonly reduced in diseases of the schizophrenia spectrum; whereas, schizophrenia patients exhibit further progressive STG changes associated with overt psychosis in the early years of the illness.
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Increased pituitary volume in schizophrenia spectrum Disorders.
Schizophrenia research, 2009Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Kazue Nakamura, Michio Suzuki, Hikaru Seto, Masayoshi Kurachi, Dennis Velakoulis, Valentina Lorenzetti, Bridget Soulsby, Christos PantelisAbstract:While hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity has been implicated in psychotic Disorders, previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the pituitary gland volume in schizophrenia have yielded controversial results. It is also unknown whether patients with schizophrenia spectrum such as Schizotypal Disorder exhibit pituitary volume changes. In this study, we investigated the pituitary volume using MRI in 47 Schizotypal Disorder patients (29 males, mean age=25.0 years), 72 schizophrenia patients (38 males, mean age=26.2 years), and 81 age and gender matched healthy controls (46 males, mean age=24.5 years). Both patient groups had a larger pituitary volume compared with controls, but no difference was found between the schizophrenia and Schizotypal patients. The pituitary volume was larger in females than in males for all diagnostic groups. There was no association between the pituitary volume and type (typical versus atypical), daily dosage, or duration of antipsychotic medication in either patient group. These findings are consistent with a stress-diathesis model of schizophrenia and further suggest that the Schizotypal patients share HPA axis hyperactivity with young established schizophrenia patients reflecting a common vulnerability to stress within the schizophrenia spectrum.
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Prevalence and length of the adhesio interthalamica in schizophrenia spectrum Disorders.
Psychiatry research, 2008Co-Authors: Tsutomu Takahashi, Shi-yu Zhou, Ryoichiro Tanino, Kazue Nakamura, Michio Suzuki, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Hikaru Seto, Marc L. Seal, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the prevalence and length of the adhesio interthalamica (AI) in 72 schizophrenia patients, 47 Schizotypal Disorder patients, and 81 healthy controls. The AI was more often absent and shorter in both Disorders than in controls, possibly reflecting common neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the schizophrenia spectrum.
