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J M Mckenzie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • borderline personality disorder in major depression symptomatology temperament character differential drug response and 6 month outcome
    Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2003
    Co-Authors: P R Joyce, S E Luty, R T Mulder, J M Mckenzie
    Abstract:

    Among 183 depressed patients participating in a randomized long-term treatment trial of fluoxetine and nortriptyline, 30 patients had borderline personality disorder (BPD), 53 had other personality disorders (OPD), and 100 had no personality disorders (NPD). The borderline depressed patients had earlier age of onset of their depressions, more chronic depressions, more alcohol and cannabis comorbidity, and were more likely to have histories of suicide attempts and of self-mutilation. On self-report, patients with BPD and OPD reported more phobic symptoms, greater interpersonal sensitivity, and more paranoid ideation. Uniquely, BPD patients were more angry than OPD patients. BPD patients had high novelty seeking, high harm avoidance, low Self-Directedness, and low cooperativeness. Depressed patients with BPD did poorly in the short term if treated with nortriptyline rather than fluoxetine. After 6 months, those with BPD had a favorable outcome in regard to depressive symptoms, social adjustment, and even improvement in the character measure of Self-Directedness. Those with the poorest outcome were those with OPD.

  • The relationship of dysfunctional attitudes to personality in depressed patients.
    Journal of Affective Disorders, 1999
    Co-Authors: S E Luty, P R Joyce, R T Mulder, P F Sullivan, J M Mckenzie
    Abstract:

    Abstract Aim : To examine the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and personality in depressed patients. Method : One hundred depressed patients completed both the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results : Scores on the DAS correlated with duration of depression, age of onset of depression, age, harm avoidance and Self-Directedness. In a multiple regression analysis three measures explained 45% of the DAS score. These were duration of depression, reward dependence and Self-Directedness. In both the univariate analyses and multiple regression the strongest predictor of dysfunctional attitudes was the character dimension of Self-Directedness. Conclusion : The character dimension of Self-Directedness in the TCI which assesses an individuals' self-concept, relates highly with the dysfunctional attitudes score on the DAS. Given that the TCI assesses personality within a broader framework of a psychobiologic and developmental model, Self-Directedness may have a wider application as a measure of self-concept than the DAS.

  • The relationship of dysfunctional attitudes to personality in depressed patients.
    Journal of affective disorders, 1999
    Co-Authors: S E Luty, P R Joyce, R T Mulder, P F Sullivan, J M Mckenzie
    Abstract:

    To examine the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and personality in depressed patients. One hundred depressed patients completed both the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Scores on the DAS correlated with duration of depression, age of onset of depression, age, harm avoidance and Self-Directedness. In a multiple regression analysis three measures explained 45% of the DAS score. These were duration of depression, reward dependence and Self-Directedness. In both the univariate analyses and multiple regression the strongest predictor of dysfunctional attitudes was the character dimension of Self-Directedness. The character dimension of Self-Directedness in the TCI which assesses an individuals' self-concept, relates highly with the dysfunctional attitudes score on the DAS. Given that the TCI assesses personality within a broader framework of a psychobiologic and developmental model, Self-Directedness may have a wider application as a measure of self-concept than the DAS.

Robert C Cloninger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • temperament and character profiles in bipolar i bipolar ii and major depressive disorder impact over illness course comorbidity pattern and psychopathological features of depression
    Journal of Affective Disorders, 2015
    Co-Authors: Daniel Souery, Julien Mendlewicz, Leonardo Zaninotto, Raffaella Calati, Marco Di Nicola, S A Montgomery, Siegfried Kasper, Joseph Zohar, Robert C Cloninger
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Studies comparing temperament and character traits between patients with mood disorders and healthy individuals have yielded variable results. Methods The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was administered to 101 bipolar I (BP-I), 96 bipolar II (BP-II), 123 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, and 125 HS. A series of generalized linear models were performed in order to: (a) compare the TCI dimensions across groups; (b) test any effect of the TCI dimensions on clinical features of mood disorders; and (c) detect any association between TCI dimensions and the psychopathological features of a major depressive episode. Demographic and clinical variables were also included in the models as independent variables. Results Higher Harm Avoidance was found in BP-II and MDD, but not in BP-I. Higher Self-Transcendence was found in BP-I. Our models also showed higher Self-Directedness in HS, either vs MDD or BP-II. No association was found between any TCI dimension and the severity of symptoms. Conversely, a positive association was found between Harm Avoidance and the overall burden of depressive episodes during lifetime. Limitations The cross-sectional design and the heterogeneity of the sample may be the main limitations of our study. Conclusion In general, our sample seems to support the view of a similar profile of temperament and character between MDD and BP-II, characterized by high Harm Avoidance and low Self-Directedness. In contrast, patients with BP-I only exhibit high Self-Transcendence, having a near-normal profile in terms of Harm Avoidance or Self-Directedness.

  • cloninger s temperament and character dimensions of personality in patients with major depressive disorder
    Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Feryal Cam Celikel, Samet Kose, Birgul Elbozan Cumurcu, Unal Erkorkmaz, Kemal Sayar, Jeffrey J Borckardt, Robert C Cloninger
    Abstract:

    In this present study, we examined the relationship between the Cloninger's dimensional psychobiologic model of personality and depression in an outpatient population with major depressive disorder. Eighty-one depressed outpatients (67 women, 14 men) and 51 healthy controls (35 women, 16 men) filled out the Turkish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Depression severity was evaluated by using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory. Depressed patients exhibited statistically significant higher scores for harm avoidance and lower scores for Self-Directedness compared to healthy controls. Sentimentality (RD1) and dependence (RD4) subscale scores of reward dependence and spiritual acceptance (ST3) subscale of self-transcendence were significantly higher; attachment (RD3) subscale of reward dependence, responsibility (SD1), purposefulness (SD2), resourcefulness (SD3), and congruent second nature (SD5) subscales of Self-Directedness were significantly lower in the depressed group. In the depressed patient group, main effects of sex were significant for reward dependence and cooperativeness; the scores of both dimensions were higher for women. The Beck Inventory was positively correlated with harm avoidance and negatively correlated with novelty seeking and Self-Directedness dimensions (P < .05). The duration of depression (16.33 +/- 20.18 months) or the mean onset age of depression (28.68 +/- 8.11 years) did not show significant correlations with TCI scales. This study confirms the relationship between harm avoidance and depression and suggests a relationship between Self-Directedness and depression.

  • temperament and character traits in major depressive disorder influence of mood state and recurrence of episodes
    Depression and Anxiety, 2009
    Co-Authors: Fabiano G Nery, John P Hatch, Mark Nicoletti, Serap E Monkul, Pablo Najt, Koji Matsuo, Robert C Cloninger
    Abstract:

    Background: The objective of this study was to compare personality traits between major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and healthy comparison subjects (HC) and examine if personality traits in patients are associated with specific clinical characteristics of the disorder. Methods: Sixty MDD patients (45 depressed, 15 remitted) were compared to 60 HC using the Temperament and Character Inventory. Analysis of covariance, with age and gender as covariates, was used to compare the mean Temperament and Character Inventory scores among the subject groups. Results: Depressed MDD patients scored significantly higher than HC on novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and self-transcendence and lower on reward dependence, Self-Directedness, and cooperativeness. Remitted MDD patients scored significantly lower than HC only on Self-Directedness. Comorbidity with anxiety disorder had a main effect only on harm avoidance. Harm avoidance was positively correlated with depression intensity and with number of episodes. Self-Directedness had an inverse correlation with depression intensity. Conclusions: MDD patients present a different personality profile from HC, and these differences are influenced by mood state and comorbid anxiety disorders. When considering patients who have been in remission for some time, the differences pertain to few personality dimensions. Cumulated number of depressive episodes may result in increased harm avoidance. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • assessment of personality dimensions in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder using the junior temperament and character inventory
    Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Rene L Olvera, Robert C Cloninger, John P Hatch, Mark Nicoletti, Manoela Fonseca, Sheila C Caetano, Kristina Hunter, Steven R Pliszka, Jair C Soares
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective: We compared temperament and character traits in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BP) and healthy control (HC) subjects. Method: Sixty nine subjects (38 BP and 31 HC), 8–17 years old, were assessed with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia–Present and Lifetime. Temperament and character traits were measured with parent and child versions of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Results: BP subjects scored higher on novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and fantasy subscales, and lower on reward dependence, persistence, Self-Directedness, and cooperativeness compared to HC (all p < 0.007), by child and parent reports. These findings were consistent in both children and adolescents. Higher parent-rated novelty seeking, lower Self-Directedness, and lower cooperativeness were associated with co-morbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Lower parent-rated reward dependence was associated with co-morbid conduct disorder, and higher ch...

S E Luty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • borderline personality disorder in major depression symptomatology temperament character differential drug response and 6 month outcome
    Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2003
    Co-Authors: P R Joyce, S E Luty, R T Mulder, J M Mckenzie
    Abstract:

    Among 183 depressed patients participating in a randomized long-term treatment trial of fluoxetine and nortriptyline, 30 patients had borderline personality disorder (BPD), 53 had other personality disorders (OPD), and 100 had no personality disorders (NPD). The borderline depressed patients had earlier age of onset of their depressions, more chronic depressions, more alcohol and cannabis comorbidity, and were more likely to have histories of suicide attempts and of self-mutilation. On self-report, patients with BPD and OPD reported more phobic symptoms, greater interpersonal sensitivity, and more paranoid ideation. Uniquely, BPD patients were more angry than OPD patients. BPD patients had high novelty seeking, high harm avoidance, low Self-Directedness, and low cooperativeness. Depressed patients with BPD did poorly in the short term if treated with nortriptyline rather than fluoxetine. After 6 months, those with BPD had a favorable outcome in regard to depressive symptoms, social adjustment, and even improvement in the character measure of Self-Directedness. Those with the poorest outcome were those with OPD.

  • The relationship of dysfunctional attitudes to personality in depressed patients.
    Journal of Affective Disorders, 1999
    Co-Authors: S E Luty, P R Joyce, R T Mulder, P F Sullivan, J M Mckenzie
    Abstract:

    Abstract Aim : To examine the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and personality in depressed patients. Method : One hundred depressed patients completed both the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results : Scores on the DAS correlated with duration of depression, age of onset of depression, age, harm avoidance and Self-Directedness. In a multiple regression analysis three measures explained 45% of the DAS score. These were duration of depression, reward dependence and Self-Directedness. In both the univariate analyses and multiple regression the strongest predictor of dysfunctional attitudes was the character dimension of Self-Directedness. Conclusion : The character dimension of Self-Directedness in the TCI which assesses an individuals' self-concept, relates highly with the dysfunctional attitudes score on the DAS. Given that the TCI assesses personality within a broader framework of a psychobiologic and developmental model, Self-Directedness may have a wider application as a measure of self-concept than the DAS.

  • The relationship of dysfunctional attitudes to personality in depressed patients.
    Journal of affective disorders, 1999
    Co-Authors: S E Luty, P R Joyce, R T Mulder, P F Sullivan, J M Mckenzie
    Abstract:

    To examine the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and personality in depressed patients. One hundred depressed patients completed both the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Scores on the DAS correlated with duration of depression, age of onset of depression, age, harm avoidance and Self-Directedness. In a multiple regression analysis three measures explained 45% of the DAS score. These were duration of depression, reward dependence and Self-Directedness. In both the univariate analyses and multiple regression the strongest predictor of dysfunctional attitudes was the character dimension of Self-Directedness. The character dimension of Self-Directedness in the TCI which assesses an individuals' self-concept, relates highly with the dysfunctional attitudes score on the DAS. Given that the TCI assesses personality within a broader framework of a psychobiologic and developmental model, Self-Directedness may have a wider application as a measure of self-concept than the DAS.

R T Mulder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • borderline personality disorder in major depression symptomatology temperament character differential drug response and 6 month outcome
    Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2003
    Co-Authors: P R Joyce, S E Luty, R T Mulder, J M Mckenzie
    Abstract:

    Among 183 depressed patients participating in a randomized long-term treatment trial of fluoxetine and nortriptyline, 30 patients had borderline personality disorder (BPD), 53 had other personality disorders (OPD), and 100 had no personality disorders (NPD). The borderline depressed patients had earlier age of onset of their depressions, more chronic depressions, more alcohol and cannabis comorbidity, and were more likely to have histories of suicide attempts and of self-mutilation. On self-report, patients with BPD and OPD reported more phobic symptoms, greater interpersonal sensitivity, and more paranoid ideation. Uniquely, BPD patients were more angry than OPD patients. BPD patients had high novelty seeking, high harm avoidance, low Self-Directedness, and low cooperativeness. Depressed patients with BPD did poorly in the short term if treated with nortriptyline rather than fluoxetine. After 6 months, those with BPD had a favorable outcome in regard to depressive symptoms, social adjustment, and even improvement in the character measure of Self-Directedness. Those with the poorest outcome were those with OPD.

  • The relationship of dysfunctional attitudes to personality in depressed patients.
    Journal of Affective Disorders, 1999
    Co-Authors: S E Luty, P R Joyce, R T Mulder, P F Sullivan, J M Mckenzie
    Abstract:

    Abstract Aim : To examine the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and personality in depressed patients. Method : One hundred depressed patients completed both the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results : Scores on the DAS correlated with duration of depression, age of onset of depression, age, harm avoidance and Self-Directedness. In a multiple regression analysis three measures explained 45% of the DAS score. These were duration of depression, reward dependence and Self-Directedness. In both the univariate analyses and multiple regression the strongest predictor of dysfunctional attitudes was the character dimension of Self-Directedness. Conclusion : The character dimension of Self-Directedness in the TCI which assesses an individuals' self-concept, relates highly with the dysfunctional attitudes score on the DAS. Given that the TCI assesses personality within a broader framework of a psychobiologic and developmental model, Self-Directedness may have a wider application as a measure of self-concept than the DAS.

  • The relationship of dysfunctional attitudes to personality in depressed patients.
    Journal of affective disorders, 1999
    Co-Authors: S E Luty, P R Joyce, R T Mulder, P F Sullivan, J M Mckenzie
    Abstract:

    To examine the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and personality in depressed patients. One hundred depressed patients completed both the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Scores on the DAS correlated with duration of depression, age of onset of depression, age, harm avoidance and Self-Directedness. In a multiple regression analysis three measures explained 45% of the DAS score. These were duration of depression, reward dependence and Self-Directedness. In both the univariate analyses and multiple regression the strongest predictor of dysfunctional attitudes was the character dimension of Self-Directedness. The character dimension of Self-Directedness in the TCI which assesses an individuals' self-concept, relates highly with the dysfunctional attitudes score on the DAS. Given that the TCI assesses personality within a broader framework of a psychobiologic and developmental model, Self-Directedness may have a wider application as a measure of self-concept than the DAS.

P R Joyce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • borderline personality disorder in major depression symptomatology temperament character differential drug response and 6 month outcome
    Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2003
    Co-Authors: P R Joyce, S E Luty, R T Mulder, J M Mckenzie
    Abstract:

    Among 183 depressed patients participating in a randomized long-term treatment trial of fluoxetine and nortriptyline, 30 patients had borderline personality disorder (BPD), 53 had other personality disorders (OPD), and 100 had no personality disorders (NPD). The borderline depressed patients had earlier age of onset of their depressions, more chronic depressions, more alcohol and cannabis comorbidity, and were more likely to have histories of suicide attempts and of self-mutilation. On self-report, patients with BPD and OPD reported more phobic symptoms, greater interpersonal sensitivity, and more paranoid ideation. Uniquely, BPD patients were more angry than OPD patients. BPD patients had high novelty seeking, high harm avoidance, low Self-Directedness, and low cooperativeness. Depressed patients with BPD did poorly in the short term if treated with nortriptyline rather than fluoxetine. After 6 months, those with BPD had a favorable outcome in regard to depressive symptoms, social adjustment, and even improvement in the character measure of Self-Directedness. Those with the poorest outcome were those with OPD.

  • The effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa on temperament and character as measured by the temperament and character inventory.
    Comprehensive psychiatry, 2002
    Co-Authors: Charles B. Anderson, P R Joyce, Frances A. Carter, Virginia V. Mcintosh, Cynthia M. Bulik
    Abstract:

    Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a successful treatment method for reducing symptomatology associated with bulimia nervosa (BN). Less is known regarding the impact of CBT on measures of temperament and character across treatment. We explore changes on the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) from pretreatment to 1-year follow-up in a sample of women with bulimia nervosa (BN). Ninety-one women who met DSM-III-R criteria for BN, completed pretreatment measures, and participated in a randomized clinical trial with a core treatment of CBT were available for follow-up at 1 year. Participants were assessed at pretreatment using the TCI as part of a larger assessment battery, and received eight sessions of CBT and eight sessions of exposure with response prevention or relaxation training. The TCI was readministered at the 1-year follow-up point. We compared TCI scores across the two administrations and explored the relation between clinical status at 1 year and TCI scores. Significant decreases in the TCI temperament scale of harm avoidance and increases in the character scale of Self-Directedness were observed between pretreatment and 1-year follow-up. Observed differences in these scales were independent of change in depression scores as well as other measures of therapeutic change (i.e., binge and purge frequency). We conclude that Self-Directedness and harm avoidance scores are positively affected by CBT. Higher scores on Self-Directedness not only predict treatment outcome for BN, but overall Self-Directedness is improved with CBT in women with BN. These results suggest that the elements of CBT affecting Self-Directedness may hold promise for enhancing the effectiveness of treatment for BN.

  • The relationship of dysfunctional attitudes to personality in depressed patients.
    Journal of Affective Disorders, 1999
    Co-Authors: S E Luty, P R Joyce, R T Mulder, P F Sullivan, J M Mckenzie
    Abstract:

    Abstract Aim : To examine the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and personality in depressed patients. Method : One hundred depressed patients completed both the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results : Scores on the DAS correlated with duration of depression, age of onset of depression, age, harm avoidance and Self-Directedness. In a multiple regression analysis three measures explained 45% of the DAS score. These were duration of depression, reward dependence and Self-Directedness. In both the univariate analyses and multiple regression the strongest predictor of dysfunctional attitudes was the character dimension of Self-Directedness. Conclusion : The character dimension of Self-Directedness in the TCI which assesses an individuals' self-concept, relates highly with the dysfunctional attitudes score on the DAS. Given that the TCI assesses personality within a broader framework of a psychobiologic and developmental model, Self-Directedness may have a wider application as a measure of self-concept than the DAS.

  • The relationship of dysfunctional attitudes to personality in depressed patients.
    Journal of affective disorders, 1999
    Co-Authors: S E Luty, P R Joyce, R T Mulder, P F Sullivan, J M Mckenzie
    Abstract:

    To examine the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and personality in depressed patients. One hundred depressed patients completed both the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Scores on the DAS correlated with duration of depression, age of onset of depression, age, harm avoidance and Self-Directedness. In a multiple regression analysis three measures explained 45% of the DAS score. These were duration of depression, reward dependence and Self-Directedness. In both the univariate analyses and multiple regression the strongest predictor of dysfunctional attitudes was the character dimension of Self-Directedness. The character dimension of Self-Directedness in the TCI which assesses an individuals' self-concept, relates highly with the dysfunctional attitudes score on the DAS. Given that the TCI assesses personality within a broader framework of a psychobiologic and developmental model, Self-Directedness may have a wider application as a measure of self-concept than the DAS.

  • temperament character and personality disorder in bulimia nervosa
    Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1995
    Co-Authors: Cynthia M. Bulik, P R Joyce, P F Sullivan, Frances A. Carter
    Abstract:

    In a sample of 76 women participating in a clinical treatment trial for bulimia nervosa, we examined the clinical differences between subjects with and without concurrent personality disorders and the ability of “Self-Directedness” (a character scale of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventor