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Jorma Toppari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Semen Quality in the 21st century.
Nature reviews. Urology, 2017Co-Authors: Helena E. Virtanen, Niels Jorgensen, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Semen Quality in young men has been declining, and shows geographical, as well as temporal, variation. Several aspects of modern life, including lifestyle and environmental factors, stress, and exposure to endocrine disruptors and radiation, could be contributing to these trends. In this Review, the authors describe how Semen Quality is changing in the 21stcentury, and consider how we can best identify and avoid the underlying causes. Although Semen Quality is an important determinant of fertility, defining clear thresholds for normal ranges has proven difficult. According to 'time to pregnancy' studies, fecundity starts to decline when sperm concentrations fall below 30–55 × 106/ml, whereas the WHO criterion for normal values is currently 15 × 106/ml. Multiple studies over the past 15 years have reported median sperm concentrations of 41–55 × 106/ml in young men (mean age 18–21 years) from the general population, suggesting that many of them have suboptimal Semen Quality. Sperm numbers remain fairly constant between 19 and 29 years of age, which points to the importance of developmental effects. Discussion on whether population Semen Quality has declined has continued for decades, as regional differences in trends have been noted. The reasons for poor Semen Quality and adverse trends are not well established, but some associations suggest a causal relationship, for example, with maternal smoking during pregnancy. The role of chemical exposures leading to endocrine disruption and detrimental reproductive effects has been in the focus of research during the past 20 years. Identification of exposures that affect fertility could provide opportunities for effective prevention of reproductive health problems.
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Semen Quality and reproductive hormone levels in men from southern spain
International Journal of Andrology, 2012Co-Authors: Mariana F. Fernández, C Avivar, I Duran, Nicolás Olea, Niels E Skakkebaek, Matti Vierula, Jorma Toppari, N. JorgensenAbstract:In North European countries, a significant difference in Semen Quality among young men has been shown. Men from the western countries, Denmark, Germany and Norway, have lower Semen Quality than men from the eastern countries Finland, Estonia and Lithuania. Similarly, men in the western countries have a higher risk of testicular cancer. According to the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) concept that suggests a link between risk of impaired Semen Quality and increased risk of testicular cancer, Spanish men would be expected to have a Semen Quality at a normal level because of their very low testis cancer risk. We therefore investigated 273 men from the Almeria region in the Southern Spain to test this hypothesis. The men delivered Semen samples, underwent physical examinations, had a blood sample drawn and provided information on lifestyle and reproductive health parameters. The investigations took place from November 2001 to December 2002. Adjusting for effects of confounders, the median sperm concentration and total sperm count were 62 (95% confidence interval 47–82) million/mL and 206 (153–278) million, respectively. The median numbers of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa assessed according to strict criteria were 59% (57–62%) and 9.4% (8.6–10.0%), respectively. The median total testosterone and calculated free androgen index were 28 nm (26–30) and 95 (88–103), respectively. Assuming that the investigated men, to a large extent, are representative of the population of young men the Southern Spain, the results show that these have normal Semen Quality and reproductive hormone levels as expected in a population with a low incidence of testicular cancer.
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recent adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer incidence among finnish men
International Journal of Andrology, 2011Co-Authors: Niels Jorgensen, Rune Jacobsen, Helena E. Virtanen, Antti Perheentupa, Niels E Skakkebaek, Matti Vierula, Eero Pukkala, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Impaired Semen Quality and testicular cancer may be linked through a testicular dysgenesis syndrome of foetal origin. The incidence of testis cancer has been shown to increase among Finnish men, whereas there is no recent publication describing temporal trends in Semen Quality. Therefore, we carried out a prospective Semen Quality study and a registry study of testis cancer incidence among Finnish men to explore recent trends. A total of 858 men were investigated in the Semen Quality study during 1998–2006. Median sperm concentrations were 67 (95% CI 57–80) million/mL, 60 (51–71) and 48 (39–60) for birth cohorts 1979–81, 1982–83 and 1987; total sperm counts 227 (189–272) million, 202 (170–240) and 165 (132–207); total number of morphologically normal spermatozoa 18 (14–23) million, 15 (12–19) and 11 (8–15). Men aged 10–59 years at the time of diagnosis with testicular cancer during 1954–2008 were included in the registry study, which confirmed the increasing incidence of testicular cancer in recent cohorts. These simultaneous and rapidly occurring adverse trends suggest that the underlying causes are environmental and, as such, preventable. Our findings necessitate not only further surveillance of male reproductive health but also research to detect and remove the underlying factors.
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Recent adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer incidence among Finnish men: Adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer among Finnish men
International Journal of Andrology, 2011Co-Authors: Niels Jorgensen, Rune Jacobsen, Helena E. Virtanen, Antti Perheentupa, Niels E Skakkebaek, Matti Vierula, Eero Pukkala, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Impaired Semen Quality and testicular cancer may be linked through a testicular dysgenesis syndrome of foetal origin. The incidence of testis cancer has been shown to increase among Finnish men, whereas there is no recent publication describing temporal trends in Semen Quality. Therefore, we carried out a prospective Semen Quality study and a registry study of testis cancer incidence among Finnish men to explore recent trends. A total of 858 men were investigated in the Semen Quality study during 1998–2006. Median sperm concentrations were 67 (95% CI 57–80) million/mL, 60 (51–71) and 48 (39–60) for birth cohorts 1979–81, 1982–83 and 1987; total sperm counts 227 (189–272) million, 202 (170–240) and 165 (132–207); total number of morphologically normal spermatozoa 18 (14–23) million, 15 (12–19) and 11 (8–15). Men aged 10–59 years at the time of diagnosis with testicular cancer during 1954–2008 were included in the registry study, which confirmed the increasing incidence of testicular cancer in recent cohorts. These simultaneous and rapidly occurring adverse trends suggest that the underlying causes are environmental and, as such, preventable. Our findings necessitate not only further surveillance of male reproductive health but also research to detect and remove the underlying factors.
Niels Jorgensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Semen Quality in hypogonadal acromegalic patients.
Pituitary, 2019Co-Authors: Mikkel Andreassen, Anders Juul, Ulla Feldt-rasmussen, Niels JorgensenAbstract:Growth hormone (GH) activity might be implicated in male reproductive function. One previous study has suggested significantly reduced Semen Quality in untreated acromegalic patients due to both reduced sperm counts and sperm motility. A retrospective study comprising ten uncontrolled hypogonadal acromegalic patients (median age 29 years) who delivered Semen for cryopreservation before initiation of testosterone therapy. Semen variables and hormone concentrations were compared to those of ten non-acromegalic hypogonadal men with pituitary disease (age 31 years) and those of young healthy men. Acromegalic patients vs. non-acromegalic patients had a higher percentage of progressive motile spermatozoa (62 vs. 47%, p = 0.04). Eight of ten acromegalic patients and 82% of controls had total sperm counts above 39 million and progressive motile spermatozoa above 32% (p = 0.55), corresponding to the WHO 2010 reference levels for expected normal fertility for these variables. Non-acromegalic patients vs. healthy controls had reduced percentage of progressive motile spermatozoa (47 vs. 57%, p = 0.02) and only five of ten patients had Semen Quality above the WHO reference level, which was significantly lower than observed in healthy controls (p = 0.022). Total sperm counts were similar between both patient groups and controls. There were no differences in reproductive hormone levels between acromegalic patients vs. non-acromegalic patients (p-values between 0.10 and 0.61). Compared to healthy controls both patient groups had severely reduced serum testosterone, calculated free testosterone. Despite severe hypoandrogenism acromegalic patients had Semen Quality similar to healthy controls based on determination of the number of progressively motile spermatozoa. By contrast non-acromegalic pituitary patients had reduced sperm motility. Our data do not support reduced Semen Quality in acromegaly.
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Semen Quality in the 21st century.
Nature reviews. Urology, 2017Co-Authors: Helena E. Virtanen, Niels Jorgensen, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Semen Quality in young men has been declining, and shows geographical, as well as temporal, variation. Several aspects of modern life, including lifestyle and environmental factors, stress, and exposure to endocrine disruptors and radiation, could be contributing to these trends. In this Review, the authors describe how Semen Quality is changing in the 21stcentury, and consider how we can best identify and avoid the underlying causes. Although Semen Quality is an important determinant of fertility, defining clear thresholds for normal ranges has proven difficult. According to 'time to pregnancy' studies, fecundity starts to decline when sperm concentrations fall below 30–55 × 106/ml, whereas the WHO criterion for normal values is currently 15 × 106/ml. Multiple studies over the past 15 years have reported median sperm concentrations of 41–55 × 106/ml in young men (mean age 18–21 years) from the general population, suggesting that many of them have suboptimal Semen Quality. Sperm numbers remain fairly constant between 19 and 29 years of age, which points to the importance of developmental effects. Discussion on whether population Semen Quality has declined has continued for decades, as regional differences in trends have been noted. The reasons for poor Semen Quality and adverse trends are not well established, but some associations suggest a causal relationship, for example, with maternal smoking during pregnancy. The role of chemical exposures leading to endocrine disruption and detrimental reproductive effects has been in the focus of research during the past 20 years. Identification of exposures that affect fertility could provide opportunities for effective prevention of reproductive health problems.
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recent adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer incidence among finnish men
International Journal of Andrology, 2011Co-Authors: Niels Jorgensen, Rune Jacobsen, Helena E. Virtanen, Antti Perheentupa, Niels E Skakkebaek, Matti Vierula, Eero Pukkala, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Impaired Semen Quality and testicular cancer may be linked through a testicular dysgenesis syndrome of foetal origin. The incidence of testis cancer has been shown to increase among Finnish men, whereas there is no recent publication describing temporal trends in Semen Quality. Therefore, we carried out a prospective Semen Quality study and a registry study of testis cancer incidence among Finnish men to explore recent trends. A total of 858 men were investigated in the Semen Quality study during 1998–2006. Median sperm concentrations were 67 (95% CI 57–80) million/mL, 60 (51–71) and 48 (39–60) for birth cohorts 1979–81, 1982–83 and 1987; total sperm counts 227 (189–272) million, 202 (170–240) and 165 (132–207); total number of morphologically normal spermatozoa 18 (14–23) million, 15 (12–19) and 11 (8–15). Men aged 10–59 years at the time of diagnosis with testicular cancer during 1954–2008 were included in the registry study, which confirmed the increasing incidence of testicular cancer in recent cohorts. These simultaneous and rapidly occurring adverse trends suggest that the underlying causes are environmental and, as such, preventable. Our findings necessitate not only further surveillance of male reproductive health but also research to detect and remove the underlying factors.
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Recent adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer incidence among Finnish men: Adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer among Finnish men
International Journal of Andrology, 2011Co-Authors: Niels Jorgensen, Rune Jacobsen, Helena E. Virtanen, Antti Perheentupa, Niels E Skakkebaek, Matti Vierula, Eero Pukkala, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Impaired Semen Quality and testicular cancer may be linked through a testicular dysgenesis syndrome of foetal origin. The incidence of testis cancer has been shown to increase among Finnish men, whereas there is no recent publication describing temporal trends in Semen Quality. Therefore, we carried out a prospective Semen Quality study and a registry study of testis cancer incidence among Finnish men to explore recent trends. A total of 858 men were investigated in the Semen Quality study during 1998–2006. Median sperm concentrations were 67 (95% CI 57–80) million/mL, 60 (51–71) and 48 (39–60) for birth cohorts 1979–81, 1982–83 and 1987; total sperm counts 227 (189–272) million, 202 (170–240) and 165 (132–207); total number of morphologically normal spermatozoa 18 (14–23) million, 15 (12–19) and 11 (8–15). Men aged 10–59 years at the time of diagnosis with testicular cancer during 1954–2008 were included in the registry study, which confirmed the increasing incidence of testicular cancer in recent cohorts. These simultaneous and rapidly occurring adverse trends suggest that the underlying causes are environmental and, as such, preventable. Our findings necessitate not only further surveillance of male reproductive health but also research to detect and remove the underlying factors.
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Semen Quality of 324 fertile Japanese men
Human reproduction (Oxford England), 2005Co-Authors: Teruaki Iwamoto, Niels E Skakkebaek, Shiari Nozawa, Miki Yoshiike, T. Hoshino, K, Matsushita T, S.n. Tanaka, M. Naka, Niels JorgensenAbstract:BACKGROUND: A number of studies have indicated regional differences in Semen Quality. To examine the current status in Japan, we undertook a cross-sectional study on the Semen Quality of fertile Japanese men for comparison with recent European results. METHODS: Semen parameters of 324 fertile men from the Kawasaki/Yokohama area were investigated. The Semen parameters were compared with those published for fertile men from four European cities, Copenhagen, Paris, Edinburgh and Turku. RESULTS: When adjusting for confounders such as ejaculation abstinence period and age, the lowest sperm concentrations were detected in men from Kawasaki/Yokohama followed by men from Copenhagen, Paris, Edinburgh and Turku, but only the differences between men from Kawasaki/Yokohama and men from Edinburgh and Turku were significant (P = 0.0008 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Total sperm count, percentage of motile sperm and percentage of normal sperm observed in Kawasaki/Yokohama were significantly lower than those from all European centres except for motile sperm in men from Paris. CONCLUSIONS: Japanese fertile men had a Semen Quality at the level of Danish men, who have been reported to have the lowest among investigated men in Europe. The low level of Semen Quality of the fertile Japanese men may be due to lifestyle or other environmental factors; however, ethnic differences caused by different genetic variation or combinations cannot be ruled out by this study.
Niels E Skakkebaek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parental age at delivery and a man's Semen Quality
Human reproduction (Oxford England), 2014Co-Authors: Lærke Priskorn, Niels E Skakkebaek, Tina Kold Jensen, Rune Lindahl-jacobsen, Erik Bostofte, Michael L. EisenbergAbstract:STUDY QUESTION Is parental age at delivery associated with a man's Semen Quality? SUMMARY ANSWER In this large register-based study both mother's and father's age are found to have minimal effects on Semen Quality in men. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Both maternal and paternal age have been associated with a range of adverse health effects in the offspring. Given the varied health effects of parental age upon offspring, and the sensitivity of genital development to external factors, it is plausible that the age of a man's mother and father at conception may impact his reproductive health. To our knowledge this is the first examination of the effects of parental age on Semen Quality. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A retrospective cohort study of 10 965 men with Semen data and parental data. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The study was based on Danish men referred to the Copenhagen Sperm Analysis Laboratory due to infertility in their partnership. Men born from 1960 and delivering a Semen sample until year 2000 were included. The men were linked to the Danish Civil Registration System to obtain information on parent's age at delivery. Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for impaired Semen Quality. Linear regression analyses were used to examine a relationship between Semen parameters and paternal age. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE There were no convincing effect of either mother's or father's age on a man's Semen Quality. As no trends were noted, the few statistically significant results are likely attributable to chance. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Information regarding individual subject characteristics which may impact sperm production (i.e. smoking, BMI) were not available. While our sample size was large, we cannot exclude the possibility that a trend may have been identified with a still larger sample. In addition, the Danish Civil Registration System is merely administrative and hence does not discriminate between biological and adopted children. However, the low rate of adoption (≈2%) suggests that misclassification would have a minimal impact. The men were all referred to the laboratory for infertility problems in their partnership and, therefore, do not represent the general population. We, however, compared Semen Quality among men within the cohort, and it is therefore less important whether they, in fact, represent the general population. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The current study found no link between parental age and a son's Semen Quality, suggesting other factors may explain recent impairments in men's reproductive health. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Hans and Nora Buchard's Fund and the Kirsten and Freddy Johansen's Fund. No competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not relevant.
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Semen Quality and reproductive hormone levels in men from southern spain
International Journal of Andrology, 2012Co-Authors: Mariana F. Fernández, C Avivar, I Duran, Nicolás Olea, Niels E Skakkebaek, Matti Vierula, Jorma Toppari, N. JorgensenAbstract:In North European countries, a significant difference in Semen Quality among young men has been shown. Men from the western countries, Denmark, Germany and Norway, have lower Semen Quality than men from the eastern countries Finland, Estonia and Lithuania. Similarly, men in the western countries have a higher risk of testicular cancer. According to the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) concept that suggests a link between risk of impaired Semen Quality and increased risk of testicular cancer, Spanish men would be expected to have a Semen Quality at a normal level because of their very low testis cancer risk. We therefore investigated 273 men from the Almeria region in the Southern Spain to test this hypothesis. The men delivered Semen samples, underwent physical examinations, had a blood sample drawn and provided information on lifestyle and reproductive health parameters. The investigations took place from November 2001 to December 2002. Adjusting for effects of confounders, the median sperm concentration and total sperm count were 62 (95% confidence interval 47–82) million/mL and 206 (153–278) million, respectively. The median numbers of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa assessed according to strict criteria were 59% (57–62%) and 9.4% (8.6–10.0%), respectively. The median total testosterone and calculated free androgen index were 28 nm (26–30) and 95 (88–103), respectively. Assuming that the investigated men, to a large extent, are representative of the population of young men the Southern Spain, the results show that these have normal Semen Quality and reproductive hormone levels as expected in a population with a low incidence of testicular cancer.
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recent adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer incidence among finnish men
International Journal of Andrology, 2011Co-Authors: Niels Jorgensen, Rune Jacobsen, Helena E. Virtanen, Antti Perheentupa, Niels E Skakkebaek, Matti Vierula, Eero Pukkala, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Impaired Semen Quality and testicular cancer may be linked through a testicular dysgenesis syndrome of foetal origin. The incidence of testis cancer has been shown to increase among Finnish men, whereas there is no recent publication describing temporal trends in Semen Quality. Therefore, we carried out a prospective Semen Quality study and a registry study of testis cancer incidence among Finnish men to explore recent trends. A total of 858 men were investigated in the Semen Quality study during 1998–2006. Median sperm concentrations were 67 (95% CI 57–80) million/mL, 60 (51–71) and 48 (39–60) for birth cohorts 1979–81, 1982–83 and 1987; total sperm counts 227 (189–272) million, 202 (170–240) and 165 (132–207); total number of morphologically normal spermatozoa 18 (14–23) million, 15 (12–19) and 11 (8–15). Men aged 10–59 years at the time of diagnosis with testicular cancer during 1954–2008 were included in the registry study, which confirmed the increasing incidence of testicular cancer in recent cohorts. These simultaneous and rapidly occurring adverse trends suggest that the underlying causes are environmental and, as such, preventable. Our findings necessitate not only further surveillance of male reproductive health but also research to detect and remove the underlying factors.
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Recent adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer incidence among Finnish men: Adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer among Finnish men
International Journal of Andrology, 2011Co-Authors: Niels Jorgensen, Rune Jacobsen, Helena E. Virtanen, Antti Perheentupa, Niels E Skakkebaek, Matti Vierula, Eero Pukkala, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Impaired Semen Quality and testicular cancer may be linked through a testicular dysgenesis syndrome of foetal origin. The incidence of testis cancer has been shown to increase among Finnish men, whereas there is no recent publication describing temporal trends in Semen Quality. Therefore, we carried out a prospective Semen Quality study and a registry study of testis cancer incidence among Finnish men to explore recent trends. A total of 858 men were investigated in the Semen Quality study during 1998–2006. Median sperm concentrations were 67 (95% CI 57–80) million/mL, 60 (51–71) and 48 (39–60) for birth cohorts 1979–81, 1982–83 and 1987; total sperm counts 227 (189–272) million, 202 (170–240) and 165 (132–207); total number of morphologically normal spermatozoa 18 (14–23) million, 15 (12–19) and 11 (8–15). Men aged 10–59 years at the time of diagnosis with testicular cancer during 1954–2008 were included in the registry study, which confirmed the increasing incidence of testicular cancer in recent cohorts. These simultaneous and rapidly occurring adverse trends suggest that the underlying causes are environmental and, as such, preventable. Our findings necessitate not only further surveillance of male reproductive health but also research to detect and remove the underlying factors.
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Semen Quality of 324 fertile Japanese men
Human reproduction (Oxford England), 2005Co-Authors: Teruaki Iwamoto, Niels E Skakkebaek, Shiari Nozawa, Miki Yoshiike, T. Hoshino, K, Matsushita T, S.n. Tanaka, M. Naka, Niels JorgensenAbstract:BACKGROUND: A number of studies have indicated regional differences in Semen Quality. To examine the current status in Japan, we undertook a cross-sectional study on the Semen Quality of fertile Japanese men for comparison with recent European results. METHODS: Semen parameters of 324 fertile men from the Kawasaki/Yokohama area were investigated. The Semen parameters were compared with those published for fertile men from four European cities, Copenhagen, Paris, Edinburgh and Turku. RESULTS: When adjusting for confounders such as ejaculation abstinence period and age, the lowest sperm concentrations were detected in men from Kawasaki/Yokohama followed by men from Copenhagen, Paris, Edinburgh and Turku, but only the differences between men from Kawasaki/Yokohama and men from Edinburgh and Turku were significant (P = 0.0008 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Total sperm count, percentage of motile sperm and percentage of normal sperm observed in Kawasaki/Yokohama were significantly lower than those from all European centres except for motile sperm in men from Paris. CONCLUSIONS: Japanese fertile men had a Semen Quality at the level of Danish men, who have been reported to have the lowest among investigated men in Europe. The low level of Semen Quality of the fertile Japanese men may be due to lifestyle or other environmental factors; however, ethnic differences caused by different genetic variation or combinations cannot be ruled out by this study.
Matti Vierula - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Semen Quality and reproductive hormone levels in men from southern spain
International Journal of Andrology, 2012Co-Authors: Mariana F. Fernández, C Avivar, I Duran, Nicolás Olea, Niels E Skakkebaek, Matti Vierula, Jorma Toppari, N. JorgensenAbstract:In North European countries, a significant difference in Semen Quality among young men has been shown. Men from the western countries, Denmark, Germany and Norway, have lower Semen Quality than men from the eastern countries Finland, Estonia and Lithuania. Similarly, men in the western countries have a higher risk of testicular cancer. According to the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) concept that suggests a link between risk of impaired Semen Quality and increased risk of testicular cancer, Spanish men would be expected to have a Semen Quality at a normal level because of their very low testis cancer risk. We therefore investigated 273 men from the Almeria region in the Southern Spain to test this hypothesis. The men delivered Semen samples, underwent physical examinations, had a blood sample drawn and provided information on lifestyle and reproductive health parameters. The investigations took place from November 2001 to December 2002. Adjusting for effects of confounders, the median sperm concentration and total sperm count were 62 (95% confidence interval 47–82) million/mL and 206 (153–278) million, respectively. The median numbers of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa assessed according to strict criteria were 59% (57–62%) and 9.4% (8.6–10.0%), respectively. The median total testosterone and calculated free androgen index were 28 nm (26–30) and 95 (88–103), respectively. Assuming that the investigated men, to a large extent, are representative of the population of young men the Southern Spain, the results show that these have normal Semen Quality and reproductive hormone levels as expected in a population with a low incidence of testicular cancer.
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recent adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer incidence among finnish men
International Journal of Andrology, 2011Co-Authors: Niels Jorgensen, Rune Jacobsen, Helena E. Virtanen, Antti Perheentupa, Niels E Skakkebaek, Matti Vierula, Eero Pukkala, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Impaired Semen Quality and testicular cancer may be linked through a testicular dysgenesis syndrome of foetal origin. The incidence of testis cancer has been shown to increase among Finnish men, whereas there is no recent publication describing temporal trends in Semen Quality. Therefore, we carried out a prospective Semen Quality study and a registry study of testis cancer incidence among Finnish men to explore recent trends. A total of 858 men were investigated in the Semen Quality study during 1998–2006. Median sperm concentrations were 67 (95% CI 57–80) million/mL, 60 (51–71) and 48 (39–60) for birth cohorts 1979–81, 1982–83 and 1987; total sperm counts 227 (189–272) million, 202 (170–240) and 165 (132–207); total number of morphologically normal spermatozoa 18 (14–23) million, 15 (12–19) and 11 (8–15). Men aged 10–59 years at the time of diagnosis with testicular cancer during 1954–2008 were included in the registry study, which confirmed the increasing incidence of testicular cancer in recent cohorts. These simultaneous and rapidly occurring adverse trends suggest that the underlying causes are environmental and, as such, preventable. Our findings necessitate not only further surveillance of male reproductive health but also research to detect and remove the underlying factors.
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Recent adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer incidence among Finnish men: Adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer among Finnish men
International Journal of Andrology, 2011Co-Authors: Niels Jorgensen, Rune Jacobsen, Helena E. Virtanen, Antti Perheentupa, Niels E Skakkebaek, Matti Vierula, Eero Pukkala, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Impaired Semen Quality and testicular cancer may be linked through a testicular dysgenesis syndrome of foetal origin. The incidence of testis cancer has been shown to increase among Finnish men, whereas there is no recent publication describing temporal trends in Semen Quality. Therefore, we carried out a prospective Semen Quality study and a registry study of testis cancer incidence among Finnish men to explore recent trends. A total of 858 men were investigated in the Semen Quality study during 1998–2006. Median sperm concentrations were 67 (95% CI 57–80) million/mL, 60 (51–71) and 48 (39–60) for birth cohorts 1979–81, 1982–83 and 1987; total sperm counts 227 (189–272) million, 202 (170–240) and 165 (132–207); total number of morphologically normal spermatozoa 18 (14–23) million, 15 (12–19) and 11 (8–15). Men aged 10–59 years at the time of diagnosis with testicular cancer during 1954–2008 were included in the registry study, which confirmed the increasing incidence of testicular cancer in recent cohorts. These simultaneous and rapidly occurring adverse trends suggest that the underlying causes are environmental and, as such, preventable. Our findings necessitate not only further surveillance of male reproductive health but also research to detect and remove the underlying factors.
Helena E. Virtanen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Semen Quality in the 21st century.
Nature reviews. Urology, 2017Co-Authors: Helena E. Virtanen, Niels Jorgensen, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Semen Quality in young men has been declining, and shows geographical, as well as temporal, variation. Several aspects of modern life, including lifestyle and environmental factors, stress, and exposure to endocrine disruptors and radiation, could be contributing to these trends. In this Review, the authors describe how Semen Quality is changing in the 21stcentury, and consider how we can best identify and avoid the underlying causes. Although Semen Quality is an important determinant of fertility, defining clear thresholds for normal ranges has proven difficult. According to 'time to pregnancy' studies, fecundity starts to decline when sperm concentrations fall below 30–55 × 106/ml, whereas the WHO criterion for normal values is currently 15 × 106/ml. Multiple studies over the past 15 years have reported median sperm concentrations of 41–55 × 106/ml in young men (mean age 18–21 years) from the general population, suggesting that many of them have suboptimal Semen Quality. Sperm numbers remain fairly constant between 19 and 29 years of age, which points to the importance of developmental effects. Discussion on whether population Semen Quality has declined has continued for decades, as regional differences in trends have been noted. The reasons for poor Semen Quality and adverse trends are not well established, but some associations suggest a causal relationship, for example, with maternal smoking during pregnancy. The role of chemical exposures leading to endocrine disruption and detrimental reproductive effects has been in the focus of research during the past 20 years. Identification of exposures that affect fertility could provide opportunities for effective prevention of reproductive health problems.
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recent adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer incidence among finnish men
International Journal of Andrology, 2011Co-Authors: Niels Jorgensen, Rune Jacobsen, Helena E. Virtanen, Antti Perheentupa, Niels E Skakkebaek, Matti Vierula, Eero Pukkala, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Impaired Semen Quality and testicular cancer may be linked through a testicular dysgenesis syndrome of foetal origin. The incidence of testis cancer has been shown to increase among Finnish men, whereas there is no recent publication describing temporal trends in Semen Quality. Therefore, we carried out a prospective Semen Quality study and a registry study of testis cancer incidence among Finnish men to explore recent trends. A total of 858 men were investigated in the Semen Quality study during 1998–2006. Median sperm concentrations were 67 (95% CI 57–80) million/mL, 60 (51–71) and 48 (39–60) for birth cohorts 1979–81, 1982–83 and 1987; total sperm counts 227 (189–272) million, 202 (170–240) and 165 (132–207); total number of morphologically normal spermatozoa 18 (14–23) million, 15 (12–19) and 11 (8–15). Men aged 10–59 years at the time of diagnosis with testicular cancer during 1954–2008 were included in the registry study, which confirmed the increasing incidence of testicular cancer in recent cohorts. These simultaneous and rapidly occurring adverse trends suggest that the underlying causes are environmental and, as such, preventable. Our findings necessitate not only further surveillance of male reproductive health but also research to detect and remove the underlying factors.
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Recent adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer incidence among Finnish men: Adverse trends in Semen Quality and testis cancer among Finnish men
International Journal of Andrology, 2011Co-Authors: Niels Jorgensen, Rune Jacobsen, Helena E. Virtanen, Antti Perheentupa, Niels E Skakkebaek, Matti Vierula, Eero Pukkala, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Impaired Semen Quality and testicular cancer may be linked through a testicular dysgenesis syndrome of foetal origin. The incidence of testis cancer has been shown to increase among Finnish men, whereas there is no recent publication describing temporal trends in Semen Quality. Therefore, we carried out a prospective Semen Quality study and a registry study of testis cancer incidence among Finnish men to explore recent trends. A total of 858 men were investigated in the Semen Quality study during 1998–2006. Median sperm concentrations were 67 (95% CI 57–80) million/mL, 60 (51–71) and 48 (39–60) for birth cohorts 1979–81, 1982–83 and 1987; total sperm counts 227 (189–272) million, 202 (170–240) and 165 (132–207); total number of morphologically normal spermatozoa 18 (14–23) million, 15 (12–19) and 11 (8–15). Men aged 10–59 years at the time of diagnosis with testicular cancer during 1954–2008 were included in the registry study, which confirmed the increasing incidence of testicular cancer in recent cohorts. These simultaneous and rapidly occurring adverse trends suggest that the underlying causes are environmental and, as such, preventable. Our findings necessitate not only further surveillance of male reproductive health but also research to detect and remove the underlying factors.
