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Guoan Luo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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peg Scutellarin prodrugs synthesis water solubility and protective effect on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Changmei Cheng, Xinge Zhao, Ping Yang, Qingfei Liu, Yiming Wang, Guoan LuoAbstract:Abstract Fifteen PEG-Scutellarin prodrugs were synthesized by modifying carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups of Scutellarin with mPEG of different molecular weight (400–3000). The water solubility of prodrugs increased remarkably and reached the maximum value of 783.88 mg/mL (Scutellarin, 0.02 mg/mL). The anti-infarct effects of four PEG prodrugs with high water solubility were evaluated by Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) model. The results showed that the prodrug 7e could significantly reduce the infarct area from 27.2% to 12.2% (33.3% for the control) and decrease the neurological deficit score from 2.77 to 1.32 (2.85 for the control). The half-life (18.62 min) of the prodrug 7e was significantly longer than that of Scutellarin (3.03 min).
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metabolism profile of Scutellarin in urine following oral administration to rats by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry
Talanta, 2009Co-Authors: Qingfei Liu, Yun Shi, Yong Wang, Wenjuan Cong, Guoan Luo, Yiming WangAbstract:Scutellarin, a flavone glucuronide of 5,6,4′-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-glucoronide, is the main active component of the traditional Chinese botanic drug Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. In this study, a method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC/TOF MS) was established and validated to profile the metabolites of Scutellarin in Sprague-Dawley rat urine following oral administration of single dose of Scutellarin at 80.8 mg/kg. The column utilized was an Acquity BEH C18 (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase was 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile with gradient condition. Two standard curves of Scutellarin were obtained for the concentration range of 1.065–10.65 μg/mL and 10.65–63.92 μg/mL, respectively. By automating the data processing of the software Masslynx developed by Waters Ltd., 17 metabolites of Scutellarin were found and determined in rat urine, with the corresponding reactions in vivo such as isomerism, reduction, methylation, glucuronide conjugation, hydroxylation, hydroxylation and methylation, etc., most of which were discovered for the first time. For most metabolites, the time (Tp) of peak excretion was 8–12 h. Calculated as Scutellarin, the cumulative urine excretion rate of the metabolites was 1.93%.
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determination of Scutellarin in erigeron breviscapus extract by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Journal of Chromatography A, 2001Co-Authors: Yiming Wang, Guoan LuoAbstract:Abstract A quantitative assay for Scutellarin by LC–MS–MS (negative ion mode) was developed. The Scutellarin was extracted from dry Erigeron breviscapus. Significant ion suppression was observed, which could be eliminated by increasing the turboionspray interface temperature to 350°C and by 1000-fold dilution of the extract with solvent. The calibration curve of Scutellarin showed excellent linearity over a wide concentration range (0.01–100 μg/ml) (r=0.998), and the limit of detection was 15 pg/ml using a 10-μl injection volume. The analysis time was 4 min/sample.
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determination of Scutellarin in erigeron breviscapus extract by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Journal of Chromatography A, 2001Co-Authors: Yiming Wang, Guoan LuoAbstract:A quantitative assay for Scutellarin by LC-MS-MS (negative ion mode) was developed. The Scutellarin was extracted from dry Erigeron breviscapus. Significant ion suppression was observed, which could be eliminated by increasing the turboionspray interface temperature to 350 degrees C and by 1000-fold dilution of the extract with solvent. The calibration curve of Scutellarin showed excellent linearity over a wide concentration range (0.01-100 microg/ml) (r=0.998), and the limit of detection was 15 pg/ml using a 10-microl injection volume. The analysis time was 4 min/sample.
Yiming Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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peg Scutellarin prodrugs synthesis water solubility and protective effect on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Changmei Cheng, Xinge Zhao, Ping Yang, Qingfei Liu, Yiming Wang, Guoan LuoAbstract:Abstract Fifteen PEG-Scutellarin prodrugs were synthesized by modifying carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups of Scutellarin with mPEG of different molecular weight (400–3000). The water solubility of prodrugs increased remarkably and reached the maximum value of 783.88 mg/mL (Scutellarin, 0.02 mg/mL). The anti-infarct effects of four PEG prodrugs with high water solubility were evaluated by Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) model. The results showed that the prodrug 7e could significantly reduce the infarct area from 27.2% to 12.2% (33.3% for the control) and decrease the neurological deficit score from 2.77 to 1.32 (2.85 for the control). The half-life (18.62 min) of the prodrug 7e was significantly longer than that of Scutellarin (3.03 min).
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metabolism profile of Scutellarin in urine following oral administration to rats by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry
Talanta, 2009Co-Authors: Qingfei Liu, Yun Shi, Yong Wang, Wenjuan Cong, Guoan Luo, Yiming WangAbstract:Scutellarin, a flavone glucuronide of 5,6,4′-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-glucoronide, is the main active component of the traditional Chinese botanic drug Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. In this study, a method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC/TOF MS) was established and validated to profile the metabolites of Scutellarin in Sprague-Dawley rat urine following oral administration of single dose of Scutellarin at 80.8 mg/kg. The column utilized was an Acquity BEH C18 (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase was 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile with gradient condition. Two standard curves of Scutellarin were obtained for the concentration range of 1.065–10.65 μg/mL and 10.65–63.92 μg/mL, respectively. By automating the data processing of the software Masslynx developed by Waters Ltd., 17 metabolites of Scutellarin were found and determined in rat urine, with the corresponding reactions in vivo such as isomerism, reduction, methylation, glucuronide conjugation, hydroxylation, hydroxylation and methylation, etc., most of which were discovered for the first time. For most metabolites, the time (Tp) of peak excretion was 8–12 h. Calculated as Scutellarin, the cumulative urine excretion rate of the metabolites was 1.93%.
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determination of Scutellarin in erigeron breviscapus extract by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Journal of Chromatography A, 2001Co-Authors: Yiming Wang, Guoan LuoAbstract:Abstract A quantitative assay for Scutellarin by LC–MS–MS (negative ion mode) was developed. The Scutellarin was extracted from dry Erigeron breviscapus. Significant ion suppression was observed, which could be eliminated by increasing the turboionspray interface temperature to 350°C and by 1000-fold dilution of the extract with solvent. The calibration curve of Scutellarin showed excellent linearity over a wide concentration range (0.01–100 μg/ml) (r=0.998), and the limit of detection was 15 pg/ml using a 10-μl injection volume. The analysis time was 4 min/sample.
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determination of Scutellarin in erigeron breviscapus extract by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Journal of Chromatography A, 2001Co-Authors: Yiming Wang, Guoan LuoAbstract:A quantitative assay for Scutellarin by LC-MS-MS (negative ion mode) was developed. The Scutellarin was extracted from dry Erigeron breviscapus. Significant ion suppression was observed, which could be eliminated by increasing the turboionspray interface temperature to 350 degrees C and by 1000-fold dilution of the extract with solvent. The calibration curve of Scutellarin showed excellent linearity over a wide concentration range (0.01-100 microg/ml) (r=0.998), and the limit of detection was 15 pg/ml using a 10-microl injection volume. The analysis time was 4 min/sample.
Ming Fang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scutellarin promotes microglia mediated astrogliosis coupled with improved behavioral function in cerebral ischemia
Neurochemistry International, 2016Co-Authors: Ming Fang, Yun Yuan, Min Zhao, Engang LingAbstract:Scutellarin, an anti-inflammatory agent, has been reported to suppress microglia activation. It promotes astrocytic reaction but through activated microglia. Here we sought to determine more specifically the outcomes of Scutellarin treatment in reactive astrocytes in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). GFAP, MAP-2 and PSD-95 expression was assessed in reactive astrocytes in Scutellarin injected MCAO rats. Expression of BDNF, NT-3 and IGF-1, and cell cycle markers cyclin-D1/B1 was also evaluated. In vitro, the above-mentioned proteins were also investigated in TNC 1 and primary astrocytes, treated respectively with conditioned medium from BV-2 microglia with or without pretreatment of Scutellarin and lipopolysaccharide. Behavioral study was conducted to ascertain if Scutellarin would improve the neurological functions of MCAO rats. In MCAO, reactive astrocytes in the penumbral areas were hypertrophic bearing long extending processes; expression of all the above-mentioned markers was markedly augmented. When compared to the controls, TNC1/primary astrocytes responded vigorously to conditioned medium derived from BV-2 microglia treated with Scutellarin + lipopolysaccharide as shown by enhanced expression of all the above markers by Western and immunofluorescence analysis. By electron microscopy, hypertrophic TNC1 astrocytes in this group showed abundant microfilaments admixed with microtubules. In MCAO rats given Scutellarin treatment, neurological scores were significantly improved coupled with a marked decrease in infarct size when compared with the matching controls. It is concluded that Scutellarin is neuroprotective and that it can amplify astrogliosis but through activated microglia. Scutellarin facilitates tissue remodeling in MCAO that maybe linked to improvement of neurological functions.
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Scutellarin regulates microglia mediated tnc1 astrocytic reaction and astrogliosis in cerebral ischemia in the adult rats
BMC Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Ming Fang, Yun Yuan, Parakalan Rangarajan, Huadong Wang, Engang LingAbstract:Abstract Background Scutellarin, an anti-inflammatory agent, effectively suppressed microglia activation in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Robust microglia activation, acute in onset, was followed by astrogliosis. This study was aimed to determine if Scutellarin would also affect the reactive astrocytes that play an important role in tissue repair. Expression of GFAP and Notch-1 and its members: Notch receptor intracellular domain (NICD), and transcription factor hairy and enhancer of split-1 (HES-1), together with nestin and proinflammatory mediators was assessed by immunofluorescence staining in TNC1 astrocytes treated, respectively, with BV-2 conditioned medium (CM) and CM + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (CM + L) serving as the controls, and conditioned medium derived from LPS-activated BV-2 cells pretreated with Scutellarin (CM + SL). Study of the above biomarkers was then extended to reactive astrocytes in Scutellarin injected MCAO rats. Results TNC1 astrocytes remained relatively unreactive in terms of expression of different biomarkers to direct Scutellarin treatment when compared with the control cells. In comparison to cells in the control medium (CM, CM + L), they responded vigorously to CM + SL as evidenced by the enhanced protein expression of GFAP, Notch-1, NICD and HES-1 coupled with that of nestin, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS by Western and immunofluorescence analysis. Electron microscopy showed marked hypertrophy and cell expansion of TNC1 astrocytes bearing many filamentous processes indicative of enhanced astrocyte reaction when treated with CM + SL. In MCAO rats, Scutellarin also augmented the expression of the above markers in reactive astrocytes; moreover, astrocytes were evidently hypertrophic. Conclusions The results suggest that Scutellarin regulates astrogliosis; more importantly, it is microglia-mediated as demonstrated in vitro. Increased expression of Notch signaling in synchrony with nestin may be linked to proliferation and “de-differentiation” of reactive astrocytes; the significance of enhanced TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS expression in reactive astrocytes by Scutellarin may be neuroprotective but this remains speculative.
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Scutellarin regulates microglia mediated tnc1 astrocytic reaction and astrogliosis in cerebral ischemia in the adult rats
BMC Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Ming Fang, Yun Yuan, Parakalan Rangarajan, Huadong Wang, Engang LingAbstract:Scutellarin, an anti-inflammatory agent, effectively suppressed microglia activation in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Robust microglia activation, acute in onset, was followed by astrogliosis. This study was aimed to determine if Scutellarin would also affect the reactive astrocytes that play an important role in tissue repair. Expression of GFAP and Notch-1 and its members: Notch receptor intracellular domain (NICD), and transcription factor hairy and enhancer of split-1 (HES-1), together with nestin and proinflammatory mediators was assessed by immunofluorescence staining in TNC1 astrocytes treated, respectively, with BV-2 conditioned medium (CM) and CM + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (CM + L) serving as the controls, and conditioned medium derived from LPS-activated BV-2 cells pretreated with Scutellarin (CM + SL). Study of the above biomarkers was then extended to reactive astrocytes in Scutellarin injected MCAO rats. TNC1 astrocytes remained relatively unreactive in terms of expression of different biomarkers to direct Scutellarin treatment when compared with the control cells. In comparison to cells in the control medium (CM, CM + L), they responded vigorously to CM + SL as evidenced by the enhanced protein expression of GFAP, Notch-1, NICD and HES-1 coupled with that of nestin, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS by Western and immunofluorescence analysis. Electron microscopy showed marked hypertrophy and cell expansion of TNC1 astrocytes bearing many filamentous processes indicative of enhanced astrocyte reaction when treated with CM + SL. In MCAO rats, Scutellarin also augmented the expression of the above markers in reactive astrocytes; moreover, astrocytes were evidently hypertrophic. The results suggest that Scutellarin regulates astrogliosis; more importantly, it is microglia-mediated as demonstrated in vitro. Increased expression of Notch signaling in synchrony with nestin may be linked to proliferation and “de-differentiation” of reactive astrocytes; the significance of enhanced TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS expression in reactive astrocytes by Scutellarin may be neuroprotective but this remains speculative.
Wenwu Cao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potentiation of Scutellarin on human tongue carcinoma xenograft by low-intensity ultrasound. PLoS One 2013
2016Co-Authors: Haixia Fan, Jinhua Zheng, Zhu Wang, Wenwu CaoAbstract:Scutellarin 7-O-b-D-glucuronide (Scutellarin) has shown great potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment, but only at high dosage. Here we investigate the possibility of using low intensity ultrasound to reduce the Scutellarin dosage. Ultrasound intensities of 1.0 W/cm2 and 0.05 W/cm2 were used for in vivo and in vitro experiments, respectively, and a very low dosage of Scutellarin (15 nM) was used. Tumor-bearing Balb/c mice and SAS human-tongue squamous carcinoma cell suspensions were used for the in vivo and in vitro experiments, respectively. Each kind of subjects was divided into control, ultrasound-alone, Scutellarin-alone, and combined ultrasound-Scutellarin treatment groups. Only the combined treatment showed strong anticancer effects. In the in vivo case, the combined treatment significantly delayed tumor growth, initiated cellular chromatin changes (including a decrease in the number of cytoplasmic organelles and fragmentation of condensed nuclear chromatin), inhibited tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, stopped cancer-cell proliferation, decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels and caused cancer-cell apoptosis. In the in vitro case, the combined treatment produced cancer cell-shape irregularity in a manner seriously fractured microvilli, inhibited cancer-cell migratory and invasion activities, and induced cancer-cell apoptosis. Because the combined treatment did not increase intracellular ROS production, Scutellarin is not a sonosensitizer so that the anticancer effect is not through sonodynamic therapy. Low-intensity ultrasound is merely increasing the permeability of Scutellarin into cancer cells. Based on our results
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potentiation of Scutellarin on human tongue carcinoma xenograft by low intensity ultrasound
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Haixia Fan, Jinhua Zheng, Zhu Wang, Wenwu CaoAbstract:Scutellarin 7-O-β-d-glucuronide (Scutellarin) has shown great potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment, but only at high dosage. Here we investigate the possibility of using low intensity ultrasound to reduce the Scutellarin dosage. Ultrasound intensities of 1.0 W/cm2 and 0.05 W/cm2 were used for in vivo and in vitro experiments, respectively, and a very low dosage of Scutellarin (15 nM) was used. Tumor-bearing Balb/c mice and SAS human-tongue squamous carcinoma cell suspensions were used for the in vivo and in vitro experiments, respectively. Each kind of subjects was divided into control, ultrasound-alone, Scutellarin-alone, and combined ultrasound-Scutellarin treatment groups. Only the combined treatment showed strong anticancer effects. In the in vivo case, the combined treatment significantly delayed tumor growth, initiated cellular chromatin changes (including a decrease in the number of cytoplasmic organelles and fragmentation of condensed nuclear chromatin), inhibited tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, stopped cancer-cell proliferation, decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels and caused cancer-cell apoptosis. In the in vitro case, the combined treatment produced cancer cell-shape irregularity in a manner seriously fractured microvilli, inhibited cancer-cell migratory and invasion activities, and induced cancer-cell apoptosis. Because the combined treatment did not increase intracellular ROS production, Scutellarin is not a sonosensitizer so that the anticancer effect is not through sonodynamic therapy. Low-intensity ultrasound is merely increasing the permeability of Scutellarin into cancer cells. Based on our results, one may perform localized chemotherapy using much reduced dosage of the drug with the help of low intensity ultrasound, which will greatly minimize side effects.
Engang Ling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scutellarin promotes microglia mediated astrogliosis coupled with improved behavioral function in cerebral ischemia
Neurochemistry International, 2016Co-Authors: Ming Fang, Yun Yuan, Min Zhao, Engang LingAbstract:Scutellarin, an anti-inflammatory agent, has been reported to suppress microglia activation. It promotes astrocytic reaction but through activated microglia. Here we sought to determine more specifically the outcomes of Scutellarin treatment in reactive astrocytes in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). GFAP, MAP-2 and PSD-95 expression was assessed in reactive astrocytes in Scutellarin injected MCAO rats. Expression of BDNF, NT-3 and IGF-1, and cell cycle markers cyclin-D1/B1 was also evaluated. In vitro, the above-mentioned proteins were also investigated in TNC 1 and primary astrocytes, treated respectively with conditioned medium from BV-2 microglia with or without pretreatment of Scutellarin and lipopolysaccharide. Behavioral study was conducted to ascertain if Scutellarin would improve the neurological functions of MCAO rats. In MCAO, reactive astrocytes in the penumbral areas were hypertrophic bearing long extending processes; expression of all the above-mentioned markers was markedly augmented. When compared to the controls, TNC1/primary astrocytes responded vigorously to conditioned medium derived from BV-2 microglia treated with Scutellarin + lipopolysaccharide as shown by enhanced expression of all the above markers by Western and immunofluorescence analysis. By electron microscopy, hypertrophic TNC1 astrocytes in this group showed abundant microfilaments admixed with microtubules. In MCAO rats given Scutellarin treatment, neurological scores were significantly improved coupled with a marked decrease in infarct size when compared with the matching controls. It is concluded that Scutellarin is neuroprotective and that it can amplify astrogliosis but through activated microglia. Scutellarin facilitates tissue remodeling in MCAO that maybe linked to improvement of neurological functions.
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Scutellarin regulates microglia mediated tnc1 astrocytic reaction and astrogliosis in cerebral ischemia in the adult rats
BMC Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Ming Fang, Yun Yuan, Parakalan Rangarajan, Huadong Wang, Engang LingAbstract:Abstract Background Scutellarin, an anti-inflammatory agent, effectively suppressed microglia activation in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Robust microglia activation, acute in onset, was followed by astrogliosis. This study was aimed to determine if Scutellarin would also affect the reactive astrocytes that play an important role in tissue repair. Expression of GFAP and Notch-1 and its members: Notch receptor intracellular domain (NICD), and transcription factor hairy and enhancer of split-1 (HES-1), together with nestin and proinflammatory mediators was assessed by immunofluorescence staining in TNC1 astrocytes treated, respectively, with BV-2 conditioned medium (CM) and CM + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (CM + L) serving as the controls, and conditioned medium derived from LPS-activated BV-2 cells pretreated with Scutellarin (CM + SL). Study of the above biomarkers was then extended to reactive astrocytes in Scutellarin injected MCAO rats. Results TNC1 astrocytes remained relatively unreactive in terms of expression of different biomarkers to direct Scutellarin treatment when compared with the control cells. In comparison to cells in the control medium (CM, CM + L), they responded vigorously to CM + SL as evidenced by the enhanced protein expression of GFAP, Notch-1, NICD and HES-1 coupled with that of nestin, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS by Western and immunofluorescence analysis. Electron microscopy showed marked hypertrophy and cell expansion of TNC1 astrocytes bearing many filamentous processes indicative of enhanced astrocyte reaction when treated with CM + SL. In MCAO rats, Scutellarin also augmented the expression of the above markers in reactive astrocytes; moreover, astrocytes were evidently hypertrophic. Conclusions The results suggest that Scutellarin regulates astrogliosis; more importantly, it is microglia-mediated as demonstrated in vitro. Increased expression of Notch signaling in synchrony with nestin may be linked to proliferation and “de-differentiation” of reactive astrocytes; the significance of enhanced TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS expression in reactive astrocytes by Scutellarin may be neuroprotective but this remains speculative.
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Scutellarin regulates microglia mediated tnc1 astrocytic reaction and astrogliosis in cerebral ischemia in the adult rats
BMC Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Ming Fang, Yun Yuan, Parakalan Rangarajan, Huadong Wang, Engang LingAbstract:Scutellarin, an anti-inflammatory agent, effectively suppressed microglia activation in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Robust microglia activation, acute in onset, was followed by astrogliosis. This study was aimed to determine if Scutellarin would also affect the reactive astrocytes that play an important role in tissue repair. Expression of GFAP and Notch-1 and its members: Notch receptor intracellular domain (NICD), and transcription factor hairy and enhancer of split-1 (HES-1), together with nestin and proinflammatory mediators was assessed by immunofluorescence staining in TNC1 astrocytes treated, respectively, with BV-2 conditioned medium (CM) and CM + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (CM + L) serving as the controls, and conditioned medium derived from LPS-activated BV-2 cells pretreated with Scutellarin (CM + SL). Study of the above biomarkers was then extended to reactive astrocytes in Scutellarin injected MCAO rats. TNC1 astrocytes remained relatively unreactive in terms of expression of different biomarkers to direct Scutellarin treatment when compared with the control cells. In comparison to cells in the control medium (CM, CM + L), they responded vigorously to CM + SL as evidenced by the enhanced protein expression of GFAP, Notch-1, NICD and HES-1 coupled with that of nestin, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS by Western and immunofluorescence analysis. Electron microscopy showed marked hypertrophy and cell expansion of TNC1 astrocytes bearing many filamentous processes indicative of enhanced astrocyte reaction when treated with CM + SL. In MCAO rats, Scutellarin also augmented the expression of the above markers in reactive astrocytes; moreover, astrocytes were evidently hypertrophic. The results suggest that Scutellarin regulates astrogliosis; more importantly, it is microglia-mediated as demonstrated in vitro. Increased expression of Notch signaling in synchrony with nestin may be linked to proliferation and “de-differentiation” of reactive astrocytes; the significance of enhanced TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS expression in reactive astrocytes by Scutellarin may be neuroprotective but this remains speculative.
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Scutellarin regulates the notch pathway and affects the migration and morphological transformation of activated microglia in experimentally induced cerebral ischemia in rats and in activated bv 2 microglia
Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2015Co-Authors: Yun Yuan, Parakalan Rangarajan, Enci Mary Kan, Engang LingAbstract:Background Activated microglial cells release an excess of inflammatory mediators after an ischemic stroke. We reported previously that Scutellarin effectively suppressed the inflammatory response induced by activated microglia in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO); however, the mechanism via which Scutellarin exerts its effects on microglial activation has not been explored. This study aimed to elucidate if Scutellarin can regulate the Notch pathway that is linked to microglia activation in MCAO rat, and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglia. Along with this, we also investigated some characteristic behavioral responses of activated microglia.
