The Experts below are selected from a list of 306 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Takeshi Nishio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Use of Self-Compatibility and Modifier Genes for Breeding and Genetic Analysis in Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)
Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 2020Co-Authors: Katsuhiro Matsui, Takeshi Nishio, Takahisa TetsukaAbstract:Common buckwheat plants have heteromorphic Self-inCompatibility. Using two Self-fertilizing lines, we revealed that there are two distinct systems of sell-Compatibility, one using a Self-compatible allele, S', the other using modifier genes located outside the S locus and suppressing the functions of the S-locus genes. S h appears to have been produced by recombination in the S supergene (gi s I P PA/gi S I p PA), in which each gene is functional. The modifier genes control the intensity of Self-inCompatibility and have three distinctive features: (1) Pollen shows cross-Compatibility with styles of all flower types, although the Compatibility is influenced by the genetic background of those plants. (2) Flower morphology of F 1 plants is controlled by the genotype of the S locus. (3) F 1 plants show high Self-Compatibility, although the level of Self-Compatibility is influenced by genetic background. The use of these genes for buckwheat breeding is discussed.
-
the Self Compatibility mechanism in brassica napus l is applicable to f1 hybrid breeding
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2011Co-Authors: Takahiro Tochigi, Hisashi Udagawa, Feng Li, Hiroyasu Kitashiba, Takeshi NishioAbstract:Brassica napus, an allopolyploid species having the A genome of B. rapa and the C genome of B. oleracea, is Self-compatible, although both B. rapa and B. oleracea are Self-incompatible. We have previously reported that SP11/SCR alleles are not expressed in anthers, while SRK alleles are functional in the stigma in B. napus cv. ‘Westar’, which has BnS-1 similar to B. rapa S-47 and BnS-6 similar to B. oleracea S-15. This genotype is the most frequent S genotype in B. napus, and we hypothesized that the loss of the function of SP11 is the primary cause of the Self-Compatibility of ‘Westar’. To verify this hypothesis, we transformed ‘Westar’ plants with the SP11 allele of B. rapa S-47. All the transgenic plants and their progeny were completely Self-incompatible, demonstrating Self-Compatibility to be due to the S haplotype having the non-functional SP11 allele in the A genome, which suppresses a functional recessive SP11 allele in the C genome. An artificially synthesized B. napus line having two recessive SP11 alleles was developed by interspecific hybridization between B. rapa and B. oleracea. This line was Self-incompatible, but F1 hybrids between this line and ‘Westar’ were Self-compatible. These results suggest that the Self-Compatibility mechanism of ‘Westar’ is applicable to F1 seed production in B. napus.
-
Self Compatibility in brassica napus is caused by independent mutations in s locus genes
Plant Journal, 2007Co-Authors: Shunsuke Okamoto, Ryo Fujimoto, Hiroyasu Kitashiba, Masashi Odashima, Yutaka Sato, Takeshi NishioAbstract:Brassica napus is an amphidiploid species with the A genome from Brassica rapa and the C genome from Brassica oleracea. Although B. rapa, B. oleracea and artificially synthesized amphidiploids with the AC genome are Self-incompatible, B. napus is Self-compatible. Six S genotypes were identified in B. napus, five of which had class I S haplotypes from one species and a class II S haplotype from the other species, and mutations causing Self-Compatibility were identified in three of these S genotypes. The most predominant S genotype (BnS-1;BnS-6), which is that of cv. 'Westar', had a class I S haplotype similar to B. rapa S-47 (BrS-47) and a class II S haplotype similar to B. oleracea S-15 (BoS-15). The stigmas of 'Westar' rejected the pollen grains of both BrS-47 and BoS-15, while reciprocal crossings were compatible. Insertion of a DNA fragment of about 3.6 kb was found in the promoter region of the SP11/SCR allele of BnS-1, and transcripts of SP11/SCR were not detected in 'Westar'. The nucleotide sequence of the SP11 genomic DNA of BnS-6 was 100% identical to that of SP11 of BoS-15. Class I SP11 alleles from one species showed dominance over class II SP11 alleles from the other species in artificially synthesized B. napus lines, suggesting that the non-functional dominant SP11 allele suppressed the expression of the recessive SP11 allele in 'Westar'. Two other S genotypes in B. napus also had non-functional class I S haplotypes together with recessive BnS-6. These observations suggest independent origins of Self-Compatibility in B. napus.
-
gene conversion from slg to srk resulting in Self Compatibility in brassica rapa
FEBS Letters, 2006Co-Authors: Ryo Fujimoto, Tetsu Sugimura, Takeshi NishioAbstract:Self-compatible S-54 homozygotic plants were found in progenies of an F1 hybrid cultivar in Chinese cabbage. Pollination tests revealed that this Self-Compatibility is controlled by the S locus and caused by the loss of the recognition function of the stigma. SRK, the gene for the recognition molecule in the stigma, was normally transcribed and translated in the Self-compatible plants. The 1034-bp region in the receptor domain of SRK in the Self-compatible plants was 100% identical to SLG in S-54, while that in Self-incompatible S-54 homozygotic plants was 95.1% identical. These results suggest that the Self-Compatibility of the S-54 homozygotes is due to amino-acid changes caused by gene conversion from SLG to SRK.
-
Gene conversion from SLG to SRK resulting in Self‐Compatibility in Brassica rapa
FEBS Letters, 2005Co-Authors: Ryo Fujimoto, Tetsu Sugimura, Takeshi NishioAbstract:Self-compatible S-54 homozygotic plants were found in progenies of an F1 hybrid cultivar in Chinese cabbage. Pollination tests revealed that this Self-Compatibility is controlled by the S locus and caused by the loss of the recognition function of the stigma. SRK, the gene for the recognition molecule in the stigma, was normally transcribed and translated in the Self-compatible plants. The 1034-bp region in the receptor domain of SRK in the Self-compatible plants was 100% identical to SLG in S-54, while that in Self-incompatible S-54 homozygotic plants was 95.1% identical. These results suggest that the Self-Compatibility of the S-54 homozygotes is due to amino-acid changes caused by gene conversion from SLG to SRK.
Attila Hegedus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
origin and dissemination of the pollen part mutated sc haplotype which confers Self Compatibility in apricot prunus armeniaca
New Phytologist, 2007Co-Authors: Julia Halasz, A Pedryc, Attila HegedusAbstract:Summary • In China, its centre of origin, apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is Self-incompatible. However, most European cultivars are Self-compatible. In most cases, Self-Compatibility is a result of a loss-of-function mutation within the pollen gene (SFB) in the SC haplotype. Controlled pollinations performed in this work revealed that the cross ‘Cegledi orias’ (S8S9) × ‘Cegledi arany’ (SCS9) set well, as expected, but the reciprocal cross did not. • Apricot S8, S9 and SC haplotypes were analysed using a multilevel approach including fruit set evaluation, pollen tube growth analysis, RNase activity assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and DNA sequencing of the S-RNase and SFB alleles. • SFB8 was revealed to be the first known progenitor allele of a naturally occurring Self-Compatibility allele in Prunus, and consequently SC = . The first intron of SC-RNase is a phase one intron, indicating its more recent evolutionary origin compared with the second intron. Sequence analysis of different cultivars revealed that more single nucleotide polymorphisms accumulated in SC-RNase than in SFBC. New methods were designed to allow high-throughput analysis of S genotypes of apricot cultivars and selections. • S-RNase sequence data from various sources helped to elucidate the putative origin and dissemination of Self-Compatibility in apricot conferred by the SC haplotype.
-
Origin and dissemination of the pollen‐part mutated SC haplotype which confers Self‐Compatibility in apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
New Phytologist, 2007Co-Authors: Julia Halasz, A Pedryc, Attila HegedusAbstract:Summary • In China, its centre of origin, apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is Self-incompatible. However, most European cultivars are Self-compatible. In most cases, Self-Compatibility is a result of a loss-of-function mutation within the pollen gene (SFB) in the SC haplotype. Controlled pollinations performed in this work revealed that the cross ‘Cegledi orias’ (S8S9) × ‘Cegledi arany’ (SCS9) set well, as expected, but the reciprocal cross did not. • Apricot S8, S9 and SC haplotypes were analysed using a multilevel approach including fruit set evaluation, pollen tube growth analysis, RNase activity assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and DNA sequencing of the S-RNase and SFB alleles. • SFB8 was revealed to be the first known progenitor allele of a naturally occurring Self-Compatibility allele in Prunus, and consequently SC = . The first intron of SC-RNase is a phase one intron, indicating its more recent evolutionary origin compared with the second intron. Sequence analysis of different cultivars revealed that more single nucleotide polymorphisms accumulated in SC-RNase than in SFBC. New methods were designed to allow high-throughput analysis of S genotypes of apricot cultivars and selections. • S-RNase sequence data from various sources helped to elucidate the putative origin and dissemination of Self-Compatibility in apricot conferred by the SC haplotype.
A. Wünsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Characterization of Self-Compatibility in sweet cherry varieties by crossing experiments and molecular genetic analysis
Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2014Co-Authors: Ariana M. Cachi, A. WünschAbstract:Self-Compatibility is a major breeding objective in sweet cherry. The identification and characterization of new sources of Self-Compatibility will be useful for breeding and research purposes. In this work, Self-Compatibility of four local Spanish sweet cherry varieties was investigated by crossing experiments and molecular genetic analysis of two Self-inCompatibility loci. Crossing experiments included Self- and cross-pollinations in the laboratory followed by microscopic observation of pollen tube growth and fruit set assay in the field. After crossing experiments, two accessions, ‘Son Miro’ and ‘Talegal Ahin’, were Self-compatible while the other two were Self-incompatible. Inheritance of S-locus and microsatellite EMPaS02 (linked to Self-Compatibility, Sc) were investigated in Self-pollination progeny of both Self-compatible genotypes. Results indicate that Self-Compatibility in ‘Talegal Ahin’ is similar to Self-Compatibility described in sweet cherry ‘Cristobalina’ and may be caused by the same mutation. That is a pollen part mutation not linked to the S-locus but linked to microsatellite EMPaS02 in cherry LG3. In ‘Son Miro’ Self-Compatibility seems more complex, affecting pollen and style function, and probably involving more than one mutation not described previously in sweet cherry. Together with ‘Cristobalina’, the newly described Self-compatible varieties ‘Son Miro’ and ‘Talegal Ahin’ confirm the existence of unique Self-compatible plant material in local germplasm from Spain that should be conserved and characterized for its use in breeding and research.
-
characterization and mapping of non s gametophytic Self Compatibility in sweet cherry prunus avium l
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011Co-Authors: Ariana M. Cachi, A. WünschAbstract:Self-inCompatibility in Prunus (Rosaceae) species, such as sweet cherry, is controlled by a multiallelic locus (S), in which two tightly linked genes, S-RNase and SFB (S haplotype-specific F-box), determine the specificity of the pollen and the style. Fertilization in these species occurs only if the S-specificities expressed in the pollen and the pistils are different. However, modifier genes have been proposed to be necessary for a full manifestation of the SelfinCompatibility response. ‘Cristobalina’ is a spontaneous Self-compatible sweet cherry cultivar that originated in Eastern Spain. Previous studies with this genotype suggested that pollen modifier gene(s), not linked to the S-locus, may be the cause of Self-inCompatibility breakdown. In this work, an F1 population from ‘Cristobalina’ that segregates for this trait was used to identify molecular markers linked to Self-Compatibility by bulked segregant analysis. One simple sequence repeat (SSR) locus (EMPaS02) was found to be linked to Self-Compatibility in this population at 3.2 cM. Two additional populations derived from ‘Cristobalina’ were used to confirm the linkage of this marker to Self-Compatibility. Since EMPaS02 has been mapped to the sweet cherry linkage group 3, other markers located on the same linkage group were analysed in these populations to confirm the location of the SelfCompatibility locus.
-
Self Compatibility in cristobalina sweet cherry is not associated with duplications or modified transcription levels of s locus genes
Plant Cell Reports, 2010Co-Authors: A. Wünsch, J I HormazaAbstract:Sweet cherry shows S-RNase-based gametophytic Self-inCompatibility, which prevents Self- and cross-fertilization between genetically related individuals. The specificity of the Self-incompatible reaction is determined by two genes located in the S-locus. These encode a pistil-expressed ribonuclease (S-RNase) that inhibits Self pollen tube growth, and a pollen-expressed F-box protein (SFB) that may be involved in the cytotoxicity of Self-S-RNases. Initial genetic and pollination studies in a Self-compatible sweet cherry cultivar, ‘Cristobalina’ (S3S6), showed that Self-Compatibility was caused by the loss of pollen function of both haplotypes (S3 and S6). In this study, we further characterize Self-Compatibility in this genotype by molecular analysis of the S-locus. DNA blot analyses using S-RNase and SFB probes show no duplications of ‘Cristobalina’ S-locus genes or differences in the restriction patterns when compared with Self-incompatible cultivars with the same S-genotype. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase-PCR of S-locus genes and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR of SFBs revealed no differences at the transcription level when compared with a Self-incompatible genotype. The results of this study show that no differences at the S-locus can be correlated with Self-Compatibility, indicating the possible involvement of non-S-locus modifiers in Self-inCompatibility breakdown in this cultivar.
Akira Sugiura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Characterization and cDNA Cloning for Sf-RNase, a Molecular Marker for Self-Compatibility, in Japanese Apricot (Prunus mume)
Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 2002Co-Authors: Tsuyoshi Habu, Hisayo Yamane, Akira SugiuraAbstract:Self-compatible cultivars of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) have a common S-RNase (Sf-RNase) gene that can be used as a molecular marker for Self-Compatibility. In this study, we further characterized Sf-RNase by comparing S-RNase of Self-compatible 'Kensaki' (SfSf) and Self-incompatible 'Nankou' (S1S7). cDNA libraries from the styles with stigmas of these two cultivars were constructed and cDNAs encoding Sf-, S1-, and S7-RNases were cloned. Deduced amino acid sequences from these cDNAs all contained two active domains of the T2/S type RNase family and five conserved regions of the rosaceous S-RNase. RNA blot analysis showed that the Sf-, S1-, and S7-RNase genes were transcribed in the pistil but not in the leaf as with other S-RNase genes of Prunus. Furthermore, 2D-PAGE analysis revealed that Sf-RNase has molecular mass, isoelectric point, and immunological characteristics similar to other S-RNase. These results indicate that the pollen-S gene that is supposedly tightly linked to the Sf-RNase gene may be responsible for the Self-Compatibility observed in the Sf-haplotype.
-
inheritance of sf rnase in japanese apricot prunus mume and its relation to Self Compatibility
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2002Co-Authors: Tsuyoshi Habu, Hisayo Yamane, A Namba, F Fuyuhiro, Kazuya Iwamoto, Akira SugiuraAbstract:Self-compatible cultivars of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Shieb. et Zucc.), a tree species that normally shows S-RNase-based Self-incompatiblity, have a horticultural advantage over Self-incompatible cultivars. Inheritance of Self-Compatibility and a common Sf-RNase allele that is observed in Self-compatible cultivars was investigated using progenies from controlled crosses. Total DNAs were isolated from the parents and progenies of seven crosses that included at least one Self-compatible cultivar as a parent. These DNAs were PCR-amplified with the Pru-C2 and PCE-R primer pair to determine S-haplotypes of the parents and progenies. A novel S-haplotype, S8, was found. In all crosses examined, the Sf-RNase gene was inherited from either the seed or pollen parent as a pistil S-allele in a non-functional S-haplotype. Self-Compatibility of about 20 trees each from reciprocal crosses of 'Benisashi (S7Sf)' and 'Shinpeidayu (S3Sf)', and 26 selections from 16 different crosses was tested by pollination and pollen-tube growth studies. Cosegregation of the Sf-RNase allele and Self-Compatibility was confirmed with all but selection 1K0-26 (S3S7). Selection 1K0-26 (S3S7) that originated from 'Benisashi (S7Sf)' × 'Koshinoume (S3Sf)' appeared to be Self-compatible even without the Sf-RNase allele. The possible role of pollen-S, a presumably existing pollen component of gametophytic Self-inCompatibility, is discussed.
-
molecular markers for Self Compatibility in japanese apricot prunus mume
Hortscience, 2000Co-Authors: Tsuyoshi Habu, Hisayo Yamane, Akira Sugiura, Kazuya IwamotoAbstract:Self-compatible cultivars of Japanese apricot ( Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) have a horticultural advantage over Self-incompatible ones because no pollinizer is required. Self-inCompatibility is gametophytic, as in other Prunus species. We searched for molecular markers to identify Self-compatible cultivars based on the information about S-ribonucleases (S-RNases) of other Prunus species. Total DNA isolated from five Self-incompatible and six Self-compatible cultivars were PCR-amplified by oligonucle- otide primers designed from conserved regions of Prunus S-RNases. Self-compatible cultivars exhibited a common band of ≈1.5 kbp. Self-compatible cultivars also showed a common band of ≈12.1 kbp when genomic DNA digested with HindIII was probed with the cDNA encoding S 2 -RNase of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). These results suggest that Self-compatible cultivars of Japanese apricot have a common S-RNase allele that can be used as a molecular marker for Self-Compatibility.
Annalisa Marchese - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a new Self Compatibility haplotype in the sweet cherry kronio s5 attributable to a pollen part mutation in the sfb gene
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2007Co-Authors: Annalisa Marchese, Radovan I Boskovic, T Caruso, Antonio Raimondo, Marcello Cutuli, K R TobuttAbstract:‘Kronio’ is a Sicilian cultivar of sweet cherry (Prunus avium), nominally with the inCompatibility genotype S 5 S 6 , that is reported to be naturally Self-compatible. In this work the cause of its Self-Compatibility was investigated. Test Selfing confirmed Self-Compatibility and provided embryos for analysis; PCR with consensus primers designed to amplify S-RNase and SFB alleles showed that the embryos were of two types, S 5 S 5 and S 5 S 6 , indicating that S 6 pollen failed, but S 5 succeeded, perhaps because of a mutation in the pollen or stylar component. Stylar RNase analysis indicated active S-RNases for both S 5 and S 6 . The S-RNase alleles were cloned and sequenced; and sequences encode functional proteins. Cloning and sequencing of SFB alleles showed that S 6 was normal but S 5 had a premature stop codon upstream of the variable region HVa resulting in a truncated protein. Therefore, the Self-Compatibility can be attributed to a pollen-part mutation of S 5 , designated S 5 ′, the first reported case of breakdown of Self-inCompatibility in diploid sweet cherry caused by a natural mutation at the S-locus. The second intron of the S-RNase associated with S 5 ′ contained a microsatellite smaller than that associated with S 5 ; primers designed to amplify across this microsatellite effectively distinguished S 5 from S 5 ′. Analysis of some other Sicilian cherries with these primers indicated that S 5 ′ is also present in the Sicilian cultivar ‘Maiolina a Rappu’, and this proved to be Self-compatible.