The Experts below are selected from a list of 3225 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
M Kaproth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bovine viral diarrhea virus is inactivated when whole milk from persistently infected cows is heated to prepare Semen extender.
Veterinary Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: M S D Marley, J M Tabor, M D Givens, M Kaproth, K P Riddell, P K Galik, Y Zhang, A B EasonAbstract:Abstract Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) can be present in cryopreserved bovine Semen and be transmitted through artificial insemination. Because BVDV can be shed in milk, the virus might also be introduced as a contaminant of milk-based Semen Extenders. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic risk of using heated, BVDV-contaminated milk to prepare Semen extender. Milk was obtained from cows free of and persistently infected (PI) with BVDV. Six replicates of milk samples were processed by heating (85–92.2 °C, 10 min). Samples of milk collected before and after heating were assayed for BVDV. Additionally, milk was injected intravenously into eight BVDV seronegative calves to monitor for seroconversion and viral infection. Virus was not detected in any milk samples from negative animals. Virus was consistently isolated from unheated milk samples from PI cows by passage of somatic cells, ultracentrifugation, and animal inoculation. Virus was usually detected in these samples by RT-nPCR (reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction). In heated milk samples from PI cows, no infectious BVDV was detected using any technique, but viral RNA was detected using RT-nPCR in four of six replicates. Bovine viral diarrhea virus in milk from PI cows was inactivated by heating. Therefore, properly heated milk used in Semen Extenders will not result in transmission of infectious BVDV. Although RT-nPCR detected the presence of viral RNA in milk samples after heating, the virus was not infectious as demonstrated by lack of replication despite using multiple sensitive techniques.
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Bovine viral diarrhea virus is inactivated when whole milk from persistently infected cows is heated to prepare Semen extender.
Veterinary microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: M S D Marley, J M Tabor, M D Givens, M Kaproth, K P Riddell, P K Galik, Y Zhang, A B EasonAbstract:Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) can be present in cryopreserved bovine Semen and be transmitted through artificial insemination. Because BVDV can be shed in milk, the virus might also be introduced as a contaminant of milk-based Semen Extenders. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic risk of using heated, BVDV-contaminated milk to prepare Semen extender. Milk was obtained from cows free of and persistently infected (PI) with BVDV. Six replicates of milk samples were processed by heating (85-92.2 degrees C, 10min). Samples of milk collected before and after heating were assayed for BVDV. Additionally, milk was injected intravenously into eight BVDV seronegative calves to monitor for seroconversion and viral infection. Virus was not detected in any milk samples from negative animals. Virus was consistently isolated from unheated milk samples from PI cows by passage of somatic cells, ultracentrifugation, and animal inoculation. Virus was usually detected in these samples by RT-nPCR (reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction). In heated milk samples from PI cows, no infectious BVDV was detected using any technique, but viral RNA was detected using RT-nPCR in four of six replicates. Bovine viral diarrhea virus in milk from PI cows was inactivated by heating. Therefore, properly heated milk used in Semen Extenders will not result in transmission of infectious BVDV. Although RT-nPCR detected the presence of viral RNA in milk samples after heating, the virus was not infectious as demonstrated by lack of replication despite using multiple sensitive techniques.
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categorical data analysis of the effect on bull fertility of butylated hydroxytoluene addition to Semen Extenders prior to freezing
Journal of Dairy Science, 1994Co-Authors: M Kaproth, Sharon H Anderson, W Harkness, Y Akin, Gary J KillianAbstract:Abstract Butylated hydroxytoluene is an anti-oxidant that has antiviral properties and sustains sperm viability during freezing and thawing. A field trial involving 11 bulls and 19,000 AI was conducted to determine whether addition of .5m M butylated hydroxytoluene to whole milk extender during seminal processing affected bull fertility as estimated by non-return rates generated by cows bred to the bulls. Effects of bull, batch of Semen nested within bull, treatment, and month of AI were studied. Nonreturn rates were recorded for each month for every bull, batch of Semen (ejaculates pooled on a given day), and treatment combination. Because some bulls had M butylated hydroxytoluene to whole milk extender during Semen processing did not affect bull nonreturn rates.
Marco De Ambrogi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of storage in short and long term commercial Semen Extenders on the motility plasma membrane and chromatin integrity of boar spermatozoa
International Journal of Andrology, 2006Co-Authors: Margareta Wallgren, Marco De Ambrogi, Juan Ballester, F Saravia, I Caballero, A Johannisson, M Andersson, Heriberto RodriguezmartinezAbstract:Summary For artificial insemination (AI) in pigs, preservation of liquid boar Semen at 16‐20 � C is still common practice as sperm cryopreservation remains suboptimal in this species. To meet the different needs of the swine industry, several Extenders have been developed to preserve Semen in liquid form for short- and long-term storage. In the present study, three different commercial Extenders devised for short-term (BTS+) or long-term preservation (MR-A and X-Cell), were used to test whether storage of Semen from four mature, fertile boars at 17 � C for 96 h would affect sperm characteristics relevant for fertility, such as motility, membrane integrity and chromatin stability. Computer-assisted sperm analysis, and stainings with the acylated membrane dye SYBR-14/propidium iodide, and acridine orange in connection with flow cytometry were used to evaluate these variables. Percentages of total motile spermatozoa decreased slightly, but significantly, after 72‐96 h. While membrane integrity values varied during the period of study, no significant changes in either membrane integrity or chromatin stability were, however, registered. This suggests a customary 96-day storage at 17 � C in these Extenders was too short an interval to cause losses of integrity in nuclear DNA in the boar population studied.
J M Morrell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sperm Quality during Storage Is Not Affected by the Presence of Antibiotics in EquiPlus Semen Extender but Is Improved by Single Layer Centrifugation
The Journal of Antibiotics, 2017Co-Authors: Ziyad Al-kass, Christine Aurich, Joachim Spergser, Juliane Kuhl, Kathrin Schmidt, Anders Johannisson, J M MorrellAbstract:Contamination of Semen with bacteria arises during Semen collection and handling. This bacterial contamination is typically controlled by adding antibiotics to Semen Extenders but intensive usage of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance and may be detrimental to sperm quality. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of antibiotics in a Semen extender on sperm quality and to investigate the effects of removal of bacteria by modified Single Layer Centrifugation (MSLC) through a colloid. Semen was collected from six adult pony stallions (three ejaculates per male). Aliquots of extended Semen were used for MSLC with Equicoll, resulting in four treatment groups: control and MSLC in extender with antibiotics (CA and SA, respectively); control and MSLC in extender without antibiotics (CW and SW, respectively). Sperm motility, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and chromatin integrity were evaluated daily by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry. There were no differences in sperm quality between CA and CW, or between SA and SW, although progressive motility was negatively correlated to total bacterial counts at 0 h. However, MSLC groups showed higher mean total motility (P < 0.001), progressive motility (P < 0.05), membrane integrity (P < 0.0001) and mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.05), as well as better chromatin integrity (P < 0.05), than controls. Sperm quality remained higher in the MSLC groups than controls throughout storage. These results indicate that sperm quality was not adversely affected by the presence of antibiotics but was improved considerably by MSLC.
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alternatives to antibiotics in Semen Extenders a review
Pathogenetics, 2014Co-Authors: J M Morrell, Margareta WallgrenAbstract:Antibiotics are added to Semen Extenders to be used for artificial insemination (AI) in livestock breeding to control bacterial contamination in Semen arising during collection and processing. The antibiotics to be added and their concentrations for Semen for international trade are specified by government directives. Since the animal production industry uses large quantities of Semen for artificial insemination, large amounts of antibiotics are currently used in Semen Extenders. Possible alternatives to antibiotics are discussed, including physical removal of the bacteria during Semen processing, as well as the development of novel antimicrobials. Colloid centrifugation, particularly Single Layer Centrifugation, when carried out with a strict aseptic technique, offers a feasible method for reducing bacterial contamination in Semen and is a practical method for Semen processing laboratories to adopt. However, none of these alternatives to antibiotics should replace strict attention to hygiene during Semen collection and handling.
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removal of bacteria from boar ejaculates by single layer centrifugation can reduce the use of antibiotics in Semen Extenders
Animal Reproduction Science, 2011Co-Authors: J M Morrell, M WallgrenAbstract:Abstract There is considerable interest world-wide in reducing the use of antibiotics to stem the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. An alternative to the routine addition of antibiotics to Semen Extenders in livestock breeding would be to separate the spermatozoa from bacterial contaminants in the Semen immediately after collection. The present study was designed to determine whether such separation was possible by Single Layer Centrifugation (SLC) using the colloid Androcoll™-P. The results showed that complete removal (6 out of 10 samples), or considerable reduction of bacterial contaminants (4 out of 10 samples) was possible with this method. The type of bacteria and/or the length of time between collection and SLC-processing affected the removal of bacteria, with motile flagellated bacteria being more likely to be present after SLC than non-flagellated bacteria. Although further studies are necessary, these preliminary results suggest that the use of SLC when processing boar Semen for AI doses might enable antibiotic usage in Semen Extenders to be reduced.
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Effect of Semen extender and density gradient centrifugation on the motility and fertility of turkey spermatozoa.
Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2005Co-Authors: J M Morrell, B. Persson, H. Tjellström, A Laessker, H. Nilsson, M Danilova, P.v. HolmesAbstract:Contents In the absence of commercially viable methods for cryopreserving turkey spermatozoa, new processing methods are required to extend the functional life of stored turkey spermatozoa for artificial insemination. The present study evaluates the efficacy of a new extender (Turkey Semen Extend) and investigates the use of density gradient centrifugation in processing turkey spermatozoa for artificial insemination. The new extender is compared with two commercially available turkey Semen Extenders, Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender and Ovodyl. Turkey spermatozoa in Turkey Semen Extend were still motile 20 h after collection, representing a considerable improvement over the other Semen Extenders (40%, 0% and 8% for Turkey Semen Extend, Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender and Ovodyl, respectively). A field trial on a commercial turkey farm showed improved fertilization rates following insemination of turkey hens with Semen extended in Turkey Semen Extend (89.7%) compared with Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (86.9%). This difference is statistically significant (p
Heriberto Rodriguezmartinez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of storage in short and long term commercial Semen Extenders on the motility plasma membrane and chromatin integrity of boar spermatozoa
International Journal of Andrology, 2006Co-Authors: Margareta Wallgren, Marco De Ambrogi, Juan Ballester, F Saravia, I Caballero, A Johannisson, M Andersson, Heriberto RodriguezmartinezAbstract:Summary For artificial insemination (AI) in pigs, preservation of liquid boar Semen at 16‐20 � C is still common practice as sperm cryopreservation remains suboptimal in this species. To meet the different needs of the swine industry, several Extenders have been developed to preserve Semen in liquid form for short- and long-term storage. In the present study, three different commercial Extenders devised for short-term (BTS+) or long-term preservation (MR-A and X-Cell), were used to test whether storage of Semen from four mature, fertile boars at 17 � C for 96 h would affect sperm characteristics relevant for fertility, such as motility, membrane integrity and chromatin stability. Computer-assisted sperm analysis, and stainings with the acylated membrane dye SYBR-14/propidium iodide, and acridine orange in connection with flow cytometry were used to evaluate these variables. Percentages of total motile spermatozoa decreased slightly, but significantly, after 72‐96 h. While membrane integrity values varied during the period of study, no significant changes in either membrane integrity or chromatin stability were, however, registered. This suggests a customary 96-day storage at 17 � C in these Extenders was too short an interval to cause losses of integrity in nuclear DNA in the boar population studied.
I Caballero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of storage in short and long term commercial Semen Extenders on the motility plasma membrane and chromatin integrity of boar spermatozoa
International Journal of Andrology, 2006Co-Authors: Margareta Wallgren, Marco De Ambrogi, Juan Ballester, F Saravia, I Caballero, A Johannisson, M Andersson, Heriberto RodriguezmartinezAbstract:Summary For artificial insemination (AI) in pigs, preservation of liquid boar Semen at 16‐20 � C is still common practice as sperm cryopreservation remains suboptimal in this species. To meet the different needs of the swine industry, several Extenders have been developed to preserve Semen in liquid form for short- and long-term storage. In the present study, three different commercial Extenders devised for short-term (BTS+) or long-term preservation (MR-A and X-Cell), were used to test whether storage of Semen from four mature, fertile boars at 17 � C for 96 h would affect sperm characteristics relevant for fertility, such as motility, membrane integrity and chromatin stability. Computer-assisted sperm analysis, and stainings with the acylated membrane dye SYBR-14/propidium iodide, and acridine orange in connection with flow cytometry were used to evaluate these variables. Percentages of total motile spermatozoa decreased slightly, but significantly, after 72‐96 h. While membrane integrity values varied during the period of study, no significant changes in either membrane integrity or chromatin stability were, however, registered. This suggests a customary 96-day storage at 17 � C in these Extenders was too short an interval to cause losses of integrity in nuclear DNA in the boar population studied.
