The Experts below are selected from a list of 18129 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David Kleinfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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deflection of a vibrissa leads to a gradient of strain across mechanoreceptors in a mystacial follicle
Journal of Neurophysiology, 2015Co-Authors: Per Magne Knutsen, Samuel J Whiteley, David W Matthews, David KleinfeldAbstract:Rodents use their vibrissae to detect and discriminate tactile features during active exploration. The site of mechanical transduction in the vibrissa Sensorimotor System is the follicle sinus comp...
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Neuronal basis for object location in the vibrissa scanning Sensorimotor System.
Neuron, 2011Co-Authors: David Kleinfeld, Martin DeschênesAbstract:An essential issue in perception is how the location of an object is estimated from tactile signals in the context of self-generated changes in sensor configuration. Here, we review the pathways and dynamics of neuronal signals that encode touch in the rodent vibrissa Sensorimotor System. Rodents rhythmically scan an array of long, facial hairs across a region of interest. Behavioral evidence shows that these animals maintain knowledge of the azimuthal position of their vibrissae. Electrophysiological measurements have identified a reafferent signal of the azimuth that is coded in normalized coordinates, broadcast throughout primary sensory cortex and provides strong modulation of signals of vibrissa contact. Efferent signals in motor cortex report the range of the scan. Collectively, these signals allow the rodent to form a percept of object location.
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phase to rate transformations encode touch in cortical neurons of a scanning Sensorimotor System
Nature Neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: John C Curtis, David KleinfeldAbstract:Sensory perception involves the dual challenge of encoding external stimuli and managing the influence of changes in body position that alter the sensory field. To examine mechanisms used to integrate sensory signals elicited by both external stimuli and motor activity, we recorded from rats trained to rhythmically sweep their vibrissa in search of a target. We found a select population of neurons in primary somatosensory cortex that are transiently excited by the confluence of touch by a single vibrissa and the phase of vibrissa motion in the whisk cycle; different units have different preferred phases. This conditional response enables the rodent to estimate object position in a coordinate frame that is normalized to the trajectory of the motor output, as defined by phase in the whisk cycle, rather than angle of the vibrissa relative to the face. The underlying computation is consistent with gating by an inhibitory shunt.
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'Where' and 'what' in the whisker Sensorimotor System
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Mathew E Diamond, Per Magne Knutsen, David Kleinfeld, Moritz Von Heimendahl, Ehud AhissarAbstract:The first study of whisker function, from 1912, showed that rats lose the capacity to navigate in a complex labyrinth if their whiskers are clipped. The tactile modality is crucial to the behavioural repertoire of most rodent species. Rats and mice generate their sense of touch through active movement of their whiskers. From signals that originate in sensory receptors at the base of the whisker, the brain builds up representations of the location and identity of contacted objects. The modern era of research into whisker function began in 1970 with the discovery of cortical barrels, which are clusters of densely-packed cells that anchor a columnar module dedicated to one whisker. Barrels are organized as a map that conserves the spatial relationships between whiskers. Since the discovery of cortical barrels, further investigations have unravelled the functional circuitry of the sensory pathways from whiskers to the cortex. Most work has come from anaesthetized animals. Researchers are now trying to learn how animals use their whiskers under natural conditions, and how the surrounding world is represented in their brains. Objects can be considered according to their location ('where') and their identity ('what'). As examples of localization tasks, we consider rats' capacities to sense the size of an opening between two walls and the forward–backward position of vertical poles. Sensorimotor strategy — that is, how the animal whisks and how it uses signals from multiple whiskers — differs according to the task. The neuronal representation of object location involves the integration of the response to object contact with a reference signal that reports the position of the whisker at the instant of contact. Reference signals originate from sensory receptors, but the motor System could also provide information about whisker position. As examples of object identification tasks, we consider rats' capacities to sense shape and texture; in both of these, rats are highly proficient. The Etruscan shrew uses its whiskers to identify insect prey by shape. In rats, the texture of a contacted surface is encoded by neuronal firing rate; rougher surfaces evoke higher firing rates. On single trials, firing rate correlates with the animal's judgment of texture. Because the strength of the animal's own motor output will affect the strength of the sensory response, we hypothesize that the animal uses knowledge of motor output to interpret the firing rate on individual contacts. A numerical model illustrates how knowledge of motor output makes sensory judgments more accurate. Three problems are particularly fascinating for future research. How are whisker dynamics reported by neuronal activity in behaving animals? Where in the sensory System are the 'where' and 'what' signals separated? How are neuronal representations transformed from stages at which they encode physical signals to stages at which they encode things that are meaningful to the animal? Many animals use their whiskers to collect information about the environment. Diamond and colleagues explain how the brain creates a neuronal representation of the location and identity of objects from sensory signals and argue that this involves integration of knowledge about the self-generated whisker motion. In the visual System of primates, different neuronal pathways are specialized for processing information about the spatial coordinates of objects and their identity — that is, 'where' and 'what'. By contrast, rats and other nocturnal animals build up a neuronal representation of 'where' and 'what' by seeking out and palpating objects with their whiskers. We present recent evidence about how the brain constructs a representation of the surrounding world through whisker-mediated sense of touch. While considerable knowledge exists about the representation of the physical properties of stimuli — like texture, shape and position — we know little about how the brain represents their meaning. Future research may elucidate this and show how the transformation of one representation to another is achieved.
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'Where' and 'what' in the whisker Sensorimotor System
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Mathew E Diamond, Moritz Von Heimendahl, Per Magne Knutsen, David Kleinfeld, Ehud AhissarAbstract:In the visual System of primates, different neuronal pathways are specialized for processing information about the spatial coordinates of objects and their identity - that is, 'where' and 'what'. By contrast, rats and other nocturnal animals build up a neuronal representation of 'where' and 'what' by seeking out and palpating objects with their whiskers. We present recent evidence about how the brain constructs a representation of the surrounding world through whisker-mediated sense of touch. While considerable knowledge exists about the representation of the physical properties of stimuli - like texture, shape and position - we know little about how the brain represents their meaning. Future research may elucidate this and show how the transformation of one representation to another is achieved.
Pavel Hok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modulation of the Sensorimotor System by sustained manual pressure stimulation
Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Pavel Hok, Miroslav Kutín, Jaroslav Opavský, Zbyněk Tüdös, Petr Kaňovský, Petr HluštíkAbstract:In Vojta physiotherapy, also known as reflex locomotion therapy, prolonged peripheral pressure stimulation induces complex generalized involuntary motor responses and modifies subsequent behavior, but its neurobiological basis remains unknown. We hypothesized that the stimulation would induce Sensorimotor activation changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during sequential finger opposition. Thirty healthy volunteers (mean age 24.2) underwent two randomized fMRI sessions involving manual pressure stimulation applied either at the right lateral heel according to Vojta, or at the right lateral ankle (control site). Participants were scanned before and after the stimulation when performing auditory-paced sequential finger opposition with their right hand. Despite an extensive activation decrease following both stimulation paradigms, the stimulation of the heel specifically led to an increase in task-related activation in the predominantly contralateral pontomedullary reticular formation and bilateral posterior cerebellar hemisphere and vermis. Our findings suggest that sustained pressure stimulation of the foot is associated with differential short-term changes in hand motor task-related activation depending on the stimulation. This is the first evidence for brainstem modulation after peripheral pressure stimulation, suggesting that the after-effects of reflex locomotion physiotherapy involve a modulation of the pontomedullary reticular formation.
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plasticity of Sensorimotor System induced by sustained pressure stimulation according to vojta therapy p7 197
Neurology, 2015Co-Authors: Pavel Hok, Petr Hluštík, Miroslav Kutín, Jaroslav Opavský, Zbyněk Tüdös, Petr KanovskyAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess neuronal plasticity occurring in healthy volunteers after sustained pressure stimulation according to Vojta. BACKGROUND: The Vojta therapy is a physiotherapeutic method involving sustained manual stimulation at specific skin zones to elicit a complex motor response, so called reflex locomotion. Despite 50 years of clinical use, the underlying neurobiological basis remains a speculation. We hypothesize that the stimulation-driven response induces brain plasticity mainly at subcortical level. To detect site-specific changes, we compared two peripheral stimulation sites using task-related and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). DESIGN/METHODS: Two groups of healthy volunteers were included (17 females and 5 males in each group, mean ages 24.5 and 24.7, respectively): Group A receiving stimulation at the Vojta right heel zone and Group B receiving control stimulation at the right ankle. All subjects underwent a single fMRI session using a 1.5T Siemens scanner, employing twice 3 different conditions: rest (6 min); dominant hand finger tapping alternating with rest (6 min); intermittent pressure stimulation applied by an experienced therapist (10 min). Both rest and finger tapping conditions were tested before and after two consecutive stimulation runs. Statistical analysis was carried out using FSL version 5.0. The resulting maps were thresholded at corrected significance level p<0.05. RESULTS: In finger tapping task, diffuse activation decrease within Sensorimotor System was observed in both groups. However, there was significant activation increase mainly in motor nuclei of left thalamus detected only in group A. Additionally, group A showed significant decrease of functional connectivity in the left superior parietal lobule within the bilateral Sensorimotor resting-state network. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence that the stimulation according to Vojta is associated with specific and persistent changes of brain activation mainly at subcortical level, as compared to the control stimulation. Study Supported by: Grant GACR 14-22572S. Disclosure: Dr. Hok has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hlustik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kutin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Opavsky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tudos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kanovsky has nothing to disclose.
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Plasticity of Sensorimotor System Induced by Sustained Pressure Stimulation According to Vojta Therapy (P7.197)
Neurology, 2015Co-Authors: Pavel Hok, Petr Hluštík, Miroslav Kutín, Jaroslav Opavský, Zbyněk Tüdös, Petr KanovskyAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess neuronal plasticity occurring in healthy volunteers after sustained pressure stimulation according to Vojta. BACKGROUND: The Vojta therapy is a physiotherapeutic method involving sustained manual stimulation at specific skin zones to elicit a complex motor response, so called reflex locomotion. Despite 50 years of clinical use, the underlying neurobiological basis remains a speculation. We hypothesize that the stimulation-driven response induces brain plasticity mainly at subcortical level. To detect site-specific changes, we compared two peripheral stimulation sites using task-related and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). DESIGN/METHODS: Two groups of healthy volunteers were included (17 females and 5 males in each group, mean ages 24.5 and 24.7, respectively): Group A receiving stimulation at the Vojta right heel zone and Group B receiving control stimulation at the right ankle. All subjects underwent a single fMRI session using a 1.5T Siemens scanner, employing twice 3 different conditions: rest (6 min); dominant hand finger tapping alternating with rest (6 min); intermittent pressure stimulation applied by an experienced therapist (10 min). Both rest and finger tapping conditions were tested before and after two consecutive stimulation runs. Statistical analysis was carried out using FSL version 5.0. The resulting maps were thresholded at corrected significance level p
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22. Plasticity of Sensorimotor System induced by sustained pressure stimulation
Clinical Neurophysiology, 2015Co-Authors: Pavel Hok, Petr Hluštík, Miroslav Kutín, Jaroslav Opavský, Zbyněk Tüdös, Petr KaňovskýAbstract:Introduction The aim of this study was to assess functional changes occurring at central nervous System (CNS) in healthy volunteers after sustained pressure stimulation according to Vojta (Bauer et al., 1992), a physiotherapeutic method involving induction of a complex motor response, so called reflex locomotion. Although the therapy has been widely used in clinical practice, its underlying neurobiological basis remains a speculation. We hypothesize that the stimulation-driven response induces CNS plasticity at subcortical level detectable by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), possibly involving specific changes in task-related Sensorimotor System activation as well as modulation of resting state networks. Methods Two groups of healthy volunteers were included (17 females and 5 males in each group, mean age 24.5 and 24.7 respectively): Group A receiving stimulation at the Vojta right heel zone and Group B receiving control stimulation of the right ankle. All subjects underwent a single fMRI session using a 1.5T Siemens scanner, including 6 experimental runs employing 3 different conditions: rest (6min); dominant hand finger tapping alternating with rest (6min); intermittent pressure stimulation applied by an experienced therapist (10min). Both rest and finger tapping conditions were tested before and after two consecutive stimulation runs. Statistical analysis, including standard pre-processing, nuisance signal regression and group post hoc contrasts, was carried out using FEAT, and MELODIC followed by Dual Regression, parts of FSL (Jenkinson et al., 2012) 5.0. The resulting statistical maps were thresholded at corrected significance level p Results In finger tapping task, diffuse activation decrease within Sensorimotor System was observed in both groups. However, there was significant activation increase mainly in motor nuclei of left thalamus detected only in group A. Additionally, group A showed significant decrease of functional connectivity in the left superior parietal lobule within the bilateral Sensorimotor resting-state network. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that stimulation according to Vojta is associated with specific and persistent changes of brain activation, as compared to the control stimulation. The observed changes could represent neurophysiological correlate of Vojta therapy and suggest an important role of subcortical structures. Acknowledgement Supported by grant GACR 14–22572S.
Petr Hluštík - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modulation of the Sensorimotor System by sustained manual pressure stimulation
Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Pavel Hok, Miroslav Kutín, Jaroslav Opavský, Zbyněk Tüdös, Petr Kaňovský, Petr HluštíkAbstract:In Vojta physiotherapy, also known as reflex locomotion therapy, prolonged peripheral pressure stimulation induces complex generalized involuntary motor responses and modifies subsequent behavior, but its neurobiological basis remains unknown. We hypothesized that the stimulation would induce Sensorimotor activation changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during sequential finger opposition. Thirty healthy volunteers (mean age 24.2) underwent two randomized fMRI sessions involving manual pressure stimulation applied either at the right lateral heel according to Vojta, or at the right lateral ankle (control site). Participants were scanned before and after the stimulation when performing auditory-paced sequential finger opposition with their right hand. Despite an extensive activation decrease following both stimulation paradigms, the stimulation of the heel specifically led to an increase in task-related activation in the predominantly contralateral pontomedullary reticular formation and bilateral posterior cerebellar hemisphere and vermis. Our findings suggest that sustained pressure stimulation of the foot is associated with differential short-term changes in hand motor task-related activation depending on the stimulation. This is the first evidence for brainstem modulation after peripheral pressure stimulation, suggesting that the after-effects of reflex locomotion physiotherapy involve a modulation of the pontomedullary reticular formation.
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plasticity of Sensorimotor System induced by sustained pressure stimulation according to vojta therapy p7 197
Neurology, 2015Co-Authors: Pavel Hok, Petr Hluštík, Miroslav Kutín, Jaroslav Opavský, Zbyněk Tüdös, Petr KanovskyAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess neuronal plasticity occurring in healthy volunteers after sustained pressure stimulation according to Vojta. BACKGROUND: The Vojta therapy is a physiotherapeutic method involving sustained manual stimulation at specific skin zones to elicit a complex motor response, so called reflex locomotion. Despite 50 years of clinical use, the underlying neurobiological basis remains a speculation. We hypothesize that the stimulation-driven response induces brain plasticity mainly at subcortical level. To detect site-specific changes, we compared two peripheral stimulation sites using task-related and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). DESIGN/METHODS: Two groups of healthy volunteers were included (17 females and 5 males in each group, mean ages 24.5 and 24.7, respectively): Group A receiving stimulation at the Vojta right heel zone and Group B receiving control stimulation at the right ankle. All subjects underwent a single fMRI session using a 1.5T Siemens scanner, employing twice 3 different conditions: rest (6 min); dominant hand finger tapping alternating with rest (6 min); intermittent pressure stimulation applied by an experienced therapist (10 min). Both rest and finger tapping conditions were tested before and after two consecutive stimulation runs. Statistical analysis was carried out using FSL version 5.0. The resulting maps were thresholded at corrected significance level p<0.05. RESULTS: In finger tapping task, diffuse activation decrease within Sensorimotor System was observed in both groups. However, there was significant activation increase mainly in motor nuclei of left thalamus detected only in group A. Additionally, group A showed significant decrease of functional connectivity in the left superior parietal lobule within the bilateral Sensorimotor resting-state network. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence that the stimulation according to Vojta is associated with specific and persistent changes of brain activation mainly at subcortical level, as compared to the control stimulation. Study Supported by: Grant GACR 14-22572S. Disclosure: Dr. Hok has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hlustik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kutin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Opavsky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tudos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kanovsky has nothing to disclose.
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Plasticity of Sensorimotor System Induced by Sustained Pressure Stimulation According to Vojta Therapy (P7.197)
Neurology, 2015Co-Authors: Pavel Hok, Petr Hluštík, Miroslav Kutín, Jaroslav Opavský, Zbyněk Tüdös, Petr KanovskyAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess neuronal plasticity occurring in healthy volunteers after sustained pressure stimulation according to Vojta. BACKGROUND: The Vojta therapy is a physiotherapeutic method involving sustained manual stimulation at specific skin zones to elicit a complex motor response, so called reflex locomotion. Despite 50 years of clinical use, the underlying neurobiological basis remains a speculation. We hypothesize that the stimulation-driven response induces brain plasticity mainly at subcortical level. To detect site-specific changes, we compared two peripheral stimulation sites using task-related and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). DESIGN/METHODS: Two groups of healthy volunteers were included (17 females and 5 males in each group, mean ages 24.5 and 24.7, respectively): Group A receiving stimulation at the Vojta right heel zone and Group B receiving control stimulation at the right ankle. All subjects underwent a single fMRI session using a 1.5T Siemens scanner, employing twice 3 different conditions: rest (6 min); dominant hand finger tapping alternating with rest (6 min); intermittent pressure stimulation applied by an experienced therapist (10 min). Both rest and finger tapping conditions were tested before and after two consecutive stimulation runs. Statistical analysis was carried out using FSL version 5.0. The resulting maps were thresholded at corrected significance level p
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22. Plasticity of Sensorimotor System induced by sustained pressure stimulation
Clinical Neurophysiology, 2015Co-Authors: Pavel Hok, Petr Hluštík, Miroslav Kutín, Jaroslav Opavský, Zbyněk Tüdös, Petr KaňovskýAbstract:Introduction The aim of this study was to assess functional changes occurring at central nervous System (CNS) in healthy volunteers after sustained pressure stimulation according to Vojta (Bauer et al., 1992), a physiotherapeutic method involving induction of a complex motor response, so called reflex locomotion. Although the therapy has been widely used in clinical practice, its underlying neurobiological basis remains a speculation. We hypothesize that the stimulation-driven response induces CNS plasticity at subcortical level detectable by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), possibly involving specific changes in task-related Sensorimotor System activation as well as modulation of resting state networks. Methods Two groups of healthy volunteers were included (17 females and 5 males in each group, mean age 24.5 and 24.7 respectively): Group A receiving stimulation at the Vojta right heel zone and Group B receiving control stimulation of the right ankle. All subjects underwent a single fMRI session using a 1.5T Siemens scanner, including 6 experimental runs employing 3 different conditions: rest (6min); dominant hand finger tapping alternating with rest (6min); intermittent pressure stimulation applied by an experienced therapist (10min). Both rest and finger tapping conditions were tested before and after two consecutive stimulation runs. Statistical analysis, including standard pre-processing, nuisance signal regression and group post hoc contrasts, was carried out using FEAT, and MELODIC followed by Dual Regression, parts of FSL (Jenkinson et al., 2012) 5.0. The resulting statistical maps were thresholded at corrected significance level p Results In finger tapping task, diffuse activation decrease within Sensorimotor System was observed in both groups. However, there was significant activation increase mainly in motor nuclei of left thalamus detected only in group A. Additionally, group A showed significant decrease of functional connectivity in the left superior parietal lobule within the bilateral Sensorimotor resting-state network. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that stimulation according to Vojta is associated with specific and persistent changes of brain activation, as compared to the control stimulation. The observed changes could represent neurophysiological correlate of Vojta therapy and suggest an important role of subcortical structures. Acknowledgement Supported by grant GACR 14–22572S.
Timothy L. Uhl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recovery of upper extremity Sensorimotor System acuity in baseball athletes after a throwing-fatigue protocol.
Journal of athletic training, 2007Co-Authors: Brady L. Tripp, Eric M. Yochem, Timothy L. UhlAbstract:CONTEXT Research indicates that upper extremity fatigue hampers Sensorimotor System acuity. However, no investigators have observed recovery of upper extremity acuity after fatigue. OBJECTIVE To observe recovery of active position reproduction acuity in overhead throwers after a throwing-fatigue protocol. DESIGN Single-session, repeated-measures design. SETTING University musculoskeletal laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Sixteen healthy collegiate baseball players (age = 21.0 +/- 1.6 years, height = 175.8 +/- 10.2 cm, mass = 82.8 +/- 4.3 kg). INTERVENTION(S) Subjects threw a baseball with maximum velocity (every 5 seconds) from a single knee. Every 20 throws, subjects rated their upper extremity exertion on a Borg scale until reporting a level of more than 14. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We used an electromagnetic tracking System to measure active multijoint position reproduction acuity at 5 intervals: prefatigue; immediately postfatigue; and after 4, 7, and 10 minutes of recovery. Blindfolded subjects reproduced their arm-cocked and ball-release positions. Dependent variables were 3-dimensional variable errors of scapulothoracic, glenohumeral, elbow, and wrist joints; endpoint (ie, hand) position error represented overall upper extremity acuity. The independent variable was time (measured prefatigue and at 4 postfatigue intervals). RESULTS Fatigue significantly affected acuity of scapulothoracic, glenohumeral, and elbow joints and endpoint error for both positions (P .05). CONCLUSIONS The Sensorimotor System deficits that we observed after fatigue recovered within 7 minutes in most upper extremity joints. Glenohumeral arm-cocked position reproduction acuity failed to recover within 10 minutes. Research indicates that overhead throwers are vulnerable in this position to the capsulolabral injuries commonly observed in throwing athletes. Future researchers should explore this relationship and the effectiveness of exercises aimed at enhancing Sensorimotor System acuity and endurance.
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functional fatigue and upper extremity Sensorimotor System acuity in baseball athletes
Journal of Athletic Training, 2007Co-Authors: Brady L. Tripp, Eric M. Yochem, Timothy L. UhlAbstract:dial deviation and flexion-extension. We calculated acuity for each joint and the entire upper extremity using 3-dimensional variable error. Results: Fatigue occurred after an average of 62 28 throws and increased 3-dimensional variable error scores (ie, decreased acuity) of the entire upper extremity and all joints in both positions (P .05) except for the wrist in arm cock. Fatigue increased errors (ranging from 0.6 to 2.3) at arm cock for scapulothoracic internal-external rotation, upward rotation, and posterior tilt; glenohumeral internal-external rotation and flexion-extension; elbow flexion-extension; and wrist ulnar-radial deviation and at ball release for scapulothoracic internalexternal rotation and upward rotation, glenohumeral horizontal abduction-adduction, elbow pronation-supination, and wrist ulnar-radial deviation and flexion-extension (P .05). Conclusions: Functional fatigue affects the acuity of the entire upper extremity, each individual joint, and multiple joint motions in overhead throwers. Clinicians should consider the deleterious effects of upper extremity fatigue when designing injury prevention and rehabilitation programs and should incorporate multijoint and multiplanar endurance exercises. Compromised neuromuscular control of the scapulohumeral relationship may hold pathologic implications for this population as well.
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Clinical assessment and rehabilitation of shoulder and knee Sensorimotor control.
Orthopedics, 2002Co-Authors: Timothy L. Uhl, Carl G. Mattacola, Darren L. JohnsonAbstract:The orthopedic surgeon must perform a thorough evaluation of an unstable joint to derive the accurate diagnosis. One component of this examination is evaluation of the Sensorimotor System. This article provides an overview of techniques and methodology used to assess the Sensorimotor System. Rehabilitation concepts are presented to assist the physician during patient consultation following injury or surgery.
Jaroslav Opavský - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modulation of the Sensorimotor System by sustained manual pressure stimulation
Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Pavel Hok, Miroslav Kutín, Jaroslav Opavský, Zbyněk Tüdös, Petr Kaňovský, Petr HluštíkAbstract:In Vojta physiotherapy, also known as reflex locomotion therapy, prolonged peripheral pressure stimulation induces complex generalized involuntary motor responses and modifies subsequent behavior, but its neurobiological basis remains unknown. We hypothesized that the stimulation would induce Sensorimotor activation changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during sequential finger opposition. Thirty healthy volunteers (mean age 24.2) underwent two randomized fMRI sessions involving manual pressure stimulation applied either at the right lateral heel according to Vojta, or at the right lateral ankle (control site). Participants were scanned before and after the stimulation when performing auditory-paced sequential finger opposition with their right hand. Despite an extensive activation decrease following both stimulation paradigms, the stimulation of the heel specifically led to an increase in task-related activation in the predominantly contralateral pontomedullary reticular formation and bilateral posterior cerebellar hemisphere and vermis. Our findings suggest that sustained pressure stimulation of the foot is associated with differential short-term changes in hand motor task-related activation depending on the stimulation. This is the first evidence for brainstem modulation after peripheral pressure stimulation, suggesting that the after-effects of reflex locomotion physiotherapy involve a modulation of the pontomedullary reticular formation.
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plasticity of Sensorimotor System induced by sustained pressure stimulation according to vojta therapy p7 197
Neurology, 2015Co-Authors: Pavel Hok, Petr Hluštík, Miroslav Kutín, Jaroslav Opavský, Zbyněk Tüdös, Petr KanovskyAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess neuronal plasticity occurring in healthy volunteers after sustained pressure stimulation according to Vojta. BACKGROUND: The Vojta therapy is a physiotherapeutic method involving sustained manual stimulation at specific skin zones to elicit a complex motor response, so called reflex locomotion. Despite 50 years of clinical use, the underlying neurobiological basis remains a speculation. We hypothesize that the stimulation-driven response induces brain plasticity mainly at subcortical level. To detect site-specific changes, we compared two peripheral stimulation sites using task-related and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). DESIGN/METHODS: Two groups of healthy volunteers were included (17 females and 5 males in each group, mean ages 24.5 and 24.7, respectively): Group A receiving stimulation at the Vojta right heel zone and Group B receiving control stimulation at the right ankle. All subjects underwent a single fMRI session using a 1.5T Siemens scanner, employing twice 3 different conditions: rest (6 min); dominant hand finger tapping alternating with rest (6 min); intermittent pressure stimulation applied by an experienced therapist (10 min). Both rest and finger tapping conditions were tested before and after two consecutive stimulation runs. Statistical analysis was carried out using FSL version 5.0. The resulting maps were thresholded at corrected significance level p<0.05. RESULTS: In finger tapping task, diffuse activation decrease within Sensorimotor System was observed in both groups. However, there was significant activation increase mainly in motor nuclei of left thalamus detected only in group A. Additionally, group A showed significant decrease of functional connectivity in the left superior parietal lobule within the bilateral Sensorimotor resting-state network. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence that the stimulation according to Vojta is associated with specific and persistent changes of brain activation mainly at subcortical level, as compared to the control stimulation. Study Supported by: Grant GACR 14-22572S. Disclosure: Dr. Hok has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hlustik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kutin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Opavsky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tudos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kanovsky has nothing to disclose.
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Plasticity of Sensorimotor System Induced by Sustained Pressure Stimulation According to Vojta Therapy (P7.197)
Neurology, 2015Co-Authors: Pavel Hok, Petr Hluštík, Miroslav Kutín, Jaroslav Opavský, Zbyněk Tüdös, Petr KanovskyAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess neuronal plasticity occurring in healthy volunteers after sustained pressure stimulation according to Vojta. BACKGROUND: The Vojta therapy is a physiotherapeutic method involving sustained manual stimulation at specific skin zones to elicit a complex motor response, so called reflex locomotion. Despite 50 years of clinical use, the underlying neurobiological basis remains a speculation. We hypothesize that the stimulation-driven response induces brain plasticity mainly at subcortical level. To detect site-specific changes, we compared two peripheral stimulation sites using task-related and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). DESIGN/METHODS: Two groups of healthy volunteers were included (17 females and 5 males in each group, mean ages 24.5 and 24.7, respectively): Group A receiving stimulation at the Vojta right heel zone and Group B receiving control stimulation at the right ankle. All subjects underwent a single fMRI session using a 1.5T Siemens scanner, employing twice 3 different conditions: rest (6 min); dominant hand finger tapping alternating with rest (6 min); intermittent pressure stimulation applied by an experienced therapist (10 min). Both rest and finger tapping conditions were tested before and after two consecutive stimulation runs. Statistical analysis was carried out using FSL version 5.0. The resulting maps were thresholded at corrected significance level p
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22. Plasticity of Sensorimotor System induced by sustained pressure stimulation
Clinical Neurophysiology, 2015Co-Authors: Pavel Hok, Petr Hluštík, Miroslav Kutín, Jaroslav Opavský, Zbyněk Tüdös, Petr KaňovskýAbstract:Introduction The aim of this study was to assess functional changes occurring at central nervous System (CNS) in healthy volunteers after sustained pressure stimulation according to Vojta (Bauer et al., 1992), a physiotherapeutic method involving induction of a complex motor response, so called reflex locomotion. Although the therapy has been widely used in clinical practice, its underlying neurobiological basis remains a speculation. We hypothesize that the stimulation-driven response induces CNS plasticity at subcortical level detectable by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), possibly involving specific changes in task-related Sensorimotor System activation as well as modulation of resting state networks. Methods Two groups of healthy volunteers were included (17 females and 5 males in each group, mean age 24.5 and 24.7 respectively): Group A receiving stimulation at the Vojta right heel zone and Group B receiving control stimulation of the right ankle. All subjects underwent a single fMRI session using a 1.5T Siemens scanner, including 6 experimental runs employing 3 different conditions: rest (6min); dominant hand finger tapping alternating with rest (6min); intermittent pressure stimulation applied by an experienced therapist (10min). Both rest and finger tapping conditions were tested before and after two consecutive stimulation runs. Statistical analysis, including standard pre-processing, nuisance signal regression and group post hoc contrasts, was carried out using FEAT, and MELODIC followed by Dual Regression, parts of FSL (Jenkinson et al., 2012) 5.0. The resulting statistical maps were thresholded at corrected significance level p Results In finger tapping task, diffuse activation decrease within Sensorimotor System was observed in both groups. However, there was significant activation increase mainly in motor nuclei of left thalamus detected only in group A. Additionally, group A showed significant decrease of functional connectivity in the left superior parietal lobule within the bilateral Sensorimotor resting-state network. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that stimulation according to Vojta is associated with specific and persistent changes of brain activation, as compared to the control stimulation. The observed changes could represent neurophysiological correlate of Vojta therapy and suggest an important role of subcortical structures. Acknowledgement Supported by grant GACR 14–22572S.
