The Experts below are selected from a list of 240 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
D. P. Yeoman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of methods of cereal straw disposal, Seedbed Preparation and sowing method on the establishment, yield and oil content of winter oilseed rape ( Brassica napus )
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1994Co-Authors: R. J. Darby, D. P. YeomanAbstract:In the first of two series of experiments the effects of barley straw disposal by burning, chopping and spreading or baling and removing on winter oilseed rape were tested after Seedbed Preparation either by ploughing in the residue or incorporation in the soil by tine cultivation. These treatments were compared in four field experiments on silty clay loam soils at Rothamsted, UK from 1986 to 1989. The winter rape was either sown in late August or mid-September in Seedbeds where either none or 50 kg N/ha had been applied. In the first season, August-sown rape was successfully established after tine cultivation but very dry conditions prevented Seedbed Preparation after ploughing, consequently all ploughed treatments were sown in September [...]
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Effects of methods of cereal straw disposal, Seedbed Preparation and sowing method on the establishment, yield and oil content of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1994Co-Authors: R. J. Darby, D. P. YeomanAbstract:SUMMARYIn the first of two series of experiments the effects of barley straw disposal by burning, chopping and spreading or baling and removing on winter oilseed rape were tested after Seedbed Preparation either by ploughing in the residue or incorporation in the soil by tine cultivation. These treatments were compared in four field experiments on silty clay loam soils at Rothamsted, UK from 1986 to 1989. The winter rape was either sown in late August or mid-September in Seedbeds where either none or 50 kg N/ha had been applied.In the first season, August-sown rape was successfully established after tine cultivation but very dry conditions prevented Seedbed Preparation after ploughing, consequently all ploughed treatments were sown in September. Continuing dry conditions delayed emergence of the September-sown crop, the resultant small rape seedlings suffered substantial winter kill in some treatments during a period of abnormally low temperatures. Yield from the August-sown treatments was large (c. 40 t/ha) and showed no effect of straw disposal treatment or additional Seedbed N. The yield of the September-sown crop was influenced by the amount of winter kill sustained; the smallest yields resulted from tine incorporation, and the largest after ploughing, where they approached those of the early sown crop.In the following three seasons more plants emerged from September than from August sowings. The application of Seedbed N increased the plant population of the August-sown crop where the straw had been burnt. Plant losses over winter ranged from 15 to 20% and were unaffected by straw disposal treatment. There were significant differences in yield resulting from season and sowing date. Incorporating chopped straw by tine cultivation significantly decreased yield which, coupled with a lower oil content in the September-sown crop, gave a significantly smaller oil yield.In a second series of field experiments from 1987 to 1989, the effects of improving the timeliness of rape establishment after winter wheat by broadcasting rape seed into standing wheat was compared with conventional sowing after preparing a post-harvest Seedbed. After cereal harvest, straw was disposed of either by baling and removing or chopping and spreading over the rape seed. The application of 50 kg N/ha to the stubble or Seedbed was also tested, as was the effect of increasing the seed rate from 8 to 16 kg/ha in two seasons.There were always fewer plants established from broadcasting than from drilling. Generally there were fewer winter losses from broadcast seed than from drilled. Applying N to Seedbed or stubble had no effect on plant population or survival except where 16 kg/ha seed was sown in 1989 and increased yield in two of the three seasons.In spite of a smaller plant population from broadcast seed, yields were often larger from broadcast than drilled treatments. On average broadcasting the seed and baling the straw gave the largest yield although this was significant only in 1989.
R. J. Darby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of methods of cereal straw disposal, Seedbed Preparation and sowing method on the establishment, yield and oil content of winter oilseed rape ( Brassica napus )
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1994Co-Authors: R. J. Darby, D. P. YeomanAbstract:In the first of two series of experiments the effects of barley straw disposal by burning, chopping and spreading or baling and removing on winter oilseed rape were tested after Seedbed Preparation either by ploughing in the residue or incorporation in the soil by tine cultivation. These treatments were compared in four field experiments on silty clay loam soils at Rothamsted, UK from 1986 to 1989. The winter rape was either sown in late August or mid-September in Seedbeds where either none or 50 kg N/ha had been applied. In the first season, August-sown rape was successfully established after tine cultivation but very dry conditions prevented Seedbed Preparation after ploughing, consequently all ploughed treatments were sown in September [...]
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Effects of methods of cereal straw disposal, Seedbed Preparation and sowing method on the establishment, yield and oil content of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1994Co-Authors: R. J. Darby, D. P. YeomanAbstract:SUMMARYIn the first of two series of experiments the effects of barley straw disposal by burning, chopping and spreading or baling and removing on winter oilseed rape were tested after Seedbed Preparation either by ploughing in the residue or incorporation in the soil by tine cultivation. These treatments were compared in four field experiments on silty clay loam soils at Rothamsted, UK from 1986 to 1989. The winter rape was either sown in late August or mid-September in Seedbeds where either none or 50 kg N/ha had been applied.In the first season, August-sown rape was successfully established after tine cultivation but very dry conditions prevented Seedbed Preparation after ploughing, consequently all ploughed treatments were sown in September. Continuing dry conditions delayed emergence of the September-sown crop, the resultant small rape seedlings suffered substantial winter kill in some treatments during a period of abnormally low temperatures. Yield from the August-sown treatments was large (c. 40 t/ha) and showed no effect of straw disposal treatment or additional Seedbed N. The yield of the September-sown crop was influenced by the amount of winter kill sustained; the smallest yields resulted from tine incorporation, and the largest after ploughing, where they approached those of the early sown crop.In the following three seasons more plants emerged from September than from August sowings. The application of Seedbed N increased the plant population of the August-sown crop where the straw had been burnt. Plant losses over winter ranged from 15 to 20% and were unaffected by straw disposal treatment. There were significant differences in yield resulting from season and sowing date. Incorporating chopped straw by tine cultivation significantly decreased yield which, coupled with a lower oil content in the September-sown crop, gave a significantly smaller oil yield.In a second series of field experiments from 1987 to 1989, the effects of improving the timeliness of rape establishment after winter wheat by broadcasting rape seed into standing wheat was compared with conventional sowing after preparing a post-harvest Seedbed. After cereal harvest, straw was disposed of either by baling and removing or chopping and spreading over the rape seed. The application of 50 kg N/ha to the stubble or Seedbed was also tested, as was the effect of increasing the seed rate from 8 to 16 kg/ha in two seasons.There were always fewer plants established from broadcasting than from drilling. Generally there were fewer winter losses from broadcast seed than from drilled. Applying N to Seedbed or stubble had no effect on plant population or survival except where 16 kg/ha seed was sown in 1989 and increased yield in two of the three seasons.In spite of a smaller plant population from broadcast seed, yields were often larger from broadcast than drilled treatments. On average broadcasting the seed and baling the straw gave the largest yield although this was significant only in 1989.
A. Rover - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of Sugar Beet Cropping Systems with Dead and Living Mulch using a Glyphosate‐resistant Hybrid
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2005Co-Authors: Jan Petersen, A. RoverAbstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate new options for sugar beet mulch systems, using a glyphosate-resistant hybrid. In four field trials - conducted in 2002 and 2003 at two sites in a major sugar beet-growing region in the central Germany - three different mulch systems (straw, non-winterhardy and winterhardy cover crop) and an alternative Seedbed Preparation method (rotary band tillage) have been tested in comparison with a control treatment (plough, no mulch, broadcast Seedbed Preparation) representing the common German practice. In all systems, a set of eight different weed control programmes, including two reference treatments, one with selective conventional herbicides and five exclusively using glyphosate, has been evaluated for efficacy. It could be shown that the integration of winterhardy cover crops into sugar beet mulch systems reduced the risk of nitrogen loss by leaching. The changes in the nitrogen dynamics neither influence the yield nor the technical quality of the sugar beet. The field emergence of sugar beet decreased while using a winterhardy cover crop, but was not altered by the Seedbed Preparation method. Compared with the conventional broadcast Seedbed Preparation, the rotary band tillage did reduce the weed density. The lowest weed density was observed in the straw mulch system. It was not possible to control the remaining plants of the winterhardy cover crops completely with selective herbicides. If glyphosate was used until the four-leaf stage of the sugar beet, a regulation of the winterhardy cover crop was achievable. With glyphosate it was also feasible to control older weeds together with the newly emerging ones with post-emergence applications only. For most of the mulch systems tested, the sugar beet was very sensitive to weed competition between the four- and 10-leaf stage. If the weeds within the sugar beet rows were controlled during this sensitive period with an early glyphosate band application, the remaining weeds between the rows could be left uncontrolled until the 10-leaf stage of the sugar beet without any yield loss. Only in the combination of winterhardy cover crop x rotary band Seedbed Preparation, the weeds and cover crop had to be controlled directly after emergence of the sugar beet.
Johan Arvidsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of spring Preparation date and soil water content on Seedbed physical conditions of a clayey soil in sweden
Soil & Tillage Research, 2003Co-Authors: A De Toro, Johan ArvidssonAbstract:Secondary tillage performed under inadequate soil water contents usually leads to a poor Seedbed. Under normal Swedish weather conditions, clayey soils ploughed during autumn form a very dry top layer in spring, which acts as an evaporation barrier so that deeper layers remain wet. Thus, the conventional approach considering soil workability in relation to a single value of soil water content is difficult to apply. Hence, a field experiment was carried out to study the effect of Seedbed Preparation date, the associated soil water contents and traffic consequences on the physical properties of a spring Seedbed. The field was autumn ploughed and the experiment started as soon as the field was trafficable after winter thawing. The Seedbed Preparation consisted of three harrowing operations on plots 8 m x 8 m (three replications) with a spring tined harrow and a tractor mounted with dual tyres and was performed on 10 occasions from the beginning of April to the middle of May. With the exception of some short periods after rain, the soil had a clear water stratification during the experiment, with a very dry superficial layer (5-20 mm thick) contrasting to water contents over 30 g kg -1 from only 40 mm depth. After the harrowing operation, the Seedbed aggregate fraction less than 2 mm increased from about 40% at the beginning of April to about 60% for the last four treatments in May. Contributing factors to the rise were attributed to the lower water contents of the top layer (<40 mm) and the drying-wetting and freezing-thawing cycles that occurred in the surface layer during April. There were no significant differences in bulk density after harrowing between the treatments but an increase in penetration resistance up to a depth of 180 mm in the harrowed plots was statistically significant (P < 0.001). In the non-harrowed soil, penetration resistance also increased, including in those soil layers where water contents kept nearly constant. In conclusion, the Seedbed Preparation dates had only a minor effect on soil compaction, as measured by bulk density and penetration resistance, due to the slow drying beneath the dry top layer. The fraction of fine aggregates in the Seedbed increased with time. Thus, the optimal time for Seedbed Preparation depended mainly on soil friability and not on the risk of compaction.
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Early sowing - a system for reduced Seedbed Preparation in Sweden.
Soil and Tillage Research, 2000Co-Authors: Johan Arvidsson, Tomas Rydberg, V FeizaAbstract:Conventional Seedbed Preparation for spring sown crops in Sweden includes 3‐4 harrowings followed by sowing, but there is a great interest among farmers to reduce this tillage. Since the soil is normally at field capacity after winter, the conventional system implies a major risk of soil compaction and the farmer has to wait for the soil to dry before Seedbed Preparation can be started. A new technique that has been made possible by new types of seed drills and improved tyre equipment is early sowing of spring cereals without harrowing. It was tested in 74 field experiments in Sweden during 1992‐1996, on soils with clay contents ranging from 6 to 57% (typically Eutric or Gleyic Cambisols). On an average, early sowing increased yield by 1% compared with that of conventional sowing. When early sowing was made more than 30 days before conventional sowing it increased yield by an average of 11%. There was no clear relation between yield response to early sowing and soil type. In four long-term experiments, there were no significant differences in bulk density or in saturated hydraulic conductivity between early and conventional sowing. As an average for all experiments, number of emerged plants was 6% lower for early than that for conventional sowing, but this factor did not seem to be decisive for crop yield. In an experiment, when barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) was grown after barley, there was a higher occurrence of leaf scald (Rhyncosporium secalis (Sacc.) Shoemaker) and net blotch (Dreschlera teres (Oudem) J.J. Davies) in early sown treatments, however, when all results are considered, the risk of increased plant pests due to early sowing seems small. In total, early sowing of spring cereals without harrowing may be beneficial to farmers since it reduces the cost of tillage and increases crop yield potential by lengthening the growing period. # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
H W Rees - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tillage erosion within potato production systems in atlantic canada i measurement of tillage translocation by implements used in Seedbed Preparation
Soil & Tillage Research, 2007Co-Authors: K H D Tiessen, David A. Lobb, G.r. Mehuys, H W ReesAbstract:Abstract In Canada, there is growing acceptance that tillage erosion is a serious form of soil degradation and a threat to the sustainability of agriculture across the country. To date, the potential risk for tillage erosion within potato production systems has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to generate tillage translocation values for primary and secondary tillage implements common to Seedbed Preparation within conventionally and conservation tilled potato production systems in Atlantic Canada. Tillage translocation was measured for each implement by labelling a plot of soil with a tracer. The tracer redistribution along the path of tillage was used to generate a summation curve to calculate mean soil movement in the direction of tillage. The results show that each primary and secondary tillage operation moved vast quantities of soil and is potentially erosive. Maximum displacement distances were considerably larger in this project than those reported in previous studies looking at tillage erosion by primary and/or secondary tillage implements. All four tillage implements tested moved soil at least 3 m, with the greatest translocated distances (5.6 m) observed for the chisel plough (CP) and vibrashank (VS). The mass of translocated soil (TM) was greatest for the CP, followed by the mouldboard plough (MP), VS and offset disc (OD). In addition, compared to travelling downslope, the upslope speed of tillage was reduced by 38%, 21%, 32% and 12% for the MP, CP, OD and VS, respectively, while the depth of tillage was reduced by 6%, 5%, 35% and 2%, respectively. It is apparent that conservation tillage implements (the CP is generally promoted to reduce water erosion in Atlantic Canada) and secondary tillage implements (OD and VS) can move as much soil as conventional tillage implements such as the mouldboard plough, and must be considered when developing plans to reduce soil erosion within potato fields in Atlantic Canada.
