The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Patrick Haggard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
learning from informative losses boosts the Sense of Agency
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Bartosz Majchrowicz, Eugenia Kulakova, Steven Di Costa, Patrick HaggardAbstract:Sense of Agency, the feeling of having control over one's actions, is modulated by whether one's choices lead to desired or undesired outcomes. Learning similarly depends on outcome values from previous experience. In the current study, we evaluate a possible link between the Sense of Agency and learning, by investigating how intentional binding, an implicit measure of Agency, changes during a probabilistic learning task. In two experiments, we show increased intentional binding in trials that follow losses, compared with trials that follow wins. Experiment 1 demonstrated that this post-error Agency boost (PEAB) effect is rule-specific, as it did not occur if the trial following an error involved different action-outcome contingencies. Furthermore, PEAB was not modulated by the type of outcome presentation (monetary vs. affective). Experiment 2 showed that the PEAB effect can also occur when the current action involves a forced (as opposed to free) choice, but only when the previous, loss-provoking action was chosen freely. Thus, PEAB occurs when current actions are informed by outcomes of one's own previous action choices. Electroencephalography (EEG) data linked these effects to two event-related potential components, namely, the Feedback Related Negativity and the P300. Taken together, these results support the notion that PEAB reflects an adaptive property of human Sense of Agency, facilitating effective learning about the action-outcome structure of a specific task, to optimise future performance. By clarifying the conditions for enhancing the Sense of Agency through learning, this work adds to our understanding of human learning and Agency.
-
modulation of reaction times and Sense of Agency via subliminal priming in functional movement disorders
Frontiers in Neurology, 2020Co-Authors: Annecatherine M L Huys, Mark J Edwards, Kailash P Bhatia, Patrick HaggardAbstract:Background: In functional movement disorders, explicit movements are impaired, while implicit movements are preserved. Furthermore, there is evidence that the Sense of Agency is abnormal. Aim: We aimed to investigate how motor responses and Sense of Agency were affected by subliminal or supraliminal cues in people with functional movement disorders. Methods: Twenty-three people with a functional movement disorder and 26 healthy controls took part in a subliminal and supraliminal priming experiment which investigated reaction times, choice and Sense of Agency. Participants pressed a left or right arrow key in response to an imperative left or right pointing arrow. Either key could be pressed in response to bidirectional arrows. The imperative arrow was preceded by a small left or right pointing prime arrow, that was non-predictive (50% correct) and was presented in either subliminal or supraliminal conditions. The participant's response caused the appearance of a colored circle and they rated the degree of control they felt over its appearance (Sense of Agency). The circle's color depended on whether their response was congruent or incongruent with the prime arrow direction. After exclusion, 19 participants remained in each group. Results: Prime-compatible responses led to faster reaction times in both the subliminal and supraliminal condition. Subliminal prime-compatible responses were chosen more frequently in the free choice condition. The Sense of Agency did not depend on prime-response congruency. There were no significant differences in any of these measures between the two groups. Conclusion: With non-predictive cues, reaction times, choices, and the Sense of Agency remain normal in people with functional movement disorders, for both subliminal and supraliminal primes. The findings suggest that it is not so much conscious awareness of the movement, but rather conscious motor preparation that is detrimental to motor function in functional movement disorders.
-
the effect of military training on the Sense of Agency and outcome processing
Nature Communications, 2020Co-Authors: Emilie Caspar, Patrick Haggard, Salvatore Lo Bue, Pedro Magalhaes A De Saldanha Da Gama, Axel CleeremansAbstract:Armed forces often rely on strict hierarchical organization, where people are required to follow orders. In two cross-sectional studies, we investigate whether or not working in a military context influences the Sense of Agency and outcome processing, and how different durations (junior cadets vs senior cadets) and types (cadets vs privates) of military experience may modulate these effects. Participants could administer painful electrical shocks to a 'victim' in exchange for money, either by their own free choice, or following orders of the experimenter. Results indicate that working in a strictly hierarchical structure may have a generalized negative impact on one's own Sense of Agency and outcome processing by reducing it, even when participants could freely decide their action. However, trained officers showed an enhanced Sense of Agency and outcome processing. This study offers insights on the potential for training the Sense of Agency and outcome processing.
-
the effect of military training on the Sense of Agency and outcome processing
Nature Communications, 2020Co-Authors: Emilie Caspar, Patrick Haggard, Salvatore Lo Bue, Pedro Magalhaes A De Saldanha Da Gama, Axel CleeremansAbstract:Armed forces often rely on strict hierarchical organization, where people are required to follow orders. In two cross-sectional studies, we investigate whether or not working in a military context influences the Sense of Agency and outcome processing, and how different durations (junior cadets vs senior cadets) and types (cadets vs privates) of military experience may modulate these effects. Participants could administer painful electrical shocks to a ‘victim’ in exchange for money, either by their own free choice, or following orders of the experimenter. Results indicate that working in a strictly hierarchical structure may have a generalized negative impact on one’s own Sense of Agency and outcome processing by reducing it, even when participants could freely decide their action. However, trained officers showed an enhanced Sense of Agency and outcome processing. This study offers insights on the potential for training the Sense of Agency and outcome processing. Working in military structures implies a reduction in individual autonomy, in which agents must comply with hierarchical orders. Here, the authors show that working within such a structure is associated with a reduced Sense of Agency and outcome processing for junior cadets, but this relationship is absent in trained officers.
-
prediction error and regularity detection underlie two dissociable mechanisms for computing the Sense of Agency
Cognition, 2020Co-Authors: Wen Wen, Patrick HaggardAbstract:The Sense of Agency refers to the subjective feeling of controlling one's own actions, and through them, events in the outside world. According to computational motor control models, the prediction errors from comparison between the predicted sensory feedback and actual sensory feedback determine whether people feel Agency over the corresponding outcome event, or not. This mechanism requires a model of the relation between action and outcome. However, in a novel environment, where this model has not yet been learned, the Sense of Agency must emerge during exploratory behaviours. In the present study, we designed a novel control detection task, in which participants explored the extent to which they could control the movement of three dots with a computer mouse, and then identified the dot that they felt they could control. Pre-recorded motions were applied for two dots, and the participants' real-time motion only influenced one dot's motion (i.e. the target dot). We disturbed participants' control over the motion of the target dot in one of two ways. In one case, we applied a fixed angular bias transformation between participant's movements and dot movements. In another condition, we mixed the participant's current movement with replay of another movement, and used the resulting hybrid signal to drive visual dot position. The former intervention changes the match between motor action and visual outcome, but maintains a regular relation between the two. In contrast, the latter alters both matching and motor-visual correlation. Crucially, we carefully selected the strength of these two perturbations so that they caused the same magnitude of impairment of motor performance in a simple reaching task, suggesting that both interventions produced comparable prediction errors. However, we found the visuomotor transformation had much less effect on the ability to detect which dot was under one's own control than did the nonlinear disturbance. This suggests a specific role of a correlation-like mechanism that detects ongoing visual-motor regularity in the human Sense of Agency. These regularity-detection mechanisms would remain intact under the linear, but not the nonlinear transformation. Human Sense of Agency may depend on monitoring ongoing motor-visual regularities, as well as on detecting prediction errors.
Hajime Asama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
modified sensory feedback enhances the Sense of Agency during continuous body movements in virtual reality
Scientific Reports, 2021Co-Authors: Kei Aoyagi, Atsushi Yamashita, Wen Wen, Shunsuke Hamasaki, Hiroshi Yamakawa, Yusuke Tamura, Hajime AsamaAbstract:The Sense of Agency refers to the feeling of control over one's own actions, and through them, the external events. This study examined the effect of modified visual feedback on the Sense of Agency over one's body movements using virtual reality in healthy individuals whose motor control was disturbed. Participants moved a virtual object using their right hand to trace a trajectory (Experiment 1) or a leading target (Experiment 2). Their motor control was disturbed by a delay in visual feedback (Experiment 1) or a 1-kg weight attached to their wrist (Experiment 2). In the offset conditions, the virtual object was presented at the median point between the desired position and the participants' actual hand position. In both experiments, participants reported improved Sense of Agency in the offset condition compared to the aligned condition where the visual feedback reflected their actual body movements, despite their motion being less precise in the offset condition. The results show that Sense of Agency can be enhanced by modifying feedback to motor tasks according to the goal of the task, even when visual feedback is discrepant from the actual body movements. The present study sheds light on the possibility of artificially enhancing body Agency to improve voluntary motor control.
-
deceleration assistance mitigated the trade off between Sense of Agency and driving performance
Frontiers in Psychology, 2021Co-Authors: Wen Wen, Atsushi Yamashita, Sonmin Yun, Brandon D Northcutt, Hajime AsamaAbstract:Driving assistance technology has gained traction in recent years and is becoming more widely used in vehicles. However, drivers usually experience a reduced Sense of Agency when driving assistance is active even though automated assistance improves driving performance by reducing human error and ensuring quick reactions. The present study examined whether driving assistance can maintain human Sense of Agency during early deceleration in the face of collision risk, compared with manual deceleration. In the experimental task, participants decelerate their vehicle in a driving simulator to avoid collision with a vehicle that suddenly cut in front of them and decelerated. In the assisted condition, the system performed deceleration 100 ms after the cut-in. Participants were instructed to decelerate their vehicle and follow the vehicle that cut-in. This design ensured that the deceleration assistance applied a similar control to the vehicle as the drivers intended to, only faster and smoother. Participants rated their Sense of Agency and their driving performance. The results showed that drivers maintained their Sense of Agency and improved driving performance under driving assistance. The findings provided insights into designing driving assistance that can maintain drivers' Sense of Agency while improving future driving performance. It is important to establish a mode of joint-control in which the system shares the intention of human drivers and provides improved execution of control.
-
Improvement of Sense of Agency During Upper-Limb Movement for Motor Rehabilitation Using Virtual Reality
2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2019Co-Authors: Kei Aoyagi, Atsushi Yamashita, Wen Wen, Shunsuke Hamasaki, Hiroshi Yamakawa, Yusuke Tamura, Hajime AsamaAbstract:Sense of Agency refers to the feeling of controlling one's own body. Many patients surviving from a stroke lose the Sense of Agency over their body. This is due to impairments in both motor control and sensory brain functions. As a result of this lack in the Sense of Agency, stroke patients tend to lose the intention of moving the paralyzed limb, which results in further deterioration of brain functions and worsening muscles and joints. The present study proposes a motor rehabilitation system using virtual reality to improve the Sense of Agency during upper-limb movement which is required for various daily life activities such as eating meals and operating devices. Specifically, participants were instructed to move their hand to track a moving target ball in a virtual reality environment, while the position of their real hand was measured via a motion capture system. Participants were shown another ball presenting the position of their hand in virtual reality. We tested the proposed system with healthy participants, of which the motor control was disturbed by a 1-kg weight attached on the wrist. Participants reported their Sense of Agency after each trial. The results showed that the Sense of Agency was enhanced by the proposed intervention. Our results pointed out a potentially useful method to improve the Sense of Agency during body movements using modified visual feedback, which may contribute to the development of rehabilitation for stroke patients.
-
the Sense of Agency in driving automation
Frontiers in Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Wen Wen, Yoshihiro Kuroki, Hajime AsamaAbstract:Driving automation has been developing rapidly during the latest decade. However, all current technologies of driving automation still require human drivers’ monitoring and intervention. This means that during driving automation, the control by human driver and by the driving automation system are blended. In this case, if the human driver loses the Sense of Agency over the vehicle, he/she may not be able to actively engage in driving, and may excessively rely on the driving automation system. This review focuses on the subjective feeling of Agency of the human driver over the vehicle in such situations. We address the possible measures of Agency in driving automation, and discuss the insights from literatures on the Sense of Agency in joint control, robotics, automation, and driving assistance. We suggest that maintaining the Sense of Agency for human driver is important for ethical and safety reasons. We further propose a number of avenues for further research, which may help to better design an optimized driving automation considering human Sense of Agency.
-
a three dimensional evaluation of body representation change of human upper limb focused on Sense of ownership and Sense of Agency
International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science, 2018Co-Authors: Shunsuke Hamasaki, Atsushi Yamashita, Hajime AsamaAbstract:To develop more effective and efficient rehabilitation therapies for certain disease which are linked to a mismatch between the real body and the body representation, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the changes in body representation. We focused on the changes in the body representation of the upper limb as a large part of the body and conducted a three-dimensional evaluation of body representation change of human upper limb. The participants were subjected to four conditions relative to Sense of ownership and Sense of Agency. In the experiment, the participants with head mounted display were required to make circular movements in front of motion capture system. We found that the change of the body representation of the elbow occur only with Sense of Agency and the change occur only in the direction of Z axis.
Wen Wen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
modified sensory feedback enhances the Sense of Agency during continuous body movements in virtual reality
Scientific Reports, 2021Co-Authors: Kei Aoyagi, Atsushi Yamashita, Wen Wen, Shunsuke Hamasaki, Hiroshi Yamakawa, Yusuke Tamura, Hajime AsamaAbstract:The Sense of Agency refers to the feeling of control over one's own actions, and through them, the external events. This study examined the effect of modified visual feedback on the Sense of Agency over one's body movements using virtual reality in healthy individuals whose motor control was disturbed. Participants moved a virtual object using their right hand to trace a trajectory (Experiment 1) or a leading target (Experiment 2). Their motor control was disturbed by a delay in visual feedback (Experiment 1) or a 1-kg weight attached to their wrist (Experiment 2). In the offset conditions, the virtual object was presented at the median point between the desired position and the participants' actual hand position. In both experiments, participants reported improved Sense of Agency in the offset condition compared to the aligned condition where the visual feedback reflected their actual body movements, despite their motion being less precise in the offset condition. The results show that Sense of Agency can be enhanced by modifying feedback to motor tasks according to the goal of the task, even when visual feedback is discrepant from the actual body movements. The present study sheds light on the possibility of artificially enhancing body Agency to improve voluntary motor control.
-
deceleration assistance mitigated the trade off between Sense of Agency and driving performance
Frontiers in Psychology, 2021Co-Authors: Wen Wen, Atsushi Yamashita, Sonmin Yun, Brandon D Northcutt, Hajime AsamaAbstract:Driving assistance technology has gained traction in recent years and is becoming more widely used in vehicles. However, drivers usually experience a reduced Sense of Agency when driving assistance is active even though automated assistance improves driving performance by reducing human error and ensuring quick reactions. The present study examined whether driving assistance can maintain human Sense of Agency during early deceleration in the face of collision risk, compared with manual deceleration. In the experimental task, participants decelerate their vehicle in a driving simulator to avoid collision with a vehicle that suddenly cut in front of them and decelerated. In the assisted condition, the system performed deceleration 100 ms after the cut-in. Participants were instructed to decelerate their vehicle and follow the vehicle that cut-in. This design ensured that the deceleration assistance applied a similar control to the vehicle as the drivers intended to, only faster and smoother. Participants rated their Sense of Agency and their driving performance. The results showed that drivers maintained their Sense of Agency and improved driving performance under driving assistance. The findings provided insights into designing driving assistance that can maintain drivers' Sense of Agency while improving future driving performance. It is important to establish a mode of joint-control in which the system shares the intention of human drivers and provides improved execution of control.
-
prediction error and regularity detection underlie two dissociable mechanisms for computing the Sense of Agency
Cognition, 2020Co-Authors: Wen Wen, Patrick HaggardAbstract:The Sense of Agency refers to the subjective feeling of controlling one's own actions, and through them, events in the outside world. According to computational motor control models, the prediction errors from comparison between the predicted sensory feedback and actual sensory feedback determine whether people feel Agency over the corresponding outcome event, or not. This mechanism requires a model of the relation between action and outcome. However, in a novel environment, where this model has not yet been learned, the Sense of Agency must emerge during exploratory behaviours. In the present study, we designed a novel control detection task, in which participants explored the extent to which they could control the movement of three dots with a computer mouse, and then identified the dot that they felt they could control. Pre-recorded motions were applied for two dots, and the participants' real-time motion only influenced one dot's motion (i.e. the target dot). We disturbed participants' control over the motion of the target dot in one of two ways. In one case, we applied a fixed angular bias transformation between participant's movements and dot movements. In another condition, we mixed the participant's current movement with replay of another movement, and used the resulting hybrid signal to drive visual dot position. The former intervention changes the match between motor action and visual outcome, but maintains a regular relation between the two. In contrast, the latter alters both matching and motor-visual correlation. Crucially, we carefully selected the strength of these two perturbations so that they caused the same magnitude of impairment of motor performance in a simple reaching task, suggesting that both interventions produced comparable prediction errors. However, we found the visuomotor transformation had much less effect on the ability to detect which dot was under one's own control than did the nonlinear disturbance. This suggests a specific role of a correlation-like mechanism that detects ongoing visual-motor regularity in the human Sense of Agency. These regularity-detection mechanisms would remain intact under the linear, but not the nonlinear transformation. Human Sense of Agency may depend on monitoring ongoing motor-visual regularities, as well as on detecting prediction errors.
-
does delay in feedback diminish Sense of Agency a review
Consciousness and Cognition, 2019Co-Authors: Wen WenAbstract:Sense of Agency refers to the subjective feeling of controlling one's own action, and through it, external events. Action-effect delay is widely used to disrupt this subjective feeling. Numerous studies have shown that self-reported Sense of Agency decreases along with the increase in delay. I discussed the distinction between body and external Agency, and the possible different effects of delay on them. Furthermore, I reviewed literature that examined the influence of delay on self-reported Sense of Agency, implicit measures of Sense of Agency, and control-based action selection, and discussed possible reasons of the reported effects. Delay influences the measures of Agency via multiple possible processes, such as graded response, task performance, sensory pre-activation, and temporal perceptual sensitivity. However, the causal relation between action and effect at higher-level of judgment may remain intact even for super-second delays. I conclude that the effects of delay on the Sense of Agency significantly differ between different levels, and researchers willing to use delay to disturb the Sense of Agency should carefully clarify which process it may affect.
-
Improvement of Sense of Agency During Upper-Limb Movement for Motor Rehabilitation Using Virtual Reality
2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2019Co-Authors: Kei Aoyagi, Atsushi Yamashita, Wen Wen, Shunsuke Hamasaki, Hiroshi Yamakawa, Yusuke Tamura, Hajime AsamaAbstract:Sense of Agency refers to the feeling of controlling one's own body. Many patients surviving from a stroke lose the Sense of Agency over their body. This is due to impairments in both motor control and sensory brain functions. As a result of this lack in the Sense of Agency, stroke patients tend to lose the intention of moving the paralyzed limb, which results in further deterioration of brain functions and worsening muscles and joints. The present study proposes a motor rehabilitation system using virtual reality to improve the Sense of Agency during upper-limb movement which is required for various daily life activities such as eating meals and operating devices. Specifically, participants were instructed to move their hand to track a moving target ball in a virtual reality environment, while the position of their real hand was measured via a motion capture system. Participants were shown another ball presenting the position of their hand in virtual reality. We tested the proposed system with healthy participants, of which the motor control was disturbed by a 1-kg weight attached on the wrist. Participants reported their Sense of Agency after each trial. The results showed that the Sense of Agency was enhanced by the proposed intervention. Our results pointed out a potentially useful method to improve the Sense of Agency during body movements using modified visual feedback, which may contribute to the development of rehabilitation for stroke patients.
Atsushi Yamashita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
modified sensory feedback enhances the Sense of Agency during continuous body movements in virtual reality
Scientific Reports, 2021Co-Authors: Kei Aoyagi, Atsushi Yamashita, Wen Wen, Shunsuke Hamasaki, Hiroshi Yamakawa, Yusuke Tamura, Hajime AsamaAbstract:The Sense of Agency refers to the feeling of control over one's own actions, and through them, the external events. This study examined the effect of modified visual feedback on the Sense of Agency over one's body movements using virtual reality in healthy individuals whose motor control was disturbed. Participants moved a virtual object using their right hand to trace a trajectory (Experiment 1) or a leading target (Experiment 2). Their motor control was disturbed by a delay in visual feedback (Experiment 1) or a 1-kg weight attached to their wrist (Experiment 2). In the offset conditions, the virtual object was presented at the median point between the desired position and the participants' actual hand position. In both experiments, participants reported improved Sense of Agency in the offset condition compared to the aligned condition where the visual feedback reflected their actual body movements, despite their motion being less precise in the offset condition. The results show that Sense of Agency can be enhanced by modifying feedback to motor tasks according to the goal of the task, even when visual feedback is discrepant from the actual body movements. The present study sheds light on the possibility of artificially enhancing body Agency to improve voluntary motor control.
-
deceleration assistance mitigated the trade off between Sense of Agency and driving performance
Frontiers in Psychology, 2021Co-Authors: Wen Wen, Atsushi Yamashita, Sonmin Yun, Brandon D Northcutt, Hajime AsamaAbstract:Driving assistance technology has gained traction in recent years and is becoming more widely used in vehicles. However, drivers usually experience a reduced Sense of Agency when driving assistance is active even though automated assistance improves driving performance by reducing human error and ensuring quick reactions. The present study examined whether driving assistance can maintain human Sense of Agency during early deceleration in the face of collision risk, compared with manual deceleration. In the experimental task, participants decelerate their vehicle in a driving simulator to avoid collision with a vehicle that suddenly cut in front of them and decelerated. In the assisted condition, the system performed deceleration 100 ms after the cut-in. Participants were instructed to decelerate their vehicle and follow the vehicle that cut-in. This design ensured that the deceleration assistance applied a similar control to the vehicle as the drivers intended to, only faster and smoother. Participants rated their Sense of Agency and their driving performance. The results showed that drivers maintained their Sense of Agency and improved driving performance under driving assistance. The findings provided insights into designing driving assistance that can maintain drivers' Sense of Agency while improving future driving performance. It is important to establish a mode of joint-control in which the system shares the intention of human drivers and provides improved execution of control.
-
Improvement of Sense of Agency During Upper-Limb Movement for Motor Rehabilitation Using Virtual Reality
2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2019Co-Authors: Kei Aoyagi, Atsushi Yamashita, Wen Wen, Shunsuke Hamasaki, Hiroshi Yamakawa, Yusuke Tamura, Hajime AsamaAbstract:Sense of Agency refers to the feeling of controlling one's own body. Many patients surviving from a stroke lose the Sense of Agency over their body. This is due to impairments in both motor control and sensory brain functions. As a result of this lack in the Sense of Agency, stroke patients tend to lose the intention of moving the paralyzed limb, which results in further deterioration of brain functions and worsening muscles and joints. The present study proposes a motor rehabilitation system using virtual reality to improve the Sense of Agency during upper-limb movement which is required for various daily life activities such as eating meals and operating devices. Specifically, participants were instructed to move their hand to track a moving target ball in a virtual reality environment, while the position of their real hand was measured via a motion capture system. Participants were shown another ball presenting the position of their hand in virtual reality. We tested the proposed system with healthy participants, of which the motor control was disturbed by a 1-kg weight attached on the wrist. Participants reported their Sense of Agency after each trial. The results showed that the Sense of Agency was enhanced by the proposed intervention. Our results pointed out a potentially useful method to improve the Sense of Agency during body movements using modified visual feedback, which may contribute to the development of rehabilitation for stroke patients.
-
a three dimensional evaluation of body representation change of human upper limb focused on Sense of ownership and Sense of Agency
International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science, 2018Co-Authors: Shunsuke Hamasaki, Atsushi Yamashita, Hajime AsamaAbstract:To develop more effective and efficient rehabilitation therapies for certain disease which are linked to a mismatch between the real body and the body representation, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the changes in body representation. We focused on the changes in the body representation of the upper limb as a large part of the body and conducted a three-dimensional evaluation of body representation change of human upper limb. The participants were subjected to four conditions relative to Sense of ownership and Sense of Agency. In the experiment, the participants with head mounted display were required to make circular movements in front of motion capture system. We found that the change of the body representation of the elbow occur only with Sense of Agency and the change occur only in the direction of Z axis.
-
investigating the relationship between driver s Sense of Agency and eeg mu rhythm is more suppressed in higher soa case
International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science, 2017Co-Authors: Sonmin Yun, Atsushi Yamashita, Wen Wen, Shunsuke Hamasaki, Hiroshi Yamakawa, Yusuke Tamura, Hajime AsamaAbstract:In recent years, the field of automated driving has made a great progress. Especially, driver assistance and partial automation has been made practicable rapidly. While it is expected to reduce the number of traffic accidents, the assisted driver may feel less control over the vehicle. In other words, they may lose a Sense of Agency over the vehicle. Sense of Agency (SoA) refers to the subjective feeling of controlling events through one's own behavior. It is reported that under less SoA conditions, one's response to an event becomes slower [1]. It can be suggested that poor SoA of driver may result in slow and inaccurate response in emergency cases. Therefore, it is important to maintain the driver's SoA during the assisted driving. For example, if the driving assist system could monitor the driver's SoA, it can give appropriate feedback when the SoA decreased.
J Nielsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
twenty weeks of computer training improves Sense of Agency in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2012Co-Authors: Anina Ritterbandrosenbaum, Mark Schram Christensen, J NielsenAbstract:Children with cerebral palsy (CP) show alteration of perceptual and cognitive abilities in addition to motor and sensory deficits, which may include altered Sense of Agency. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether 20 weeks of internet-based motor, perceptual and cognitive training enhances the ability of CP children to determine whether they or a computer are responsible for the movement of a visually observed object. 40 CP children (8-16 years) were divided into a training (n:20) and control group (n:20). The training group trained 30 min each day for 20 weeks. The ability of the children to judge whether they themselves or a computer were responsible for moving an object on a computer screen was tested before and after the 20-week period. Furthermore, we included a healthy age-matched group to determine a normal functional level of performance. Our results showed a significantly larger increase in the number of correct subjective reporting for the training group (p<0.001). In accordance with this, the training group was also less fooled by computer-induced movements given by a decreased curvature which indicated a compensatory motor strategy when drawing the line to hit the target following the training than the control group (p=0.018). These findings suggest that Sense of Agency may be altered, and that training of Sense of Agency may help to increase the outcome of training programmes in children with CP.
-
altered Sense of Agency in children with spastic cerebral palsy
BMC Neurology, 2011Co-Authors: Anina Ritterbandrosenbaum, Mark Schram Christensen, Mette Kliimdue, Line Z Petersen, Betina Rasmussen, J NielsenAbstract:Children diagnosed with spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP) often show perceptual and cognitive problems, which may contribute to their functional deficit. Here we investigated if altered ability to determine whether an observed movement is performed by themselves (Sense of Agency) contributes to the motor deficit in children with CP. Three groups; 1) CP children, 2) healthy peers, and 3) healthy adults produced straight drawing movements on a pen-tablet which was not visible for the subjects. The produced movement was presented as a virtual moving object on a computer screen. Subjects had to evaluate after each trial whether the movement of the object on the computer screen was generated by themselves or by a computer program which randomly manipulated the visual feedback by angling the trajectories 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 degrees away from target. Healthy adults executed the movements in 310 seconds, whereas healthy children and especially CP children were significantly slower (p < 0.002) (on average 456 seconds and 543 seconds respectively). There was also a statistical difference between the healthy and age matched CP children (p = 0.037). When the trajectory of the object generated by the computer corresponded to the subject's own movements all three groups reported that they were responsible for the movement of the object. When the trajectory of the object deviated by more than 10 degrees from target, healthy adults and children more frequently than CP children reported that the computer was responsible for the movement of the object. CP children consequently also attempted to compensate more frequently from the perturbation generated by the computer. We conclude that CP children have a reduced ability to determine whether movement of a virtual moving object is caused by themselves or an external source. We suggest that this may be related to a poor integration of their intention of movement with visual and proprioceptive information about the performed movement and that altered Sense of Agency may be an important functional problem in children with CP.
