The Experts below are selected from a list of 84 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Yutaka Gomita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characteristics of the Runway Model of Intracranial Self-Stimulation Behavior and Comparison with Other Motivated Behaviors
    Acta Medica Okayama, 2020
    Co-Authors: Satoru Esumi, Yutaka Gomita, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Yoichi Kawasaki, Toshiaki Sendo
    Abstract:

    Motivation incorporates several psychological aspects that produce reward-related and learning Behaviors. Although reward-related Behavior is reported to be mediated by the dopaminergic reward pathway, the involvement of dopaminergic systems in motivated Behavior has not been fully clarified. Several experimental methodologies for motivational Behavior have been reported, but pharmacological characteristics seem to vary among these methodologies. In this review, we attempt to summarize three main concepts:(1) the relationship of dopamine neuron physiology with motivated Behavior, (2) the pharmacological characteristics of the runway intracranial Self-Stimulation model, and (3) the Behavioral distinction of disparate motivated Behaviors.

  • Evaluation of motivational effects induced by intracranial Self-Stimulation Behavior.
    Acta Medica Okayama, 2010
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    In the runway model of intracranial self‑stimulation (ICSS experimentation the experimental animal is timed in running a fixed distance to depress a lever that releases electrical stimulation to an elec‑ trode implanted along its medial forebrain bundle. This ICSS has both a reward and a motivational component. Using the runway method and priming stimulation we designed an experimental method for directly measuring motivation. An assessment of pharmacological agents that are known to influ‑ ence motivational states was also undertaken. Using the experimental methods that we created we observed prominent changes in running speed when animals were exposed to methamphetamine and nicotine. According to these data the runway method employing intracranial self‑stimulation behav‑ ior may be useful for the evaluation of substances that act on motivation. We review the underlying neuropharmacological and anatomical functions associated with our experimental methods. We hope that this technique will be used to scientifically evaluate the impact of drugs and/or therapeutic inter‑ ventions on human motivation.

  • Nicotinic Acetylcholine α4β2 Receptor Regulates the Motivational Effect of Intracranial Self Stimulation Behavior in the Runway Method
    Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Kazuhiko Shibata, Katsuya Suemaru, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    Abstract Recently, it was demonstrated that the priming stimulation effect (PSE) of intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS) with the runway method can be used as a model system to study the motivation that contributes to specific Behaviors. It was postulated that these Behaviors could be used to compare the effects of various drugs on the mechanism of motivation. In the present study, the influences of nicotine, methyllycaconitine ( α 7 nicotine-receptor antagonist), and dihydro- β -erythroidine ( α 4 β 2 nicotine-receptor antagonist) on motivation were examined using the runway method for ICSS. Electrodes were implanted into the medial forebrain bundle of Wistar rats. The rats ran to the goal lever to get the reward (50 – 200 μ A, 0.2 ms, 60 Hz) and pretrial electric stimulation (priming stimulation) in the medial forebrain bundle was performed. The experiment measured the running time from the start box until the rat pressed the goal lever for the reward stimulation. Under these reward and priming stimulation conditions, nicotine (0.2 mg/kg) induced a significant increase in running speed. The nicotine receptor antagonist α 4 β 2 rather than α 7 showed a dose-dependent antagonistic action on the effect of nicotine on running speed. These results demonstrate that nicotine enhances the running speed towards the goal lever via α 4 β 2 nicotinic receptors and suggest that α 4 β 2 nicotinic receptors influence the brain mechanism of motivation.

  • Motivational effects of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of intracranial Self-Stimulation Behavior.
    Acta Medica Okayama, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Satoru Esumi, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    It is well known that priming stimulation promotes the motivational effects of intracranial Self-Stimulation(ICSS) Behavior. An experimental methodology using the runway method could separately study the reward and motivational effects of ICSS Behavior. In the present study, we examined the motivational effect of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of ICSS Behavior. Electrodes were implanted chronically into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in rats. A lever for stimulation of the MFB was set on the opposite side of the start box in the apparatus, and rats were trained to get a reward stimulation (50-200 microA, 0.2 ms, 60 Hz) of MFB when the goal lever was pressed. After the rats were trained to press the lever, a priming stimulation of the MFB was performed. After receiving the priming stimulation, rats were placed at the start box of the runway apparatus, and the running time duration until the goal lever was pressed was measured. Subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dose of 0.2mg/kg produced an increase in running speed to obtain the reward stimulation, and priming stimulation facilitated the motivational effect to obtain the electrical brain stimulation reward in the rats. These results suggest that nicotine significantly enhanced the motivational effect on ICSS Behavior as determined using the runway method. The runway method using priming stimulation of ICSS Behavior may become the new experimental methodology with which to measure the motivational effect of some drugs.

  • Effect of diazepam on the runway method using priming stimulation of intracranial self stimulation Behavior.
    Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    Intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS) Behavior is an experimental methodology to study reward and motivational effects. We have established a paradigm to evaluate enhancing motivation by drugs in the runway method using the priming stimulation of ICSS. In the present study, we investigated the effects of diazepam on the experimental extinction process of non-reinforcing reward and pre-trial electric priming stimulations in lateral hypothalamic Self-Stimulation. The extinction process in the runway method consisted of these 15 trials. Diazepam, an anti-anxiety drug, at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg (i.p.) delayed the extinction of running Behavior when priming stimulation was given. The GABAergic antagonist flumazenil at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (i.p.) totally prevented the effect of diazepam. These results demonstrate that diazepam delays the extinction of running Behavior on ICSS in the runway method and flumazenil, a GABAergic antagonist, eliminates the delayed effect of diazepam, that is, indicating that the delayed extinction effect of diazepam may be related to facillitation of motivation, which was promoted via the GABAergic system in the ICSS Behavior.

Hidenori Sagara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of motivational effects induced by intracranial Self-Stimulation Behavior.
    Acta Medica Okayama, 2010
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    In the runway model of intracranial self‑stimulation (ICSS experimentation the experimental animal is timed in running a fixed distance to depress a lever that releases electrical stimulation to an elec‑ trode implanted along its medial forebrain bundle. This ICSS has both a reward and a motivational component. Using the runway method and priming stimulation we designed an experimental method for directly measuring motivation. An assessment of pharmacological agents that are known to influ‑ ence motivational states was also undertaken. Using the experimental methods that we created we observed prominent changes in running speed when animals were exposed to methamphetamine and nicotine. According to these data the runway method employing intracranial self‑stimulation behav‑ ior may be useful for the evaluation of substances that act on motivation. We review the underlying neuropharmacological and anatomical functions associated with our experimental methods. We hope that this technique will be used to scientifically evaluate the impact of drugs and/or therapeutic inter‑ ventions on human motivation.

  • Nicotinic Acetylcholine α4β2 Receptor Regulates the Motivational Effect of Intracranial Self Stimulation Behavior in the Runway Method
    Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Kazuhiko Shibata, Katsuya Suemaru, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    Abstract Recently, it was demonstrated that the priming stimulation effect (PSE) of intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS) with the runway method can be used as a model system to study the motivation that contributes to specific Behaviors. It was postulated that these Behaviors could be used to compare the effects of various drugs on the mechanism of motivation. In the present study, the influences of nicotine, methyllycaconitine ( α 7 nicotine-receptor antagonist), and dihydro- β -erythroidine ( α 4 β 2 nicotine-receptor antagonist) on motivation were examined using the runway method for ICSS. Electrodes were implanted into the medial forebrain bundle of Wistar rats. The rats ran to the goal lever to get the reward (50 – 200 μ A, 0.2 ms, 60 Hz) and pretrial electric stimulation (priming stimulation) in the medial forebrain bundle was performed. The experiment measured the running time from the start box until the rat pressed the goal lever for the reward stimulation. Under these reward and priming stimulation conditions, nicotine (0.2 mg/kg) induced a significant increase in running speed. The nicotine receptor antagonist α 4 β 2 rather than α 7 showed a dose-dependent antagonistic action on the effect of nicotine on running speed. These results demonstrate that nicotine enhances the running speed towards the goal lever via α 4 β 2 nicotinic receptors and suggest that α 4 β 2 nicotinic receptors influence the brain mechanism of motivation.

  • Motivational effects of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of intracranial Self-Stimulation Behavior.
    Acta Medica Okayama, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Satoru Esumi, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    It is well known that priming stimulation promotes the motivational effects of intracranial Self-Stimulation(ICSS) Behavior. An experimental methodology using the runway method could separately study the reward and motivational effects of ICSS Behavior. In the present study, we examined the motivational effect of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of ICSS Behavior. Electrodes were implanted chronically into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in rats. A lever for stimulation of the MFB was set on the opposite side of the start box in the apparatus, and rats were trained to get a reward stimulation (50-200 microA, 0.2 ms, 60 Hz) of MFB when the goal lever was pressed. After the rats were trained to press the lever, a priming stimulation of the MFB was performed. After receiving the priming stimulation, rats were placed at the start box of the runway apparatus, and the running time duration until the goal lever was pressed was measured. Subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dose of 0.2mg/kg produced an increase in running speed to obtain the reward stimulation, and priming stimulation facilitated the motivational effect to obtain the electrical brain stimulation reward in the rats. These results suggest that nicotine significantly enhanced the motivational effect on ICSS Behavior as determined using the runway method. The runway method using priming stimulation of ICSS Behavior may become the new experimental methodology with which to measure the motivational effect of some drugs.

  • Effect of diazepam on the runway method using priming stimulation of intracranial self stimulation Behavior.
    Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    Intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS) Behavior is an experimental methodology to study reward and motivational effects. We have established a paradigm to evaluate enhancing motivation by drugs in the runway method using the priming stimulation of ICSS. In the present study, we investigated the effects of diazepam on the experimental extinction process of non-reinforcing reward and pre-trial electric priming stimulations in lateral hypothalamic Self-Stimulation. The extinction process in the runway method consisted of these 15 trials. Diazepam, an anti-anxiety drug, at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg (i.p.) delayed the extinction of running Behavior when priming stimulation was given. The GABAergic antagonist flumazenil at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (i.p.) totally prevented the effect of diazepam. These results demonstrate that diazepam delays the extinction of running Behavior on ICSS in the runway method and flumazenil, a GABAergic antagonist, eliminates the delayed effect of diazepam, that is, indicating that the delayed extinction effect of diazepam may be related to facillitation of motivation, which was promoted via the GABAergic system in the ICSS Behavior.

  • Motivational effect of nomifensine in the intracranial Self-Stimulation Behavior using a runway method.
    Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    : Intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS) Behavior is an experimental methodology to study reward and motivational effects. We have established a new paradigm to evaluate enhancing motivation by drugs in the runway method using the priming stimulation of ICSS. In the present study, we investigated the effects of nomifensine on the experimental extinction process of non-reinforcing reward and pre-trial electric priming stimulations in lateral hypothalamic Self-Stimulation. In this study, the experimental extinction process of the non-reinforcing reward means the experimental method of excluding reward effect in ICSS Behavior. The extinction process in the runway method consisted of these 15 trials. Nomifensine, an antidepressant drug, delayed the running speed of the extinction process at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (i.p.) compared with the vehicle alone. This result suggests that the delay in the running speed of the extinction process promotes a motivational effect in rats. Previously, priming stimulation in the runway method was found to affect motivational function of ICSS. Therefore, our findings suggest the possible application of nomifensine for improving motivation.

Joseph P. Huston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Differential sensitivity of the caudal and rostral nucleus accumbens to the rewarding effects of a H1-histaminergic receptor blocker as measured with place-preference and Self-Stimulation Behavior.
    Neuroscience, 1999
    Co-Authors: P. Zimmermann, Caroline Privou, Joseph P. Huston
    Abstract:

    Abstract A recent series of studies in rats has demonstrated positively reinforcing and memory enhancing effects following lesions of the nucleus tuberomammillaris, which is the only known source of neuronal histamine. The aim of the present experiments was to assess whether inhibition of histaminergic neurotransmission in the ventral striatum has positively reinforcing effects. In Experiment 1 rats with chronically-implanted cannulae were injected with the H1 receptor blocker d-(+)-chlorpheniramine at doses of 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μg into the rostral or caudal parts of the nucleus accumbens, a brain region known to be involved in reward-related processes. Immediately after the treatment the animals were placed into one of four restricted quadrants of a circular open field (closed corral) for a single conditioning trial. During the drug-free test for conditioned place preference, when a choice among the four quadrants was provided, those rats injected with 10.0 μg chlorpheniramine in the caudal nucleus accumbens spent more time in the treatment corral, indicative of a positively rewarding drug action. In Experiment 2 the question was posed whether injection of chlorpheniramine into the nucleus accumbens influences electrical Self-Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. For this purpose rats were chronically implanted with two bipolar electrodes aimed at the lateral-hypothalami and with two additional guide cannulae aimed either at the rostral or caudal nucleus accumbens. After having established reliable Self-Stimulation Behavior at one of the two electrode sites the animals were allowed to self-stimulate for one hour (baseline). Then they were unilaterally injected with 10.0 μg chlorpheniramine or vehicle and allowed to self-stimulate for another hour (test). On the next day the same procedure took place, except for the difference that the animals received an injection aimed at the hemisphere not treated so far. Animals treated with chlorpheniramine in the caudal and in the rostral nucleus accumbens displayed higher rates of ipsihemispheric Self-Stimulation Behavior. Moreover, the animals treated with the H1 receptor blocker in the caudal nucleus accumbens displayed higher rates of ipsihemispheric Self-Stimulation than those having received an injection in the rostral pole. Upon completion of this part of the experiment all animals received an additional intraperitoneal treatment with chlorpheniramine (20 mg/kg) or vehicle, respectively, and were tested in the same way described above. This treatment also resulted in an amplification of intracranial Self-Stimulation Behavior. These results support the hypothesis that histaminergic neurotransmission is involved in the inhibitory control of a central system subserving reward-related processes. The present data also further highlight the nucleus accumbens as functionally heterogenous along its rostrocaudal axis, with the caudal-shell subregion being more sensitive to antihistaminic induced reward than the rostral entity.

  • Lateralized Attenuation of Hypothalamic Self-Stimulation After Injecting Histamine Synthesis Blocker α-FMH Into the E2 Tuberomammillary Subnucleus
    Brain Research Bulletin, 1997
    Co-Authors: P. Zimmermann, Uwe Wagner, Caroline Privou, Joseph P. Huston
    Abstract:

    The tuberomammillary nucleus (TM), located in the posterior hypothalamic region, is the only known source of neuronal histamine. Unilateral lesions in the rostroventral part of this nucleus enhanced ipsihemispheric lateral hypothalamic Self-Stimulation Behavior, suggesting that this region exerts inhibitory control over the neuronal systems related to reward or reinforcement processes. To examine whether the amplification of reinforcing stimulation following lesions of histamine synthesizing neurons is indeed histamine mediated, we blocked histamine synthesis unilaterally by injection of 200 μg α-fluoromethylhistidine into the E2 region of the TM, and assessed the effects on electrical Self-Stimulation Behavior in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) of rats. Based on the finding that TM lesions facilitated such Self-Stimulation Behavior, we hypothesized that this treatment would have similar effects. Unexpectedly, there was a sharp decrease in the rate of ipsihemispheric lateral hypothalamic Self-Stimulation following the injection of α-FMH compared to the contralateral hemisphere of treated animals as well as compared to the vehicle group. Response rates were most strikingly attenuated 1 h postinjection, but remained low over the whole 7 days of testing. Opposite Behavioral effects of TM lesions and α-FMH application have been reported previously, and the effectiveness of α-FMH in reducing brain histamine levels is known to differ between brain regions. The fact that the α-FMH injection affected Self-Stimulation only in the ipsilateral hemisphere rules out an interpretation of the results in terms of unspecific effects of the treatment on arousal and other performance variables, and, instead, indicates a functional interaction with a subsystem linked to lateral hypothalamic reinforcement processes.

  • Unilateral lesion of dorsal hippocampus enhances reinforcing lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the contralateral hemisphere.
    Brain Research Bulletin, 1997
    Co-Authors: P. Zimmermann, Uwe Wagner, Joachim Krauth, Joseph P. Huston
    Abstract:

    Abstract Whereas convincing evidence exists for an important role of the hippocampus in mechanisms underlying memory and encoding of location in space, the contribution of the hippocampus to the system underlying central processes of reinforcement is less well established. Scattered data suggesting that hippocampal ablation increases the effectiveness of positive reinforcers have alternatively been interpretated in terms of general and unspecific Behavioral disinhibition, which results in higher levels of activity and rates of responding. In the present experiment, 22 Wistar rats were either given a neurotoxic or a sham lesion in the CA 1 region of the hippocampus, and the effect on lateral hypothalamic Self-Stimulation Behavior was assessed. To control for nonspecific performance effects rates of lever pressing were assessed ipsi- and contralateral to the lesioned hemisphere as well as under condition of extinction (current set to zero). Following the neurotoxic lesion the animals displayed significant higher rates of Self-Stimulation at the electrode sites in the hypothalamus situated contralateral but not ipsilateral to the hemisphere with the lesion compared with controls. The increase in Self-Stimulation commenced on the third day postlesion and was maintained over the 8 days of testing. The lesion did not change the animals’ Behavior under extinction. Thus, the hippocampal lesion led to an amplification of rewarding lateral hypothalamic Self-Stimulation Behavior, indicative of a lesion induced disinhibition of the brain’s reinforcement system.

Toshiaki Sendo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characteristics of the Runway Model of Intracranial Self-Stimulation Behavior and Comparison with Other Motivated Behaviors
    Acta Medica Okayama, 2020
    Co-Authors: Satoru Esumi, Yutaka Gomita, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Yoichi Kawasaki, Toshiaki Sendo
    Abstract:

    Motivation incorporates several psychological aspects that produce reward-related and learning Behaviors. Although reward-related Behavior is reported to be mediated by the dopaminergic reward pathway, the involvement of dopaminergic systems in motivated Behavior has not been fully clarified. Several experimental methodologies for motivational Behavior have been reported, but pharmacological characteristics seem to vary among these methodologies. In this review, we attempt to summarize three main concepts:(1) the relationship of dopamine neuron physiology with motivated Behavior, (2) the pharmacological characteristics of the runway intracranial Self-Stimulation model, and (3) the Behavioral distinction of disparate motivated Behaviors.

  • Evaluation of motivational effects induced by intracranial Self-Stimulation Behavior.
    Acta Medica Okayama, 2010
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    In the runway model of intracranial self‑stimulation (ICSS experimentation the experimental animal is timed in running a fixed distance to depress a lever that releases electrical stimulation to an elec‑ trode implanted along its medial forebrain bundle. This ICSS has both a reward and a motivational component. Using the runway method and priming stimulation we designed an experimental method for directly measuring motivation. An assessment of pharmacological agents that are known to influ‑ ence motivational states was also undertaken. Using the experimental methods that we created we observed prominent changes in running speed when animals were exposed to methamphetamine and nicotine. According to these data the runway method employing intracranial self‑stimulation behav‑ ior may be useful for the evaluation of substances that act on motivation. We review the underlying neuropharmacological and anatomical functions associated with our experimental methods. We hope that this technique will be used to scientifically evaluate the impact of drugs and/or therapeutic inter‑ ventions on human motivation.

  • Nicotinic Acetylcholine α4β2 Receptor Regulates the Motivational Effect of Intracranial Self Stimulation Behavior in the Runway Method
    Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Kazuhiko Shibata, Katsuya Suemaru, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    Abstract Recently, it was demonstrated that the priming stimulation effect (PSE) of intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS) with the runway method can be used as a model system to study the motivation that contributes to specific Behaviors. It was postulated that these Behaviors could be used to compare the effects of various drugs on the mechanism of motivation. In the present study, the influences of nicotine, methyllycaconitine ( α 7 nicotine-receptor antagonist), and dihydro- β -erythroidine ( α 4 β 2 nicotine-receptor antagonist) on motivation were examined using the runway method for ICSS. Electrodes were implanted into the medial forebrain bundle of Wistar rats. The rats ran to the goal lever to get the reward (50 – 200 μ A, 0.2 ms, 60 Hz) and pretrial electric stimulation (priming stimulation) in the medial forebrain bundle was performed. The experiment measured the running time from the start box until the rat pressed the goal lever for the reward stimulation. Under these reward and priming stimulation conditions, nicotine (0.2 mg/kg) induced a significant increase in running speed. The nicotine receptor antagonist α 4 β 2 rather than α 7 showed a dose-dependent antagonistic action on the effect of nicotine on running speed. These results demonstrate that nicotine enhances the running speed towards the goal lever via α 4 β 2 nicotinic receptors and suggest that α 4 β 2 nicotinic receptors influence the brain mechanism of motivation.

  • Motivational effects of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of intracranial Self-Stimulation Behavior.
    Acta Medica Okayama, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Satoru Esumi, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    It is well known that priming stimulation promotes the motivational effects of intracranial Self-Stimulation(ICSS) Behavior. An experimental methodology using the runway method could separately study the reward and motivational effects of ICSS Behavior. In the present study, we examined the motivational effect of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of ICSS Behavior. Electrodes were implanted chronically into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in rats. A lever for stimulation of the MFB was set on the opposite side of the start box in the apparatus, and rats were trained to get a reward stimulation (50-200 microA, 0.2 ms, 60 Hz) of MFB when the goal lever was pressed. After the rats were trained to press the lever, a priming stimulation of the MFB was performed. After receiving the priming stimulation, rats were placed at the start box of the runway apparatus, and the running time duration until the goal lever was pressed was measured. Subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dose of 0.2mg/kg produced an increase in running speed to obtain the reward stimulation, and priming stimulation facilitated the motivational effect to obtain the electrical brain stimulation reward in the rats. These results suggest that nicotine significantly enhanced the motivational effect on ICSS Behavior as determined using the runway method. The runway method using priming stimulation of ICSS Behavior may become the new experimental methodology with which to measure the motivational effect of some drugs.

  • Effect of diazepam on the runway method using priming stimulation of intracranial self stimulation Behavior.
    Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    Intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS) Behavior is an experimental methodology to study reward and motivational effects. We have established a paradigm to evaluate enhancing motivation by drugs in the runway method using the priming stimulation of ICSS. In the present study, we investigated the effects of diazepam on the experimental extinction process of non-reinforcing reward and pre-trial electric priming stimulations in lateral hypothalamic Self-Stimulation. The extinction process in the runway method consisted of these 15 trials. Diazepam, an anti-anxiety drug, at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg (i.p.) delayed the extinction of running Behavior when priming stimulation was given. The GABAergic antagonist flumazenil at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (i.p.) totally prevented the effect of diazepam. These results demonstrate that diazepam delays the extinction of running Behavior on ICSS in the runway method and flumazenil, a GABAergic antagonist, eliminates the delayed effect of diazepam, that is, indicating that the delayed extinction effect of diazepam may be related to facillitation of motivation, which was promoted via the GABAergic system in the ICSS Behavior.

Yoshihisa Kitamura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characteristics of the Runway Model of Intracranial Self-Stimulation Behavior and Comparison with Other Motivated Behaviors
    Acta Medica Okayama, 2020
    Co-Authors: Satoru Esumi, Yutaka Gomita, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Yoichi Kawasaki, Toshiaki Sendo
    Abstract:

    Motivation incorporates several psychological aspects that produce reward-related and learning Behaviors. Although reward-related Behavior is reported to be mediated by the dopaminergic reward pathway, the involvement of dopaminergic systems in motivated Behavior has not been fully clarified. Several experimental methodologies for motivational Behavior have been reported, but pharmacological characteristics seem to vary among these methodologies. In this review, we attempt to summarize three main concepts:(1) the relationship of dopamine neuron physiology with motivated Behavior, (2) the pharmacological characteristics of the runway intracranial Self-Stimulation model, and (3) the Behavioral distinction of disparate motivated Behaviors.

  • Nicotinic Acetylcholine α4β2 Receptor Regulates the Motivational Effect of Intracranial Self Stimulation Behavior in the Runway Method
    Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Kazuhiko Shibata, Katsuya Suemaru, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    Abstract Recently, it was demonstrated that the priming stimulation effect (PSE) of intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS) with the runway method can be used as a model system to study the motivation that contributes to specific Behaviors. It was postulated that these Behaviors could be used to compare the effects of various drugs on the mechanism of motivation. In the present study, the influences of nicotine, methyllycaconitine ( α 7 nicotine-receptor antagonist), and dihydro- β -erythroidine ( α 4 β 2 nicotine-receptor antagonist) on motivation were examined using the runway method for ICSS. Electrodes were implanted into the medial forebrain bundle of Wistar rats. The rats ran to the goal lever to get the reward (50 – 200 μ A, 0.2 ms, 60 Hz) and pretrial electric stimulation (priming stimulation) in the medial forebrain bundle was performed. The experiment measured the running time from the start box until the rat pressed the goal lever for the reward stimulation. Under these reward and priming stimulation conditions, nicotine (0.2 mg/kg) induced a significant increase in running speed. The nicotine receptor antagonist α 4 β 2 rather than α 7 showed a dose-dependent antagonistic action on the effect of nicotine on running speed. These results demonstrate that nicotine enhances the running speed towards the goal lever via α 4 β 2 nicotinic receptors and suggest that α 4 β 2 nicotinic receptors influence the brain mechanism of motivation.

  • Motivational effects of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of intracranial Self-Stimulation Behavior.
    Acta Medica Okayama, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Satoru Esumi, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    It is well known that priming stimulation promotes the motivational effects of intracranial Self-Stimulation(ICSS) Behavior. An experimental methodology using the runway method could separately study the reward and motivational effects of ICSS Behavior. In the present study, we examined the motivational effect of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of ICSS Behavior. Electrodes were implanted chronically into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in rats. A lever for stimulation of the MFB was set on the opposite side of the start box in the apparatus, and rats were trained to get a reward stimulation (50-200 microA, 0.2 ms, 60 Hz) of MFB when the goal lever was pressed. After the rats were trained to press the lever, a priming stimulation of the MFB was performed. After receiving the priming stimulation, rats were placed at the start box of the runway apparatus, and the running time duration until the goal lever was pressed was measured. Subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dose of 0.2mg/kg produced an increase in running speed to obtain the reward stimulation, and priming stimulation facilitated the motivational effect to obtain the electrical brain stimulation reward in the rats. These results suggest that nicotine significantly enhanced the motivational effect on ICSS Behavior as determined using the runway method. The runway method using priming stimulation of ICSS Behavior may become the new experimental methodology with which to measure the motivational effect of some drugs.

  • Effect of diazepam on the runway method using priming stimulation of intracranial self stimulation Behavior.
    Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    Intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS) Behavior is an experimental methodology to study reward and motivational effects. We have established a paradigm to evaluate enhancing motivation by drugs in the runway method using the priming stimulation of ICSS. In the present study, we investigated the effects of diazepam on the experimental extinction process of non-reinforcing reward and pre-trial electric priming stimulations in lateral hypothalamic Self-Stimulation. The extinction process in the runway method consisted of these 15 trials. Diazepam, an anti-anxiety drug, at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg (i.p.) delayed the extinction of running Behavior when priming stimulation was given. The GABAergic antagonist flumazenil at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (i.p.) totally prevented the effect of diazepam. These results demonstrate that diazepam delays the extinction of running Behavior on ICSS in the runway method and flumazenil, a GABAergic antagonist, eliminates the delayed effect of diazepam, that is, indicating that the delayed extinction effect of diazepam may be related to facillitation of motivation, which was promoted via the GABAergic system in the ICSS Behavior.

  • Motivational effect of nomifensine in the intracranial Self-Stimulation Behavior using a runway method.
    Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hidenori Sagara, Toshiaki Sendo, Hiroaki Araki, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Yutaka Gomita
    Abstract:

    : Intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS) Behavior is an experimental methodology to study reward and motivational effects. We have established a new paradigm to evaluate enhancing motivation by drugs in the runway method using the priming stimulation of ICSS. In the present study, we investigated the effects of nomifensine on the experimental extinction process of non-reinforcing reward and pre-trial electric priming stimulations in lateral hypothalamic Self-Stimulation. In this study, the experimental extinction process of the non-reinforcing reward means the experimental method of excluding reward effect in ICSS Behavior. The extinction process in the runway method consisted of these 15 trials. Nomifensine, an antidepressant drug, delayed the running speed of the extinction process at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (i.p.) compared with the vehicle alone. This result suggests that the delay in the running speed of the extinction process promotes a motivational effect in rats. Previously, priming stimulation in the runway method was found to affect motivational function of ICSS. Therefore, our findings suggest the possible application of nomifensine for improving motivation.