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Silvia Knoblochwesterwick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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temporal self impacts on media Exposure effects a test of the Selective Exposure self and affect management sesam model
Media Psychology, 2021Co-Authors: Kate T Luong, Silvia Knoblochwesterwick, Jessica R FramptonAbstract:Based on the Selective Exposure self- and affect-management (SESAM) model and social comparison theory, a 2 × 2 between-subject experiment was conducted in which participants were primed to think a...
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confirmation bias ingroup bias and negativity bias in Selective Exposure to political information
Communication Research, 2020Co-Authors: Silvia Knoblochwesterwick, Cornelia Mothes, Nick PolavinAbstract:Selective reading of political online information was examined based on cognitive dissonance, social identity, and news values frameworks. Online reports were displayed to 156 Americans while selec...
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can the media help women be better at math stereotype threat Selective Exposure media effects and women s math performance
Human Communication Research, 2017Co-Authors: Kate T Luong, Silvia KnoblochwesterwickAbstract:This study examines women's media selections when under the gender–math stereotype threat and the subsequent media effects on their math performance through the lens of the Selective Exposure Self- and Affect-Management (SESAM) model, mood management theory, and social comparison theory. Female college students were randomly assigned to the stereotype threat condition or the control condition; then, they Selectively browsed magazine pages showing female role models in stereotypical domains (beauty or family) and counterstereotypical domains (career or science) before taking the math test. The results show that women spent more time on career magazines when under threat, and this Selective Exposure's effect on their math performance was moderated by their assimilation to the role models.
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selecting serious or satirical supporting or stirring news Selective Exposure to partisan versus mockery news online videos
Journal of Communication, 2017Co-Authors: Silvia Knoblochwesterwick, Simon M LavisAbstract:The present investigation combines cognitive dissonance theory with entertainment-education frameworks to study selection and effects of news. Selective Exposure to satirical and partisan news was examined with online clips to test hypotheses on overcoming resistance to persuasive messages. An experiment (n = 146) presented news choices, varied in stance (conservative vs. liberal) and format (serious partisan news vs. satirical news). Results show political interest fosters selection of serious partisan news. Clips with partisan alignment were more frequently selected; only for the satirical news clips, Democrats did not exhibit such confirmation bias. Selecting satirical news affected internal political efficacy, and selecting online news clips induced attitude reinforcement according to message stance.
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the Selective Exposure self and affect management sesam model applications in the realms of race politics and health
Communication Research, 2015Co-Authors: Silvia KnoblochwesterwickAbstract:The present contribution aims to advance discussion toward theoretical and methodological shifts in the field by tailoring a media-effects model to Selective Exposure research. The first section reviews earlier theorizing and highlights media Exposure motivations, conceptualizations of media user characteristics, and methodology with an emphasis on Exposure measures. The second section develops the Selective Exposure Self- and Affect-Management (SESAM) model, which is based on the Selective Exposure paradigm and addresses the roles of the self, affect, motivations, and time. The third section illustrates applications of the model with analyses involving messages about race, politics, and health.
Dieter Frey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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threat and Selective Exposure the moderating role of threat and decision context on confirmatory information search after decisions
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2011Co-Authors: Peter Fischer, Dieter Frey, Andreas Kastenmuller, Tobias Greitemeyer, Julia Fischer, David CrelleyAbstract:Previous studies on the impact of perceived threat on confirmatory information search (Selective Exposure) in the context of decision making have yielded mixed results. Some studies have suggested that confirmatory information search is reduced, yet others have found contradictory effects. The present series of 5 studies consistently found that the crucial moderator for these inconsistent findings was whether the induced threat was contextually related to the subsequent decision and information search tasks. Contextual incongruence (e.g., an induction of terrorist threat followed by an economic decision case) results in reduced levels of confirmatory information search, whereas a congruent threat (e.g., an induction of terrorist threat followed by a decision case on terrorism) results in increased levels of confirmatory information search. Analyses of the underlying psychological processes revealed that decision-unrelated threat inductions increase decision makers' experienced decision uncertainty, thus reducing confirmatory information search.
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threat and Selective Exposure the moderating role of threat and decision context on confirmatory information search after decisions
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2011Co-Authors: Peter Fischer, Dieter Frey, Andreas Kastenmuller, Tobias Greitemeyer, Julia Fischer, David CrelleyAbstract:Previous studies on the impact of perceived threat on confirmatory information search (Selective Exposure) in the context of decision making have yielded mixed results. Some studies have suggested that confirmatory information search is reduced, yet others have found contradictory effects. The present series of 5 studies consistently found that the crucial moderator for these inconsistent findings was whether the induced threat was contextually related to the subsequent decision and information search tasks. Contextual incongruence (e.g., an induction of terrorist threat followed by an economic decision case) results in reduced levels of confirmatory information search, whereas a congruent threat (e.g., an induction of terrorist threat followed by a decision case on terrorism) results in increased levels of confirmatory information search. Analyses of the underlying psychological processes revealed that decision-unrelated threat inductions increase decision makers' experienced decision uncertainty, thus reducing confirmatory information search. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
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Selective Exposure to information how different modes of decision making affect subsequent confirmatory information processing
British Journal of Social Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Peter Fischer, Julia Fischer, Silke Weisweiler, Dieter FreyAbstract:We investigated whether different modes of decision making (deliberate, intuitive, distracted) affect subsequent confirmatory processing of decision-consistent and inconsistent information. Participants showed higher levels of confirmatory information processing when they made a deliberate or an intuitive decision versus a decision under distraction (Studies 1 and 2). As soon as participants have a cognitive (i.e., deliberate cognitive analysis) or affective (i.e., intuitive and gut feeling) reason for their decision, the subjective confidence in the validity of their decision increases, which results in increased levels of confirmatory information processing (Study 2). In contrast, when participants are distracted during decision making, they are less certain about the validity of their decision and thus are subsequently more balanced in the processing of decision-relevant information.
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self regulation and Selective Exposure the impact of depleted self regulation resources on confirmatory information processing
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Peter Fischer, Tobias Greitemeyer, Dieter FreyAbstract:In the present research, the authors investigated the impact of self-regulation resources on confirmatory information processing, that is, the tendency of individuals to systematically prefer standpoint-consistent information to standpoint-inconsistent information in information evaluation and search. In 4 studies with political and economic decision-making scenarios, it was consistently found that individuals with depleted self-regulation resources exhibited a stronger tendency for confirmatory information processing than did individuals with nondepleted self-regulation resources. Alternative explanations based on processes of ego threat, cognitive load, and mood were ruled out. Mediational analyses suggested that individuals with depleted self-regulation resources experienced increased levels of commitment to their own standpoint, which resulted in increased confirmatory information processing. In sum, the impact of ego depletion on confirmatory information search seems to be more motivational than cognitive in nature.
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Selective Exposure and information quantity how different information quantities moderate decision makers preference for consistent and inconsistent information
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Peter Fischer, Stefan Schulzhardt, Dieter FreyAbstract:Empirical evidence on Selective Exposure to information after decisions is contradictory: Whereas many studies have found a preference for information that is consistent with one's prior decision, some have found a preference for inconsistent information. The authors propose that different available information quantities moderate these contradictory findings. Four studies confirmed this expectation. When confronted with 10 pieces of information, decision makers systematically preferred decision-consistent information, whereas when confronted with only 2 pieces of information, they strongly preferred decision-inconsistent information (Study 1). This effect was not due to differences in processing complexity (Study 2) or dissonance processes (Study 3) but could be traced back to different salient selection criteria: When confronted with 2 pieces of information, the salient selection criterion was information direction (consistent vs. inconsistent), which caused a preference for inconsistent information. In contrast, when confronted with more than 2 pieces of information, the salient selection criterion was expected information quality, which caused a preference for consistent information (Study 4).
Yanhong Xue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular scale axial localization by repetitive optical Selective Exposure
Nature Methods, 2021Co-Authors: Shuwen Zhang, Maoge Zhou, Yanhong XueAbstract:We introduce an axial localization with repetitive optical Selective Exposure (ROSE-Z) method for super-resolution imaging. By using an asymmetric optical scheme to generate interference fringes, a <2 nm axial localization precision was achieved with only ~3,000 photons, which is an approximately sixfold improvement compared to previous astigmatism methods. Nanoscale three-dimensional and two-color imaging was demonstrated, illustrating how this method achieves superior performance and facilitates the investigation of cellular nanostructures. ROSE-Z achieves axial interference through an asymmetrical optical scheme, yielding 2 nm axial localization precision with ~3,000 photons and a single objective, which offers improved multicolor three-dimensional localization microscopy for cellular structures.
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Molecular resolution imaging by repetitive optical Selective Exposure
Nature Methods, 2019Co-Authors: Lusheng Gu, Yanhong Xue, Shuwen Zhang, Weixing Li, Yuanyuan Li, Dong Li, Tao Xu, Wei JiAbstract:We introduce an interferometric single-molecule localization method for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence molecules are located by the intensities of multiple excitation patterns of an interference fringe, providing around a twofold improvement in the localization precision compared with the conventional imaging with the same photon budget. We demonstrate this technique by resolving nanostructures down to 5 nm in size over a large 25 × 25 μm2 field of view.Repetitive optical Selective Exposure (ROSE) is an interferometric single-molecule localization microscopy method offering twofold improvement in lateral resolution with the same photon budget compared with conventional approaches.
Peter Fischer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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threat and Selective Exposure the moderating role of threat and decision context on confirmatory information search after decisions
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2011Co-Authors: Peter Fischer, Dieter Frey, Andreas Kastenmuller, Tobias Greitemeyer, Julia Fischer, David CrelleyAbstract:Previous studies on the impact of perceived threat on confirmatory information search (Selective Exposure) in the context of decision making have yielded mixed results. Some studies have suggested that confirmatory information search is reduced, yet others have found contradictory effects. The present series of 5 studies consistently found that the crucial moderator for these inconsistent findings was whether the induced threat was contextually related to the subsequent decision and information search tasks. Contextual incongruence (e.g., an induction of terrorist threat followed by an economic decision case) results in reduced levels of confirmatory information search, whereas a congruent threat (e.g., an induction of terrorist threat followed by a decision case on terrorism) results in increased levels of confirmatory information search. Analyses of the underlying psychological processes revealed that decision-unrelated threat inductions increase decision makers' experienced decision uncertainty, thus reducing confirmatory information search.
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threat and Selective Exposure the moderating role of threat and decision context on confirmatory information search after decisions
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2011Co-Authors: Peter Fischer, Dieter Frey, Andreas Kastenmuller, Tobias Greitemeyer, Julia Fischer, David CrelleyAbstract:Previous studies on the impact of perceived threat on confirmatory information search (Selective Exposure) in the context of decision making have yielded mixed results. Some studies have suggested that confirmatory information search is reduced, yet others have found contradictory effects. The present series of 5 studies consistently found that the crucial moderator for these inconsistent findings was whether the induced threat was contextually related to the subsequent decision and information search tasks. Contextual incongruence (e.g., an induction of terrorist threat followed by an economic decision case) results in reduced levels of confirmatory information search, whereas a congruent threat (e.g., an induction of terrorist threat followed by a decision case on terrorism) results in increased levels of confirmatory information search. Analyses of the underlying psychological processes revealed that decision-unrelated threat inductions increase decision makers' experienced decision uncertainty, thus reducing confirmatory information search. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
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Selective Exposure to information how different modes of decision making affect subsequent confirmatory information processing
British Journal of Social Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Peter Fischer, Julia Fischer, Silke Weisweiler, Dieter FreyAbstract:We investigated whether different modes of decision making (deliberate, intuitive, distracted) affect subsequent confirmatory processing of decision-consistent and inconsistent information. Participants showed higher levels of confirmatory information processing when they made a deliberate or an intuitive decision versus a decision under distraction (Studies 1 and 2). As soon as participants have a cognitive (i.e., deliberate cognitive analysis) or affective (i.e., intuitive and gut feeling) reason for their decision, the subjective confidence in the validity of their decision increases, which results in increased levels of confirmatory information processing (Study 2). In contrast, when participants are distracted during decision making, they are less certain about the validity of their decision and thus are subsequently more balanced in the processing of decision-relevant information.
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self regulation and Selective Exposure the impact of depleted self regulation resources on confirmatory information processing
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Peter Fischer, Tobias Greitemeyer, Dieter FreyAbstract:In the present research, the authors investigated the impact of self-regulation resources on confirmatory information processing, that is, the tendency of individuals to systematically prefer standpoint-consistent information to standpoint-inconsistent information in information evaluation and search. In 4 studies with political and economic decision-making scenarios, it was consistently found that individuals with depleted self-regulation resources exhibited a stronger tendency for confirmatory information processing than did individuals with nondepleted self-regulation resources. Alternative explanations based on processes of ego threat, cognitive load, and mood were ruled out. Mediational analyses suggested that individuals with depleted self-regulation resources experienced increased levels of commitment to their own standpoint, which resulted in increased confirmatory information processing. In sum, the impact of ego depletion on confirmatory information search seems to be more motivational than cognitive in nature.
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Selective Exposure and information quantity how different information quantities moderate decision makers preference for consistent and inconsistent information
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Peter Fischer, Stefan Schulzhardt, Dieter FreyAbstract:Empirical evidence on Selective Exposure to information after decisions is contradictory: Whereas many studies have found a preference for information that is consistent with one's prior decision, some have found a preference for inconsistent information. The authors propose that different available information quantities moderate these contradictory findings. Four studies confirmed this expectation. When confronted with 10 pieces of information, decision makers systematically preferred decision-consistent information, whereas when confronted with only 2 pieces of information, they strongly preferred decision-inconsistent information (Study 1). This effect was not due to differences in processing complexity (Study 2) or dissonance processes (Study 3) but could be traced back to different salient selection criteria: When confronted with 2 pieces of information, the salient selection criterion was information direction (consistent vs. inconsistent), which caused a preference for inconsistent information. In contrast, when confronted with more than 2 pieces of information, the salient selection criterion was expected information quality, which caused a preference for consistent information (Study 4).
Kate T Luong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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temporal self impacts on media Exposure effects a test of the Selective Exposure self and affect management sesam model
Media Psychology, 2021Co-Authors: Kate T Luong, Silvia Knoblochwesterwick, Jessica R FramptonAbstract:Based on the Selective Exposure self- and affect-management (SESAM) model and social comparison theory, a 2 × 2 between-subject experiment was conducted in which participants were primed to think a...
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can the media help women be better at math stereotype threat Selective Exposure media effects and women s math performance
Human Communication Research, 2017Co-Authors: Kate T Luong, Silvia KnoblochwesterwickAbstract:This study examines women's media selections when under the gender–math stereotype threat and the subsequent media effects on their math performance through the lens of the Selective Exposure Self- and Affect-Management (SESAM) model, mood management theory, and social comparison theory. Female college students were randomly assigned to the stereotype threat condition or the control condition; then, they Selectively browsed magazine pages showing female role models in stereotypical domains (beauty or family) and counterstereotypical domains (career or science) before taking the math test. The results show that women spent more time on career magazines when under threat, and this Selective Exposure's effect on their math performance was moderated by their assimilation to the role models.