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Marcus Oldenburg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potentially traumatic experiences of Seafarers
Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London England), 2019Co-Authors: Hans-joachim Jensen, Marcus OldenburgAbstract:The aim of the present study is to assess the extent to which Seafarers had been affected by severe mental stress situations and what possible psychological effects they may have. During the voyages of 22 German ships, a psychologically trained investigator interviewed 323 Seafarers about severe mental stress or potentially traumatic events on board (participation rate 88.5%). Furthermore, a psychologist conducted semi-standardized interviews in 12 shipping companies and in 8 stations of the German Seafarers’ Mission on Seafarers’ traumatic experiences. Of the Seafarers surveyed on board, 116 (35.9%) experienced ship wrecks/severe accidents and 55 (17.0%) piracy on board. Experiences with stowaways were indicated by 126 Seafarers (39.0%). Repeatedly having to unintentionally think about these events, being reminded of them by certain noises, smells, etc., or often dreaming of them were after-effects in 97 (83.6%) of the affected Seafarers after ship wrecks/serious personal accidents on board and in 42 crew members (76.4%) after threats of piracy. Experiences of threat from stowaways had particularly affected non-European Seafarers or ratings. According to the interviews with the shipping companies, a total of 14 deaths occurred in the last 3 years in the 12 interviewed shipping companies (due to heart attacks (3), severe cancer (3), very serious accidents (3), suicides (2) and 3 with unknown causes of death). In relation to the container ships of the investigated shipping companies, these frequencies correspond to a mortality rate of 78.4 per 100,000 seafarer years. According to the interviews in 8 Seafarers’ Missions, these organizations are in charge of emergency counselling in the form of crisis intervention when a seafarer has experienced serious psychological stress. A serious injury or even the death of a member is a serious psychological stress experience for the other crew members in the closed social system on board. These events are particularly distressing for Filipino Seafarers with their strong sociocentric bonds and religious values. Priestly support is often required in order to stabilize the Filipino crew members. As a preventive measure, psychoeducation for Seafarers should be established for coping with extreme mental stress situations.
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Food offerings on board and dietary intake of European and Kiribati Seafarers - cross-sectional data from the seafarer nutrition study -
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 2018Co-Authors: Birgit-christiane Zyriax, Joachim Westenhoefer, Robert Von Katzler, Hans-joachim Jensen, Bettina Jagemann, Volker Harth, Marcus OldenburgAbstract:Background Overweight and cardiovascular risk factors are a common phenomenon in Seafarers. According to internal observation particularly crew members from the Pacific Island State of Kiribati are exposed to a high risk. However, in mixed crews, cultural background plays an important role, influencing food choice, and the actual risk. Methods The Seafarer Nutrition Study (SeaNut study) compared dietary factors in 48 Kiribati and 33 European male Seafarers recruited from four merchant ships with a high level of Kiribati manning within a German shipping company. Analysis encompassed the assessment of dietary quality on board, satisfaction with prepared dishes, and individual food intake obtained from 24-h recalls in comparison with nutritional recommendations. Results The overall supply of meat, fat and eggs was more than double, whereas the proportions of fruits, vegetables, dairy products and cereals were much lower than recommended. Based on the reported food choices, both groups, but notably Kiribati Seafarers, did not reach reference values as to macronutrient, micronutrient and fiber intake. In addition, satisfaction with the meals served, food preferences and knowledge about a healthy diet varied markedly between Kiribati and Europeans. Conclusions The present analysis of the SeaNut study revealed the necessity of future health intervention programs, including the quality of the food supply as well as information about a healthy diet and adequate food selection. In mixed crews, culture-specific differences should be considered, in order to facilitate the long-term success of interventions. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Registry DRKS00010819 retrospectively. Registered 18 July 2016 ( www.germanctr.de ).
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Cultural differences in food and shape related attitudes and eating behavior are associated with differences of Body Mass Index in the same food environment: cross-sectional results from the Seafarer Nutrition Study of Kiribati and European Seafarers
BMC Obesity, 2018Co-Authors: Joachim Westenhoefer, Robert Von Katzler, Hans-joachim Jensen, Birgit-christiane Zyriax, Bettina Jagemann, Volker Harth, Marcus OldenburgAbstract:Background Overweight and obesity is quite prevalent among Seafarers. The present study examined differences in BMI and their association with weight, shape and nutrition related attitudes and perceptions among seafarer from Kiribati, a Pacific Island Group, and European origin. Methods The Seafarer Nutrition Study compared 48 Kiribati and 33 European male Seafarers from 4 commercial merchant ships. BMI was calculated from measured weight and height. Attitudes to weight, shape and nutrition and disinhibition of control as a characteristic of eating behavior were assessed in a structured interview. Differences between the two groups were examined using t-tests and Chi-square-tests as appropriate. Associations between the variables were examined using Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) and correlations. Results Kiribati seafarer had significantly higher BMI than Europeans (30.3 ± 4.2 vs. 25.6 ± 3.4; p
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cultural differences in food and shape related attitudes and eating behavior are associated with differences of body mass index in the same food environment cross sectional results from the seafarer nutrition study of kiribati and european Seafarers
BMC Obesity, 2018Co-Authors: Joachim Westenhoefer, Robert Von Katzler, Hans-joachim Jensen, Birgit-christiane Zyriax, Bettina Jagemann, Volker Harth, Marcus OldenburgAbstract:Overweight and obesity is quite prevalent among Seafarers. The present study examined differences in BMI and their association with weight, shape and nutrition related attitudes and perceptions among seafarer from Kiribati, a Pacific Island Group, and European origin. The Seafarer Nutrition Study compared 48 Kiribati and 33 European male Seafarers from 4 commercial merchant ships. BMI was calculated from measured weight and height. Attitudes to weight, shape and nutrition and disinhibition of control as a characteristic of eating behavior were assessed in a structured interview. Differences between the two groups were examined using t-tests and Chi-square-tests as appropriate. Associations between the variables were examined using Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) and correlations. Kiribati seafarer had significantly higher BMI than Europeans (30.3 ± 4.2 vs. 25.6 ± 3.4; p < 0.001). However, MRA indicated that Kiribati were choosing thinner shapes as being “most similar” to their appearance than Europeans with the same BMI (B = − 1.14; p < 0.05). In addition, Kiribati had significantly higher scores of disinhibition than Europeans (5.6 ± 2.2 vs. 4.3 ± 2.1; p < 0.01), and disinhibition correlated with BMI in the Kiribati (r = 0.39; p < 0.01), but not in the European group (r = 0.17; n.s.). For Kiribati Seafarers the nutrition situation on board represents a highly tempting westernized food environment. Their tendency to disinhibited eating facilitates overconsumption and weight gain, and self-evaluation of their shapes as being thinner than comparable Europeans may hamper appropriate weight control behavior.
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food offerings on board and dietary intake of european and kiribati Seafarers cross sectional data from the seafarer nutrition study
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 2018Co-Authors: Birgit-christiane Zyriax, Joachim Westenhoefer, Hans-joachim Jensen, Bettina Jagemann, Volker Harth, Robert Von Katzler, Marcus OldenburgAbstract:Overweight and cardiovascular risk factors are a common phenomenon in Seafarers. According to internal observation particularly crew members from the Pacific Island State of Kiribati are exposed to a high risk. However, in mixed crews, cultural background plays an important role, influencing food choice, and the actual risk. The Seafarer Nutrition Study (SeaNut study) compared dietary factors in 48 Kiribati and 33 European male Seafarers recruited from four merchant ships with a high level of Kiribati manning within a German shipping company. Analysis encompassed the assessment of dietary quality on board, satisfaction with prepared dishes, and individual food intake obtained from 24-h recalls in comparison with nutritional recommendations. The overall supply of meat, fat and eggs was more than double, whereas the proportions of fruits, vegetables, dairy products and cereals were much lower than recommended. Based on the reported food choices, both groups, but notably Kiribati Seafarers, did not reach reference values as to macronutrient, micronutrient and fiber intake. In addition, satisfaction with the meals served, food preferences and knowledge about a healthy diet varied markedly between Kiribati and Europeans. The present analysis of the SeaNut study revealed the necessity of future health intervention programs, including the quality of the food supply as well as information about a healthy diet and adequate food selection. In mixed crews, culture-specific differences should be considered, in order to facilitate the long-term success of interventions. German Clinical Trials Registry DRKS00010819 retrospectively. Registered 18 July 2016 ( www.germanctr.de ).
Francesco Amenta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Design and evolution of the Seafarer's Health Passport for supporting (tele)-medical assistance to Seafarers.
International maritime health, 2019Co-Authors: Giulio Nittari, Antonio Arcese, Gopi Battineni, Krutika Khuman, Graziano Pallotta, Andrea Saturnino, Fabio Sibilio, Francesco AmentaAbstract:Background: Seafarers undergo periodic medical examination for their employment. This information in most cases is not effectively used when requesting for medical assistance during service on board ships. The medical history of an individual is important for provision of medical care and can be critical to the outcome. There is growing adoption of digital applications and electronic health records that are adding great value to the care provided. The Seafarer’s Health Passport (SHP) is an application specifically designed for improving the quality of medical assistance provided to Seafarers both through telemedicine or classic medical check-ups in ports/hospitals worldwide. The SHP provides a secure and unique way to archive and retrieve the seafarer’s medical history in an electronic support. Materials and methods: The SHP that we have developed is a product with specific hardware and software specifications. The basic features of this software are Linux operating system Debian/Ubuntu, Apache Web server 2.x, Server database MySQL/Maria DB PHP programming language 5.6.xx, and secure connection in https. Results: The SHP represents a helpful hint to physicians providing medical advices to Seafarers enabling them to make more decisions that are informed and curtailing possible complications due to misdiagnosis. Conclusions: Provision of high quality medical assistance requires knowledge of patient’s medical history. The availability of an easy access and friendly use system of own medical history is useful for a population of travellers, such as Seafarers to guarantee a reasonable level of medical care at any time.
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overweight among Seafarers working on board merchant ships
BMC Public Health, 2019Co-Authors: Giulio Nittari, Daniele Tomassoni, Marzio Di Canio, Enea Traini, Isabel Pirillo, Andrea Minciacchi, Francesco AmentaAbstract:Background Obesity and overweight represent a relevant risk factor for seafarer’s health. The frequency and distribution of overweight and obesity among Seafarers working on board of Italian flag ships were studied. Analysis was made on occupational medicine files collected, in the frame of health surveillance inspections, between 2013 and 2016 from Centro Internazionale Radio Medico (CIRM).
Lijun Tang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transformations and continuities of issues related to chinese participation in the global Seafarers labour market
Maritime Policy & Management, 2016Co-Authors: Lijun Tang, Mark Oliver S Llangco, Zhiwei ZhaoAbstract:Since the 1990s, Chinese Seafarers have become a force to be reckoned with in the global seafarer labour market, particularly against the backdrop of the manning crisis. Compared with other groups of Seafarers dominating the market such as the Filipinos and the Indians, they are commonly associated with perceptions of low cost, poor English skills, different safety/work culture, problems with the International Transport Workers’ Federation, etc. This article identifies transformations and continuities of problems related to Chinese Seafarers in the global market in the last two decades or so by reviewing relevant Lloyd’s List reports as well as official documents and previous research. The review shows that Chinese authorities have been taking various initiatives to take advantage of the manning crisis and to expand and promote seafarer education, supply and export, which in general serve to make Seafarers better educated and improve their communication skills. Although such initiatives have helped increase seafaring labour export, the success is nevertheless limited by tight government control on recruitment, which makes some foreign managers reluctant to employ Chinese Seafarers.
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trauma post trauma and support in the shipping industry the experience of filipino Seafarers after pirate attacks
Marine Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Sanley S Abila, Lijun TangAbstract:This paper focuses on Filipino Seafarers who were taken hostage by Somali pirates and explores their experiences and sufferings both during the captivity and after release. It shows that during captivity the victims suffered from various forms of traumatic abuse which scarred them both physically and psychologically. After release, the data suggests that Seafarers suffered from symptoms associated with mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. However, Seafarers reported that they received no systematic attention or treatment for psychological problems. The issue reveals a deficiency in the regulatory framework governing Seafarers׳ occupational health and safety in the Philippines.
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Waiting together: Seafarer-partners in cyberspace
Time & Society, 2012Co-Authors: Lijun TangAbstract:This paper examines how a group of seafarer-partners utilized cyberspace to collectively cope with long-term waiting and temporal disruption to couple relationships caused by Seafarers’ working patterns. It shows that seafarer-partners shared information, experience, and stories, which helped them to manage the present, to keep track of the future, and to bring the past to the fore. In so doing, seafarer-partners strengthened their relationships despite the time erosion. Thus the paper reveals that peer support and a waiting space are helpful for individuals involved in long-term waiting.
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Coping with separation : Chinese seafarer-partners in cyberspace
2007Co-Authors: Lijun TangAbstract:This thesis examines a group of Chinese seafarer-partners' participation in a discussion website called Home of Chinese Seafarers. Specifically, it investigates the ways and extent to which participation in the site serves to ameliorate problems associated with separation and loneliness for Seafarers-partners caused by the Seafarers work patterns. The study utilised qualitative research methods. Online participant observation was conducted for a period in excess of two years and face to face and email interviews were carried out with seafarer-partner participants and the website managers. Web-based content from the site was also recorded and analysed. In analysing the data three central themes were developed: forms of participation, the production of friendship and the potential effect of participation upon the self. The findings suggest that participation in this particular website enables seafarer-partners to pool their available resources to provide each other with informational help, emotional support, and differing degrees of friendship. With these resources it appears that they are better equipped to combat the loneliness and isolation experienced as a result of their partners repeated prolonged absences. Their participation in the site also helps them to make sense of and validate their experiences and to gain a sense of security and certainty. As a result, seafarer-partners become more positive towards their lives and future, and make claims for improved well-being. The analysis of the data further reveals that seafarer-partners produce and reproduce a set of group norms and values within the website which promote understanding, supportive and self-sacrificing Seafarers' wives/partners. This raises the issue of whether participating in the website is repressive or can be regarded as empowering.
Stephen E Roberts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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suicides among Seafarers in uk merchant shipping 1919 2005
Occupational Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Stephen E Roberts, Bogdan Jaremin, Padmaja Chalasani, Sarah RodgersAbstract:BACKGROUND: Little has been reported on suicides among Seafarers and how they have changed over time. AIMS: To establish the causes, rates and trends in suicides at work among Seafarers in UK merchant shipping from 1919 to 2005 and to compare suicide rates with the general UK population and with Seafarers employed in non-UK shipping. METHODS: Examination of Seafarers' death inquiry files, death registers and death returns (for a total population of 11.90 million seafarer-years); literature reviews and national suicide statistics. RESULTS: The suicide rate (for suicides at work and unexplained disappearances at sea) in UK shipping fell from 40-50 per 100 000 in the 1920s to Language: en
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an analysis of the causes of mortality among Seafarers in the british merchant fleet 1986 1995 and recommendations for their reduction
Occupational Medicine, 2002Co-Authors: Stephen E Roberts, Henrik Lyngbeck HansenAbstract:This study was designed to establish the manner and causes of all fatalities among Seafarers who were serving in British merchant shipping between 1 January 1986 and 31 December 1995. Other main aims were to compare mortality rates with workers in other industries and with Seafarers in other merchant fleets, and to discuss recommendations for the prevention of occupational mortality. This study was based upon official mortality files with a population of 253 919 seafarer-years at risk. There was a total of 252 fatalities in British merchant shipping during the study period. One hundred and seven of the 252 deaths were due to natural causes, of which 93 (87%) were caused by cardiovascular disease. The relative risk of mortality due to accidents at work (96 fatalities) was 23.9 times higher than for all workers in Great Britain during the same time period (95% confidence interval = 14.0-40.7). The risk of a fatal accident in merchant shipping was also much higher than in other British industrial sectors, such as agriculture, forestry and fishing (relative risk = 4.5), construction (5.5), and manufacturing (22.0). Seafaring was identified as a dangerous occupation compared with shore-based employment. Many of the fatal accidents at work were caused by hazardous working practices and were often preventable, as were the many off-duty accidents and drowning that were caused by Seafarers falling into docks when encountering hazardous access to their ships from the shore. Seafarers are also at special risk from acute illnesses since they lack direct access to specialist medical care.
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mortality from disease among Seafarers in british merchant shipping 1976 1995
International Maritime Health, 2002Co-Authors: Stephen E RobertsAbstract:OBJECTIVE To establish the cause and circumstances of all deaths from disease among Seafarers who were working in British merchant shipping between 1976 and 1995. Further aims were to discuss implications for reducing mortality and for maritime health care. METHODS A retrospective study of occupational mortality, based upon official mortality files, with a population of 983,119 seafarer-years at risk. RESULTS Out of a total of 600 deaths from disease, 427 (71%) were caused by cardiovascular disease; 247 of the 427 (58%) were taken ill at sea and 180 (42%) in port. Over 60% of the 427 who died from cardiovascular disease were off-duty at the time of onset and over 40% were found dead. Rates of evacuation to hospital before death from cardiovascular disease were 7% at sea and 9% in port. Fifty-five deaths from gastro-intestinal disease (9% of all deaths) were largely due to liver cirrhoses and stomach ulcers (14 each) and acute pancreatitis (seven). Trends in crude mortality rates for both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular disease declined between 1976 and 1995. CONCLUSIONS Seafarers are at special risks from acute illnesses since they lack direct access to specialist medical care. Prevention should be aimed at improvements in the use of radio-medical advice and in medical training for ship's officers. Also, since many deaths were linked to lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity and heavy alcohol consumption, primary preventative advice would be of benefit.
Peter B Marlow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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traumatic work related mortality among Seafarers employed in british merchant shipping 1976 2002
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Sharon E Roberts, Peter B MarlowAbstract:Aims: To establish the causes and circumstances of all traumatic work related deaths among Seafarers who were employed in British merchant shipping from 1976 to 2002, and to assess whether seafaring is still a hazardous occupation as well as a high risk occupation for suicide. Methods: A longitudinal study of occupational mortality, based on official mortality files, with a population of 1 136 427 seafarer-years at risk. Results: Of 835 traumatic work related deaths, 564 were caused by accidents, 55 by suicide, 17 by homicide, and 14 by drug or alcohol poisoning. The circumstances in which the other 185 deaths occurred, including 178 Seafarers who disappeared at sea or were found drowned, were undetermined. The mortality rate for 530 fatal accidents that occurred at the workplace from 1976 to 2002, 46.6 per 100 000 seafarer-years, was 27.8 times higher than in the general workforce in Great Britain during the same time period. The fatal accident rate declined sharply since the 1970s, but the relative risk of a fatal accident was 16.0 in 1996–2002. There was no reduction in the suicide rate, which was comparable to that in most high risk occupations in Britain, from 1976 to 1995; but a decline since 1995. Conclusions: Although there was a large decline in the fatal accident rate in British shipping, compared to the general workforce, seafaring has remained a hazardous occupation. Further prevention should focus on improvements in safety awareness among Seafarers and shipping companies, reductions in hazardous working practices, and improvements in care for Seafarers at risk of suicide.
