The Experts below are selected from a list of 69 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jonathan A Bernstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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health effects of trimellitic anhydride occupational exposure insights from Animal models and immunosurveillance programs
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Debajyoti Ghosh, Jonathan A BernsteinAbstract:Acid anhydrides are used by chemical industries as plasticizers. Trimellitic acid (TMA) is an acid anhydride widely utilized in factories to produce paints, varnishes, and plastics. In addition to causing direct irritant effects, TMA can augment antibody responses in exposed factory workers leading to occupational asthma. Therefore, industries producing TMA have implemented occupational immunosurveillance programs (OISPs) to ensure early diagnosis and medical management, involving exposure reduction/ complete removal of Sensitized workers from exposure areas. Multiple Animal models (mice strains, rat stains, guinea pig, swine) with different exposure patterns (dermal, nasal, vapor inhalation exposures for different time frames) have been described to elucidate the pathophysiology of TMA exposure. In TMA factories, in spite of implementing advanced environmental controls and personal protective measures to limit exposure, workers become TMA-Sensitized. Animal models revealed sIgG, sIgE, sIgA, and sIgM along with pulmonary lesions, cellular infiltrates, alveolar hemorrhage, and pneumonitis associated with TMA exposure. Molecular studies showed involvement of specific functional gene clusters related to cytokine and chemokine responses, lung remodeling, and arginase function. However, thus far, there is no evidence supporting fetotoxic or carcinogenic effects of TMA. OISP data showed IgG and IgE responses in exposed factory workers. Interestingly, timelines for detectable sIgG response, in conjunction with its magnitude, have been shown to be a predictor for future sIgE response. OISPs have been very successful so far at creating a healthy and safe working environment for TMA-exposed factory workers.
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Health Effects of Trimellitic Anhydride Occupational Exposure: Insights from Animal Models and Immunosurveillance Programs
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Debajyoti Ghosh, Jonathan A BernsteinAbstract:Acid anhydrides are used by chemical industries as plasticizers. Trimellitic acid (TMA) is an acid anhydride widely utilized in factories to produce paints, varnishes, and plastics. In addition to causing direct irritant effects, TMA can augment antibody responses in exposed factory workers leading to occupational asthma. Therefore, industries producing TMA have implemented occupational immunosurveillance programs (OISPs) to ensure early diagnosis and medical management, involving exposure reduction/ complete removal of Sensitized workers from exposure areas. Multiple Animal models (mice strains, rat stains, guinea pig, swine) with different exposure patterns (dermal, nasal, vapor inhalation exposures for different time frames) have been described to elucidate the pathophysiology of TMA exposure. In TMA factories, in spite of implementing advanced environmental controls and personal protective measures to limit exposure, workers become TMA-Sensitized. Animal models revealed sIgG, sIgE, sIgA, and sIgM along with pulmonary lesions, cellular infiltrates, alveolar hemorrhage, and pneumonitis associated with TMA exposure. Molecular studies showed involvement of specific functional gene clusters related to cytokine and chemokine responses, lung remodeling, and arginase function. However, thus far, there is no evidence supporting fetotoxic or carcinogenic effects of TMA. OISP data showed IgG and IgE responses in exposed factory workers. Interestingly, timelines for detectable sIgG response, in conjunction with its magnitude, have been shown to be a predictor for future sIgE response. OISPs have been very successful so far at creating a healthy and safe working environment for TMA-exposed factory workers. Graphical Abstract Trimellitic Acid (TMA), used to produce paints, varnishes and plastics, can cause irritant-mediated and immune-mediated occupational health problems. NCBI pubmed search indicated that multiple Animal models (different Animal types, with chronic vs. acute exposure type, using TMA dust/suspension applied via dermal or other routes) have been used by investigators to elucidate the pathobiology of TMA-exposure. Several outcomes have been measured including humoral, lung/ airway, lymph nodes and dermal/ ear thickening responses. Studies on human subjects have been conducted mostly as parts of Occupational immunosurveillance programs (OISPs) implemented to identify TMA-Sensitized workers (using ImmunoCAP and Skin prick testing), monitoring them longitudinally and their medical management including exposure reduction/ complete removal of Sensitized workers from exposure areas. Clinical management also includes identification of irritant-induced and/ or immune-mediated outcomes of TMA occupational exposure. Collectively, these studies have led to important insights into the pathomechanism of TMA-exposure and have been very successful at creating a safe working environment for TMA-exposed factory workers.
Debajyoti Ghosh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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health effects of trimellitic anhydride occupational exposure insights from Animal models and immunosurveillance programs
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Debajyoti Ghosh, Jonathan A BernsteinAbstract:Acid anhydrides are used by chemical industries as plasticizers. Trimellitic acid (TMA) is an acid anhydride widely utilized in factories to produce paints, varnishes, and plastics. In addition to causing direct irritant effects, TMA can augment antibody responses in exposed factory workers leading to occupational asthma. Therefore, industries producing TMA have implemented occupational immunosurveillance programs (OISPs) to ensure early diagnosis and medical management, involving exposure reduction/ complete removal of Sensitized workers from exposure areas. Multiple Animal models (mice strains, rat stains, guinea pig, swine) with different exposure patterns (dermal, nasal, vapor inhalation exposures for different time frames) have been described to elucidate the pathophysiology of TMA exposure. In TMA factories, in spite of implementing advanced environmental controls and personal protective measures to limit exposure, workers become TMA-Sensitized. Animal models revealed sIgG, sIgE, sIgA, and sIgM along with pulmonary lesions, cellular infiltrates, alveolar hemorrhage, and pneumonitis associated with TMA exposure. Molecular studies showed involvement of specific functional gene clusters related to cytokine and chemokine responses, lung remodeling, and arginase function. However, thus far, there is no evidence supporting fetotoxic or carcinogenic effects of TMA. OISP data showed IgG and IgE responses in exposed factory workers. Interestingly, timelines for detectable sIgG response, in conjunction with its magnitude, have been shown to be a predictor for future sIgE response. OISPs have been very successful so far at creating a healthy and safe working environment for TMA-exposed factory workers.
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Health Effects of Trimellitic Anhydride Occupational Exposure: Insights from Animal Models and Immunosurveillance Programs
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Debajyoti Ghosh, Jonathan A BernsteinAbstract:Acid anhydrides are used by chemical industries as plasticizers. Trimellitic acid (TMA) is an acid anhydride widely utilized in factories to produce paints, varnishes, and plastics. In addition to causing direct irritant effects, TMA can augment antibody responses in exposed factory workers leading to occupational asthma. Therefore, industries producing TMA have implemented occupational immunosurveillance programs (OISPs) to ensure early diagnosis and medical management, involving exposure reduction/ complete removal of Sensitized workers from exposure areas. Multiple Animal models (mice strains, rat stains, guinea pig, swine) with different exposure patterns (dermal, nasal, vapor inhalation exposures for different time frames) have been described to elucidate the pathophysiology of TMA exposure. In TMA factories, in spite of implementing advanced environmental controls and personal protective measures to limit exposure, workers become TMA-Sensitized. Animal models revealed sIgG, sIgE, sIgA, and sIgM along with pulmonary lesions, cellular infiltrates, alveolar hemorrhage, and pneumonitis associated with TMA exposure. Molecular studies showed involvement of specific functional gene clusters related to cytokine and chemokine responses, lung remodeling, and arginase function. However, thus far, there is no evidence supporting fetotoxic or carcinogenic effects of TMA. OISP data showed IgG and IgE responses in exposed factory workers. Interestingly, timelines for detectable sIgG response, in conjunction with its magnitude, have been shown to be a predictor for future sIgE response. OISPs have been very successful so far at creating a healthy and safe working environment for TMA-exposed factory workers. Graphical Abstract Trimellitic Acid (TMA), used to produce paints, varnishes and plastics, can cause irritant-mediated and immune-mediated occupational health problems. NCBI pubmed search indicated that multiple Animal models (different Animal types, with chronic vs. acute exposure type, using TMA dust/suspension applied via dermal or other routes) have been used by investigators to elucidate the pathobiology of TMA-exposure. Several outcomes have been measured including humoral, lung/ airway, lymph nodes and dermal/ ear thickening responses. Studies on human subjects have been conducted mostly as parts of Occupational immunosurveillance programs (OISPs) implemented to identify TMA-Sensitized workers (using ImmunoCAP and Skin prick testing), monitoring them longitudinally and their medical management including exposure reduction/ complete removal of Sensitized workers from exposure areas. Clinical management also includes identification of irritant-induced and/ or immune-mediated outcomes of TMA occupational exposure. Collectively, these studies have led to important insights into the pathomechanism of TMA-exposure and have been very successful at creating a safe working environment for TMA-exposed factory workers.
Robert M. Levin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of sensitization on female guinea pig urinary bladder function in vivo and in vitro studies
The Journal of Urology, 1991Co-Authors: Penelope A. Longhurst, Alan J. Wein, Robert M. LevinAbstract:Abstract Although bladder inflammation is known clinically to produce a variety of symptoms including urgency, frequency, and pain, there are only a few experimental studies that directly relate bladder inflammation with urodynamic and functional alterations. We have used the Sensitized guinea pig model to study the effects of inflammation on micturition parameters, cystometry, and in vitro bladder contractility. This model depends on the allergic response of the bladder mucosa to ovalbumin, an otherwise non-irritative agent, as an antigen. In vivo exposure of the bladder to ovalbumin via urethral catheterization induced a prompt and marked increase in the number of micturitions in antigen-Sensitized guinea pigs. Ovalbumin had no effects on the micturition parameters in the control group. Using in vivo cystometry, intravesical exposure to ovalbumin induced a significant decrease in both the pressure at which micturition was induced, and the volume at which micturition was induced. Ovalbumin had no effect on cystometric parameters of the control Animals. In vitro exposure of whole-bladder preparations to ovalbumin induced a significant contractile response only in the bladders isolated from the Sensitized guinea pigs. The responses of the isolated bladders to field stimulation and bethanechol were identical for bladders from both Sensitized and control Animals. In conclusion, exposure of the bladder to ovalbumin in the Sensitized Animal induced an increase in the frequency of micturitions and a decrease in the pressure and volume at which micturition was induced. Thus, intravesical exposure of the bladder mucosa to a substance that the bladder has been Sensitized to can induce alterations in micturition that are consistent with the clinical symptoms of “urgency and frequency”.
Mathias Poussel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Desensitization of the Cough Reflex Induced by Corticosteroids in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Rabbits During Artificial Limb Exercise.
Frontiers in physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Simon Valentin, Bruno Chenuel, Silvia Demoulin-alexikova, Bruno Demoulin, Delphine Gérard, Laurent Foucaud, Mathias PousselAbstract:Introduction: Cough is a major symptom frequently experienced during exercise, mainly in asthmatic patients. Inhaled glucocorticoids represent the keystone treatment in the management of asthma, but little is known about interactions between cough and exercise, especially in controlled patients. During exercise, cough reflex (CR) appears downregulated in healthy Animal models whereas a lack of desensitization of CR has been shown in ovalbumin-Sensitized Animal models, mimicking asthmatic disease. Aims & Objectives: The goal of our study was to clarify the potential modulation of the CR induced by inhaled corticosteroids in ovalbumin-Sensitized rabbits during artificial limb exercise. Materials & Methods: Seventeen ovalbumin-Sensitized rabbits (OVA) were studied. Among them, 9 were treated with corticosteroids delivered intravenously (OVA-Corticoids). The ventilatory response to direct tracheal stimulation, performed at rest and during exercise, was determined to assess the incidence and the sensitivity of the CR. Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and cell counts were performed to determine the level of airway inflammation. Exercise was mimicked by electrically-induced hindlimb muscular contractions (EMC). Results: Compared to rest values, EMC increased minute ventilation by 28% without any decrease in respiratory resistance (Rsr). Among 322 tracheal stimulations, 172 (53%) were performed at rest and 150 (47%) during exercise. The sensitivity of CR decreased during artificial limb exercise compared to baseline in OVA-Corticoids rabbits (p = 0.0313) while it remained unchanged in OVA rabbits (p = NS). Conclusions: Corticosteroids appear to restore the desensitization of the CR in ovalbumin-Sensitized rabbits during artificial limb exercise, suggesting the potential role of airway inflammation in the pathophysiology of cough during exercise in asthmatics.
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Desensitization of the Cough Reflex Induced by Corticosteroids in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Rabbits During Artificial Limb Exercise
Frontiers in Physiology Front. Physiol, 2020Co-Authors: Simon Valentin, Bruno Chenuel, Silvia Demoulin-alexikova, Bruno Demoulin, Delphine Gérard, Laurent Foucaud, Mathias PousselAbstract:Introduction: Cough is a major symptom frequently experienced during exercise, mainly in asthmatic patients. Inhaled glucocorticoids represent the keystone treatment in the management of asthma, but little is known about interactions between cough and exercise, especially in controlled patients. During exercise, cough reflex (CR) appears downregulated in healthy Animal models whereas a lack of desensitization of CR has been shown in ovalbumin-Sensitized Animal models, mimicking asthmatic disease. Aims and Objectives: The goal of our study was to clarify the potential modulation of the CR induced by inhaled corticosteroids (CS) in ovalbumin (OVA) Sensitized rabbits during artificial limb exercise. Materials and Methods: Seventeen OVA Sensitized rabbits were studied. Among them, 9 were treated with CS delivered intravenously (OVA-Corticoids). The ventilatory response to direct tracheal stimulation, performed at rest and during exercise, was determined to assess the incidence and the sensitivity of the CR. Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and cell counts were performed to determine the level of airway inflammation. Exercise was mimicked by electrically induced hindlimb muscular contractions (EMC). Results: Compared to rest values, EMC increased minute ventilation by 28% without any decrease in respiratory resistance (Rsr). Among 322 tracheal stimulations, 172 (53%) were performed at rest and 150 (47%) during exercise. The sensitivity of CR decreased during artificial limb exercise compared to baseline in OVA-Corticoids rabbits (p = 0.0313) while it remained unchanged in OVA rabbits (p = NS). Conclusion: Corticosteroids appear to restore the desensitization of the CR in OVA Sensitized rabbits during artificial limb exercise, suggesting the potential role of airway inflammation in the pathophysiology of cough during exercise in asthmatics.
Penelope A. Longhurst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of sensitization on female guinea pig urinary bladder function in vivo and in vitro studies
The Journal of Urology, 1991Co-Authors: Penelope A. Longhurst, Alan J. Wein, Robert M. LevinAbstract:Abstract Although bladder inflammation is known clinically to produce a variety of symptoms including urgency, frequency, and pain, there are only a few experimental studies that directly relate bladder inflammation with urodynamic and functional alterations. We have used the Sensitized guinea pig model to study the effects of inflammation on micturition parameters, cystometry, and in vitro bladder contractility. This model depends on the allergic response of the bladder mucosa to ovalbumin, an otherwise non-irritative agent, as an antigen. In vivo exposure of the bladder to ovalbumin via urethral catheterization induced a prompt and marked increase in the number of micturitions in antigen-Sensitized guinea pigs. Ovalbumin had no effects on the micturition parameters in the control group. Using in vivo cystometry, intravesical exposure to ovalbumin induced a significant decrease in both the pressure at which micturition was induced, and the volume at which micturition was induced. Ovalbumin had no effect on cystometric parameters of the control Animals. In vitro exposure of whole-bladder preparations to ovalbumin induced a significant contractile response only in the bladders isolated from the Sensitized guinea pigs. The responses of the isolated bladders to field stimulation and bethanechol were identical for bladders from both Sensitized and control Animals. In conclusion, exposure of the bladder to ovalbumin in the Sensitized Animal induced an increase in the frequency of micturitions and a decrease in the pressure and volume at which micturition was induced. Thus, intravesical exposure of the bladder mucosa to a substance that the bladder has been Sensitized to can induce alterations in micturition that are consistent with the clinical symptoms of “urgency and frequency”.
