Scirtothrips

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Laurence A. Mound - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Mark S. Hoddle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Scirtothrips perseae species-group (Thysanoptera), with one new species from avocado, Persea americana
    Zootaxa, 2016
    Co-Authors: Laurence A. Mound, Mark S. Hoddle
    Abstract:

    Following recent molecular studies on avocado thrips, a new species is described from Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Colombia from the young leaves of avocado, Persea americana. Scirtothrips hansoni sp.n. is closely related to the Californian pest, S. perseae, and also to S. astrictus from Costa Rica that remains known from a single female. An illustrated key to these three species is provided.

  • Avocado thrips: New
    2015
    Co-Authors: Mark S. Hoddle
    Abstract:

    challenge for growers Avocado thrips arrived in California in 1996. Since then, we have made substantial progress in our understanding of this pest. We now know the area of origin of the avocado thrips and have compiled an inventory of other potential pest thrips species on avocados in Mexico and Central America. Trials have helped us to identify several selective insecticides for use in treating avocado thrips in orchards. We have also determined the relationship between thrips densities on leaves and fruit scarring, and are studying cultural and biological control practices for use in an evolving integrated pest management (IPM) program. tific name, Scirtothrips perseae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)(Nakahara 1997). The recommended common name is avocado thrips. Morphologi-cal comparisons have determined that avocado thrips is more closely related to Scirtothrips species in Central America than to Scirtothrips species (for example, citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri) in North America. Furthermore, in 1971, undescribed specimens of Scirtothrips were found on smuggled avocados from Oaxaca, Mexico, at the Port of San Diego. These speci-mens, morphologically very similar to S. perseae, are considered to be the same species. Avocado thrips are small, slender, yellow-colored insects that are about one-sixteenth inch in length. Adults are winged but are poor fliers, and fe-males lay eggs inside immature leaves and fruit about 1 to 2 inches long. Thrips larvae and adults can build up to such high densities on young leaves during the spring that subsequent feeding damage can cause premature leaf drop. The main source of eco-nomic loss attributable to avocado thrips is scarring of immature fruit in late spring by larvae and adults. Scar-ring can be severe enough to render the entire fruit surface brown, and

  • relationships among species of Scirtothrips thysanoptera thripidae thripinae using molecular and morphological data
    Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2008
    Co-Authors: Mark S. Hoddle, Laurence A. Mound, Paul F Rugmanjones, John M Heraty, Richard Stouthamer
    Abstract:

    Results of analyses of molecular sequence (COI, 28S-D2) and morphology (21 character states) data, both alone and combined, were used to determine relationships between 18 species of Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae, Thripinae). Two species of Neohydatothrips from Panama were used as the outgroup. Five major pest Scirtothrips were included in these analyses: S. aurantii, S. citri, S. dorsalis, S. kenyensis, and S. perseae. Trees generated from a parsimony analysis of molecular data and Bayesian analysis of molecular and morphology data combined showed high levels of congruence. The morphology-only tree had several differences in species groupings when compared with trees derived using molecular data. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses using molecular data indicated that Scirtothrips species associated with avocados were monophyletic, a result not observed with morphological analyses. No support was found for a monophyletic S. dorsalis clade when sampled from six different countries. The S. dorsalis complex may be comprised of at least three separable groups identifiable at the molecular level, but indistinguishable morphologically. The implications of this finding for S. dorsalis, a thrips pest of global significance with high invasion potential, are discussed.

  • synonomy of five Scirtothrips species thysanoptera thripidae described from avocados persea americana in mexico
    Florida Entomologist, 2008
    Co-Authors: Mark S. Hoddle, Laurence A. Mound, Paul F Rugmanjones, Richard Stouthamer
    Abstract:

    Abstract The holotypes of Scirtothrips aguacatae, S. kupandae, S. manihotifloris, S. tacambarensis, and S. uruapaniensis were examined and compared with specimens of Scirtothrips perseae from Mexico, Guatemala, and California. The chaetotaxy of the pronotum and head of each of these 5 holotypes was found to fall within the range observed on specimens identified as S. perseae based DNA analyses and subsequent slide mounting and morphological examination of the body surface of specimens from which analyzed DNA was extracted. As a result of morphological examination and complementary DNA analyses, these 5 species are considered synonyms of S. perseae. This synonomy should reduce potential quarantine disputes over avocado imports from Mexico that could arise from concerns raised over the large number of Scirtothrips species previously considered as pests of avocados in Mexico that might inadvertently accompany imports.

  • molecular identification key for pest species of Scirtothrips thysanoptera thripidae
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Paul F Rugmanjones, Mark S. Hoddle, Laurence Mound, Richard Stouthamer
    Abstract:

    Effective plant quarantine and biological control initiatives require rapid and accurate identification of exotic and potentially invasive taxa that may cause high economic losses or environmental damage. The genus Scirtothrips Shull includes several species that are serious agricultural pests, and, because of their minute size and cryptic behavior, prone to undetected transport through international trade of plant material. Although assigning specimens to the genus Scirtothrips is straightforward using traditional taxonomic methods, identification of species is much more difficult and requires expert knowledge of the genus. Furthermore, the validity of some Scirtothrips species is questionable. Therefore, an easy, accurate, and highly reliable technique is desirable for Scirtothrips identification. Here, we provide a simple molecular key based on the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Individual specimens can be identified by amplification of their ITS1 and ITS2 regions with general primers and determining the size of the products by using standard agarose gel electrophoresis, followed in some instances by DNA digestion with the restriction enzymes SacII or PspOM I. The advantage of this identification system is that nonspecialists are able to quickly and cheaply identify individual specimens. Material analyzed for this work was collected in the United States (California), India, South Africa, Kenya, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Australia, New Zealand and Raiatea (Society Islands French Polynesia). We have identified seven pest species with the molecular-based methods described here. It is hoped that this system can be extended to other members of the genus as their ITS1 and ITS2 sequences become available. We also provide molecular confirmation for two new Scirtothrips species, one species from Honduras and one species from New Zealand.

V. Muniyappa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • transmission of peanut yellow spot virus pysv by thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis hood in groundnut
    Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 2010
    Co-Authors: K. Gopal, D.v.r. Reddy, Krishna M Reddy, V. Muniyappa
    Abstract:

    Peanut yellow spot virus (PYSV) was efficiently transmitted by Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood in groundnut. Larvae could acquire the virus in 30 min and the maximum percentage transmission of 43.8% by individual insects resulted following two days AAP. Single adult Thrip transmitted the virus after minimum IAP of 30 minutes. The percentage transmission (33.3%) increased linearly with an increase in IAP up to 1.5 days and maximum up to 55 h of IAP (36.1%). PYSV persistently transmitted more than 75% of their life span.

  • Transmission of peanut yellow spot virus (PYSV) by Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood in groundnut †
    Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 2010
    Co-Authors: K. Gopal, M. Krishna Reddy, D.v.r. Reddy, V. Muniyappa
    Abstract:

    Peanut yellow spot virus (PYSV) was efficiently transmitted by Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood in groundnut. Larvae could acquire the virus in 30 min and the maximum percentage transmission of 43.8% by individual insects resulted following two days AAP. Single adult Thrip transmitted the virus after minimum IAP of 30 minutes. The percentage transmission (33.3%) increased linearly with an increase in IAP up to 1.5 days and maximum up to 55 h of IAP (36.1%). PYSV persistently transmitted more than 75% of their life span.

Richard Stouthamer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • relationships among species of Scirtothrips thysanoptera thripidae thripinae using molecular and morphological data
    Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2008
    Co-Authors: Mark S. Hoddle, Laurence A. Mound, Paul F Rugmanjones, John M Heraty, Richard Stouthamer
    Abstract:

    Results of analyses of molecular sequence (COI, 28S-D2) and morphology (21 character states) data, both alone and combined, were used to determine relationships between 18 species of Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae, Thripinae). Two species of Neohydatothrips from Panama were used as the outgroup. Five major pest Scirtothrips were included in these analyses: S. aurantii, S. citri, S. dorsalis, S. kenyensis, and S. perseae. Trees generated from a parsimony analysis of molecular data and Bayesian analysis of molecular and morphology data combined showed high levels of congruence. The morphology-only tree had several differences in species groupings when compared with trees derived using molecular data. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses using molecular data indicated that Scirtothrips species associated with avocados were monophyletic, a result not observed with morphological analyses. No support was found for a monophyletic S. dorsalis clade when sampled from six different countries. The S. dorsalis complex may be comprised of at least three separable groups identifiable at the molecular level, but indistinguishable morphologically. The implications of this finding for S. dorsalis, a thrips pest of global significance with high invasion potential, are discussed.

  • synonomy of five Scirtothrips species thysanoptera thripidae described from avocados persea americana in mexico
    Florida Entomologist, 2008
    Co-Authors: Mark S. Hoddle, Laurence A. Mound, Paul F Rugmanjones, Richard Stouthamer
    Abstract:

    Abstract The holotypes of Scirtothrips aguacatae, S. kupandae, S. manihotifloris, S. tacambarensis, and S. uruapaniensis were examined and compared with specimens of Scirtothrips perseae from Mexico, Guatemala, and California. The chaetotaxy of the pronotum and head of each of these 5 holotypes was found to fall within the range observed on specimens identified as S. perseae based DNA analyses and subsequent slide mounting and morphological examination of the body surface of specimens from which analyzed DNA was extracted. As a result of morphological examination and complementary DNA analyses, these 5 species are considered synonyms of S. perseae. This synonomy should reduce potential quarantine disputes over avocado imports from Mexico that could arise from concerns raised over the large number of Scirtothrips species previously considered as pests of avocados in Mexico that might inadvertently accompany imports.

  • molecular identification key for pest species of Scirtothrips thysanoptera thripidae
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Paul F Rugmanjones, Mark S. Hoddle, Laurence Mound, Richard Stouthamer
    Abstract:

    Effective plant quarantine and biological control initiatives require rapid and accurate identification of exotic and potentially invasive taxa that may cause high economic losses or environmental damage. The genus Scirtothrips Shull includes several species that are serious agricultural pests, and, because of their minute size and cryptic behavior, prone to undetected transport through international trade of plant material. Although assigning specimens to the genus Scirtothrips is straightforward using traditional taxonomic methods, identification of species is much more difficult and requires expert knowledge of the genus. Furthermore, the validity of some Scirtothrips species is questionable. Therefore, an easy, accurate, and highly reliable technique is desirable for Scirtothrips identification. Here, we provide a simple molecular key based on the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Individual specimens can be identified by amplification of their ITS1 and ITS2 regions with general primers and determining the size of the products by using standard agarose gel electrophoresis, followed in some instances by DNA digestion with the restriction enzymes SacII or PspOM I. The advantage of this identification system is that nonspecialists are able to quickly and cheaply identify individual specimens. Material analyzed for this work was collected in the United States (California), India, South Africa, Kenya, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Australia, New Zealand and Raiatea (Society Islands French Polynesia). We have identified seven pest species with the molecular-based methods described here. It is hoped that this system can be extended to other members of the genus as their ITS1 and ITS2 sequences become available. We also provide molecular confirmation for two new Scirtothrips species, one species from Honduras and one species from New Zealand.

  • Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the avocado thrips Scirtothrips perseae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
    Molecular Ecology Notes, 2005
    Co-Authors: Paul F. Rugman-jones, Mark S. Hoddle, Andrew R. Weeks, Richard Stouthamer
    Abstract:

    The recent invasion of California by avocado thrips, Scirtothrips perseae , has had a serious economic impact on the Californian avocado industry. Here we report the isolation and characterization of six microsatellite loci for S. perseae , four of which were highly polymorphic (number of observed alleles ranged from three to 13 and expected heterozygosity from 0.31 to 0.87). These markers will be used to investigate the invasion history and route of entry into California of S. perseae . Three of the six loci successfully amplified in other Scirtothrips and Neohydatothrips species.

K. Gopal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • transmission of peanut yellow spot virus pysv by thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis hood in groundnut
    Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 2010
    Co-Authors: K. Gopal, D.v.r. Reddy, Krishna M Reddy, V. Muniyappa
    Abstract:

    Peanut yellow spot virus (PYSV) was efficiently transmitted by Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood in groundnut. Larvae could acquire the virus in 30 min and the maximum percentage transmission of 43.8% by individual insects resulted following two days AAP. Single adult Thrip transmitted the virus after minimum IAP of 30 minutes. The percentage transmission (33.3%) increased linearly with an increase in IAP up to 1.5 days and maximum up to 55 h of IAP (36.1%). PYSV persistently transmitted more than 75% of their life span.

  • Transmission of peanut yellow spot virus (PYSV) by Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood in groundnut †
    Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 2010
    Co-Authors: K. Gopal, M. Krishna Reddy, D.v.r. Reddy, V. Muniyappa
    Abstract:

    Peanut yellow spot virus (PYSV) was efficiently transmitted by Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood in groundnut. Larvae could acquire the virus in 30 min and the maximum percentage transmission of 43.8% by individual insects resulted following two days AAP. Single adult Thrip transmitted the virus after minimum IAP of 30 minutes. The percentage transmission (33.3%) increased linearly with an increase in IAP up to 1.5 days and maximum up to 55 h of IAP (36.1%). PYSV persistently transmitted more than 75% of their life span.